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1、中考阅读理解考题之归纳主旨大意题型解题探索成都石室初中培华校区金雪归纳主旨大意是阅读理解题型常考项目。在成都中考当中，常常出现在以下地方：1.A卷阅读理解，判断正误；2.B卷四题的A.补全短文和B.完成表格。解题策略：抓住文章的主旨大意：浏览全文，整体上把握文章的结构和逻辑，归纳文章每一段的段落大意，再做总结。通常情况下，英语文章每一段的第一句为中心句，有时置于段落的最后，或者需要归纳总结。策略：详细阅读每 句话，找出每一句的关键词，词组。小窍门关注标题，小标题，引言，每段的第一句话，图标和词汇，最末尾的句子以及总结性句式。下面以2023年成都市中考B卷第四题A七选五为例，探究主旨大意题型的策
2、略，关键和步骤。解题关键：整体把握文章的主要内容和结构，进而概括段落大意，理清段落，句子之间的逻辑关系，对极易混淆 的七个选项加以区分，做出正确选择。解题步骤.通读全文，把握主旨；1 .详细阅读段落，概括大意。2 .研读选项，准确定位；.代入原文，通读验查。检查文章是否逻辑严密，句子与句子之间是否通顺。四、阅读表达A.补全短文根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选项中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文。Have you ever tried to hide your emotions（情感）from someone during aconversation?Scientists from the Ohio
3、 State University have foundthat people are able to tell other peoples emotion according to changes in the color of their faces.Scientists studied pictures of peoples facial expressions.2 For example, happiness makes our facesred around the cheeks and a little blue around the chin. Disgust（厌恶）create
4、ds not only a blueyellow color around the lips, but also a red-green color around the nose and forehead. “We believe these color patterns are the result of small changes in blood flow triggered （触发） by the central nervous （神经）system. Lead researcher Alex Martinez said.3 Does the color alone or also
5、facial expressions help people tell others emotions?To figure this out, scientists added color patterns to pictures of faces thatshowed no facial expressions. 4 They were able to tell the emothons 75percent oft he timewithout any difficulty.5 For example , when two people are heatedly arguing over s
6、omething,we say theyare red in the face. When a person is very angry, wed say he or she is blue in the face.A.But this raises a question.B.lt is shown that human emotions are influenced by colors on the face.C.They found that every facial expression is connected to a certain color.D.lts not always e
7、asy,because the color on your face may tell the truth.E.Then volunteers were asked to tell what emotions the faces were showing.F.This is why there are some Chinese saying that connect emotions to the color of ones face.解题过程：通读全文，找出每段的段落大意，概括文章的主题：人们想要隐藏自己的感情是很难的，科学研究表明人脸颜 色的变化暴露了人们的情绪和情感。Paragraghl
8、:弓I 入段 People try to hide their emotions.Paragragh2:lts changes in the colorof peoples face for other peopl to tell their emotions.paragraph3:the color of peoples faces can expose their emotions.Paragraph4:the reason for the changes in the color of peoples faces Paragraphs further study of the color
9、Paragraph6;its plain that the color alone is definitely used to tell the emotions.Paragraph7the quotations of old Chinese sayings also strengthen the study about the color pattens.接下来，细读第一自然段第一句话。使用一般疑问句引出人们尽力在谈话当中隐藏自己的情感这一普遍存在 的事实。怎样从A-F中选出正确的一项填入第二句话当中呢？我们继续详细阅读第二自然段，这一段的中心意思是科学研究表明人们能够根据别人面部颜色的变化
10、识别出 他们的情绪。因此，D选项为正确答案。D项说明与人交谈时，想要隐藏情感并不总是容易成功的。因为你面部 的颜色会告诉别人你的真实情感。第三段，科学家发现之一，人们面部的不同颜色显示出他们的不同的情感。比如快乐的情绪使我们脸颊变红， 下巴周围呈现一点蓝色。厌恶的情感不仅使嘴唇周围呈蓝黄色，也会让鼻子和前额出现红绿色。第2题的正确选 项是C.在七个选项中，C选项的意思是：他们发现每一种面部表情与某一个颜色相联系。C项应当是本段的中心 句，A for example 开始以及之后的两句话，happines makes our faces red around the cheecks and a
11、little blue around the chin.Disgust creates not only a blue-yellow color aroungd the lips,but also a red-green color around the nose and forehead.The two sentences are supporting details.这两句话是细节支持句。第四段内容完整，这是科学发现之二。阐释了情绪颜色构成图的生理原理。第五段,further deep thinking,进一步深度研究我们仅凭人们脸部颜色的变化就可以判断，区分别人的情绪， 还是需要同时借助
12、面部表情共同识别谈话者的情绪。很自然地，3题的正确选项为A,它的意思是:但是这也提出 了个问题，正好与它的下句话 Does the color alone or also facial expressions help people tell others emotions? 在逻辑上关系明确。第六段，科学家研究发现我们可以在没有面部表情的帮助下，仅凭脸部颜色的变化，识别他人的情绪和情感。 最后一句是本段的中心句。第一句,to figure this out,承上启下作用。scientists added color patterns to pictures of faces that sho
13、wed no facial expressions. E 选项 Then, volunteers were asked to tell what emotions the faces were showing,符合上下文逻辑关系，所以E选项正确。第七段，再次强调人们脸部颜色变化的事实与情绪之间的联系。The supporting ideas are the quotations from the Chinese proverbs,所以笫五题正确答案是 F, This is why there are some Chinese saying that connect emotions to the color of ones face.最后一步，将所选定的五项代入文章，再浏览全文，整体上把握文章的结构和逻辑。再次总结，归纳文章 主题，确保所选句子准确无误。归纳主旨大意的方法：分别概括每个段落的主要意思，找出说明对象，梳理文章结构，理清段落与段落， 句子与句子间的逻辑关系，总结整篇文章的主题。