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1、大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two.
2、Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation. Taking a look around, we can find that some graduates bus
3、tle around job markets, while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first several years after their graduation. First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn fr
4、om the seniors, it is advisable for him to find a job. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide the graduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively, however, only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their future developm
5、ent. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of undertaking something great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. He also finds some jobs before establishing his own career, laying a solid foundation for his later success.Consequently, it is of great necessity to fi
6、nd a job after graduation. I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more returns to our life and future.Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions
7、. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the
8、news report you have just heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in.H) provingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggestsN)tastes0) traditionalWhile the “average male and average female brains were _30_ different, you couldnt tell i
9、t by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small _31_ of people had “all-male or all-female characteristics.30. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigureA) percentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN)tastes0) traditionalLarry Cahill, an American neuroscientist
10、 (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning _32_ beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, _33_ of gender.31. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigureA) percentag
11、eprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggestsN)tastes0) traditional“Theres a mountain of evidence _34_ the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function, M he told The Seattle Times.34.A) abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingB) regardlesssearched
12、similaritiesslightlysuggestsN)tastesO) traditionalIf anything, he said, the study _35_ that gender plays a very important role in the brainz/even when we are not clear exactly how.”35.A) abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingE) challengesF) figurepercentageprovingG) regardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightl
13、ysuggestsN)tastes0) traditionalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more t
14、han once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A)Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isnt surprising that youll find plenty of s
15、trong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B)The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-th
16、irds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesnt even track those statis
17、tics.C)One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar(入室盗贼)might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you s
18、tick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system isarmed, theyll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting con
19、cernsbut what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, whats to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?DJJamming concerns are nothing new, and theyre not unique to security systems.
20、Any device that/s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, lets say you wanted to jam a conversation between two peopleall youd need to do is yell in the listeners ear.E)Security devices are re
21、quired to list the frequencies they broadcast onthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system theyre looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, thatd point them in the right direct
22、ion, though at that point, were talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. Its easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F)Wireless security providers will
23、 often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors Choice distinction, utilizes a special system thats capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks its being jammed, itll notify you via push aler
24、t (推送警报).From there, its up to you to sound the alarm manually.G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to
25、 our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it is possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafes anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the syste
26、m/s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.H) We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldnt be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it Even if they
27、could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldnt be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on
28、its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there arent any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.l)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right k
29、now-how, its possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?J) Lets imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is
30、 going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, hes going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while youre away, so the thief will still need to b
31、reak in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He/ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once hes inside and searc
32、hing for things to steal. However, hell need to do so without tripping the antijamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack t
33、hat makes up the majority of burglaries. Theyre also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate t
34、he worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.lt is possibl
35、e for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.【答案】I37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.【答案】D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outsid
36、e the house.【答案】J39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.【答案】F40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.【答案】B41.lt is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.【答案】H4
37、2.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.【答案】C43.Different measures should be taken to protect ones home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.【答案】K44.SimpliSafes device can send a warning to the house owners cellphone.
38、【答案】G45.Burglars can easily get a security devices frequency by Internet search.【答案】ESection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
39、the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn/t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the bee
40、rs he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. Thats because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because its an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly,
41、 I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping
42、! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One
43、 argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to
44、our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didnt believe the job they
45、did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perrys pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesnt ask you to do drunken math.46.What can we learn about Bill Perr
46、y from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.【答案】B47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A)lt sets a bad example for ot
47、her industries.B)lt adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.【答案】C.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B)They
48、believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.【答案】D.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)lt is in hu
49、man nature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.【答案】A.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employe