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1、选词填空（15选10） 10题，总分值：20分Directions： Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.Sex prejudices are based on the ideology that biology is destiny. Although somewhat outdated, this 1) dogma is still held by some people as t
2、rue and dominates certain cultures. These people believe that basic biological and 2) psychological differences do exist between the sexes, and that these differences 3) require that each sex plays respective roles in social life. Women are the weaker sex - both 4) physically and emotionally. Thus,
3、they are suited to the performance of 5) domestic duties. A womans place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home instead of the 6) alien world outside. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife, mother and homemaker. On the other hand,
4、 men are best suited to go out into the 7) competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities in communities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”. Any 8) rebellions to such rules are often silenced.The ideology also holds that women w
5、ho wish to work outside the 9) household should naturally fill the jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be 10) employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. The
6、se positions are simply an extension of womens role in the home.A. adoptedrequireB. domesticdetentionC. dogmaemployedD. physicallyH. reactionsI. alien J.household K.rebellions L.psychological M.separately N.vigilant O petitive参考答案：1) dogma 2) psychological 3) require 4) physically 5) domestic 6) ali
7、en 7) competitive 8) rebellions 9) household 10) employedA收起解析长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分Directions： You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose
8、 a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Gains, and Drawbacks, for Female ProfessorsA) CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - When the Massachusetts Institute of Technology acknowledged 12 years ago that it had discriminated (歧视)against female professors in “subtle but pervasive” ways, it bec
9、ame a national model for addressing gender inequality. Now, an evaluation of those efforts shows substantial progress - and unintended consequences. Among other concerns, many female professors say that M.LT/s aggressive push to hire more women has created the sense that they are given an unfair adv
10、antage. Those who once complained about M.LT/s lag in recruiting women now worry about what one called utoo much effort to recruit women.5,B) Much as a report accompanying M.LT/s acknowledgment more than a decade ago offered a rare window on an institution tackling gender discrimination, the new stu
11、dy, being released Monday, shows how difficult the problem is - and not just atMLT Its almost as though the standard has changed, because things are so much better now, said Hazel L. Sive, associate dean of the School of Science, who led one of the committees writing the report. Because things are s
12、o much better now, we can see an entirely new set of issues.nC) An array of prizes and professional honors among female professors has provided a powerful rebuttal （反驳）to critics who suggested after the earlier report that women simply lacked the aptitude for science. But with the emphasis on elimin
13、ating bias, women now say the assumption when they win important prizes or positions is that they did so because of their gender. Professors say that female undergraduates ask them how to answer male classmates who tell them they got into M.LT. only because of affirmative （赞助性的）action.D) Because it
14、has now become all but the rule that every committee must include a woman, and there are still relatively few women on the faculty, female professors say they are losing up to half of their research time, as well as the outside consultancies that earn their male colleagues a lot of money.E) While wo
15、men on the tenure （终身职位）track 12 years ago feared that having a child would affect their careers, todays generous policies have made families the norm: The university provides a year-long pause in the tenure clock, and everyone gets a term-long leave after the arrival of a child. There is day care o
16、n campus and subsidies for child care while traveling on business. Yet now women say they are uneasy with the frequent invitations to appear on campus panels to discuss their work-life balance. In interviews for the study, they expressed frustration that parenthood remained a womens issue, rather th
17、an a family one.F) Despite an effort to educate colleagues about bias in letters of recommendation for tenure, those for men tend to focus on intellect while those for women dwell on temperament. To women in my generation, these remaining issues can sound small because we see so much progress, said
18、Nancy H. Hopkins, a molecular biologist who started the first report. uBut theyre not small; they still create an unequal playing field for women - not just at universities, and certainly not just at M.LT. And they*re harder to change because they are a reflection of where women stand in society.”G)
19、 The original effort started in 1994, when Professor Hopkins was frustrated that the university had resisted giving her lab space for new research, and that a course she developed had been given to a male professor. She considered herself a scientist, not a feminist, and only tentatively shared her
20、concerns with another female professor.H) Finding common complaints, they reached out to other women on the School of Science faculty - and discovered that it was remarkably easy to survey them, because there were only 15 women with tenure, compared with 197 men. Women undergraduates outnumbered men
21、 in some departments, but the percentage of women on the faculty had remained relatively flat for 20 years. The school had never had a woman in any position of leadership.I) The women gathered more data - crawling on the floor with tape measures to compare lab space for men and for women. They took
22、their concerns to the dean, Robert J. Birgeneau, who did his own study, which backed up the womens conclusions that there were wide differences in salary and resources and a general marginalization (边缘化)of women. I have always believed that contemporary gender discrimination within universities is p
23、art reality and part perception,n the universitys president, Charles M. Vest, wrote in the 1999 report. uTrue, but I now understand that reality is by far the greater part of the balance.MJ) That unusual admission by one of the nations most prestigious universities echoed far beyond campus. The Nati
24、onal Science Foundation and the National Academies began significant efforts to increase opportunities for women in science. Major philanthropies (慈善团体)gave $1 million to help M.LT. spread the word, and other universities replicated (复制)the effort. The women who started it all at M.LT. are still bei
25、ng called to other campuses seeking to evaluate the treatment of women.K) While the original study looked at just the School of Science, one of five schools at M.I.T., the institute later did similar evaluations of the School of Engineering, and then the other faculties. Women at the Schools of Scie
26、nce and Engineering decided to repeat the study of their schools this year after the head of physics, Edmund Bertschinger, suggested a two-day conference on the women of M.LT. to help mark the institutes 150th anniversary.L) In what the new study calls “stunning progress, the number of female facult
27、y members has nearly doubled in the School of Science since 1999 and in the School of Engineering since its original study was completed in 2002. More women are in critical decision-making positions at M.LT. - there is a female president, and women who are deans and department heads. Inequities in s
28、alaries, resources, lab space and teaching loads have largely been eliminated. ul thought things might get better, I thought people had good will, but I never dreamed wed make this much progress in 10 years, said Lorna J. Gibson, who led the Engineering School study.M) Some of the problems noted in
29、the report are brought on by progress: The university now struggles to accommodate two-career couples; a decade ago, women with tenure tended to be married only to their careers. But the primary issue in the report is the perception that correcting bias means lowering standards for women. In fact, a
30、dministrators say they have increased the number of women by broadening their searches. No one is given tenure without what Marc A. Kastner, the dean of the School of Science, called “off-scale recommendations from at least 15 scholars outside M.l.T.N) Among women on the science and engineering facu
31、lties, there are more than two dozen members of the National Academy of Sciences; four winners of the National Medal of Science; the receiver of the top international award in computer science; and the winners of a host of other fellowships and prizes. uNo one is getting tenure for diversity reasons
32、, because the women themselves feel so strongly that the standards have to be maintained,5, Professor Kastner said.O) Faculty members said that the perception otherwise would change as more women were hired and the quality of their achievement became obvious. MThe more fundamental issues are societa
33、l/5 Professor Kastner said, and M.LT. cant solve them on its own.”The university offers adequate support and convenience for a teacher who has a child. EResearch done by the dean of the School of Science confirmed the female professors1 discovery of discrimination against women teachers. IThe number
34、 of female faculty members has not been increased at the expense of lowering academic standards. NIn some peoples eyes, the reason why female professors have won major prizes and academic statuses is that they are women. CThe effort made by M.l.T to eliminate bias against women set a good example fo
35、r other institutions. JThere is a concern that M.l.T. seems to have gone from one extreme to the other in terms of employing women. AFemale teachers are often asked to talk about how they can strike a balance between their career and their family. EAccording to a new study, impressive improvements h
36、ave been made in womens status at M.LT since the end of the 20th century. LA female professor who is on a committee has less time for doing research and working as consultant. DMen with tenure at the School of Science in M.LT far outnumbered women with tenure in the early 1990s. H参考答案：11) E 12) I 13
37、) N 14) C 15) J 16) A 17) E 18) L 19) DHA收起解析阅读理解10题，总分值：40分Directions： Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C5 and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Few ideas from soc
38、ial science have dug their way into the public imagination like Dunbars Number, the famous finding that we humans cant cope with a social circle much larger than 150 people. The average size of modern hunter-gatherer communities, ifs been calculated, is 148.8. The average size of army companies thro
39、ugh history, from the Romans to the USSR, hovers around 150. And the average number of people to whom Britons send Christmas cards, according to a 2003 study, is 153.5. No wonder so many panicmerchants worry that online social networks will destroy society. To accumulate 1,000 Facebook friends, Dunb
40、ars Number suggests, is to violate a law as old as humanity itself.In fact, the panic-merchants are wrong: Social networks dont replace offline friendships. Nonetheless, Dunbars work does suggest something troubling about modern friendship. For centuries - and especially since the Industrial Revolut
41、ion - weve been uprooting ourselves from the communities in which we were born. Until recently, on arriving in a new place, youd inevitably lose your ties with the one youdleft; youd be forced to invest fully in a new social circle. These days, however, thanks to email and Skype, you need never cut
42、those ties. You never leave your old life behind, so your emotional investments are scattered.One consequence is that the people in your circle of 150 are far less likely to know each other. Or, as Dunbar writes, aOur social networks are no longer as densely interconnected as they once were.” Anyone
43、 whos ever fled small-town life might respond: Thank God for that. After all, there wont be people who are always snooping (窥探)on your business.Yet it turns out that when close friends know each other, good things happen. For example, Dunbars research shows that people are more altruistic (利他的)towar
44、d each other in dense social networks. Why are densely linked friends better friends? In a dense network, an act of friendship is two things at once: an expression of an individual bond, and another stitch in a bigger social fabric.Now you have a good reason to introduce your friends to each other.
45、True, theyll probably gossip about you at some point, but then that strengthens the social fabric, too.20) According to the passage, Dunbars Number is.A. a method to calculate the average size of modern human communitiesB. a public opinion on the potential influence of online social networksC. a the
46、ory that states the limit of the size of ones social circleD. a scientific concept that once influenced human society in historyThe word upanic-merchantsn (Para. 1) refers to people.A. who have an intense fear of meeting others through online social networks B. who worry about the big size of social
47、 circles created by online networking C. who are afraid of the lack of privacy on social networking websitesD. who disbelieve the power of densely connected social networksWhich of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Social networks are more scattered today than before the I
48、ndustrial Revolution. B. Social networks are smaller today because people spend more time online. C. Social networks become denser today due to the extensive use of the Internet. D. Social networks bear stronger emotional bonds today than centuries ago.24)According to the author, one bad thing about
49、 a dense social network is thatA. ones business is hard to developB. ones privacy can be easily invadedC. one has few chances to meet new friendsD. one has to cut ties with friends in distant placesWhat is the authors overall attitude toward dense social networks?A. Indifferent.B. Unclear.C. Negative.D. Positive.参考答案：21) C 22) B 23) A 24) B 25) DA收起解析The term “off the gridn refers to living in a self-sufficien