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1、专题08谓语动词的时态和语态命题方向重要指数考向一谓语动词的时态 (必考点)考向二谓语动词的语态(必考点)考向一谓语动词的时态。填题卷贫例 1|(2022江苏淮安中考真题)(过去进行时的用法)一I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didnt answer.I an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.A. was doingB. am doingC. didD. do【答案】A【详解】句意:我昨天下午3点给你打电话,你没接。我在学校实验室做化学实验。考查过去进行时。根据I called you at
2、 3 p.m. yesterday”可知,强调在过去的某个时间点,正在发生的动 作,用过去进行时。故选A。帆2| (2022江苏盐城中考真题)(现在完成时的用法)Millie a lol about sea-salt culture since shecame to Yancheng.A. learnsB. learnedC. will learnD. has learned【答案】D【详解】句意:自从米莉来到盐城以来,她学到了很多关于海盐文化的知识。考查动词时态。此处是since引导的时间状语从句,从句为一般过去时,主句应为现在完成时,结构是 have/has doneo 故选 D。瓯(20
3、22江苏南通中考真题)(过去时的用法)一 Miss Hu,【havent seen you for a long time.Yes. I as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.A. workedB. am working C. have worked D. work【答案】A【详解】句意:胡小姐,我好久没见到你了。是的。我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回 来的。考查一股过去时。根据“】came back yesterday”可知,昨天回来了,所以做志愿护士的动作发生在过去,用 一般过去时,故选
4、A。A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】B【详解】句意:在春天,瘦西湖里有这么多的游客。是啊,90%的游客是来自全国各地。考查一般现在时和主谓一致。is用于一般现在时,主语为单数概念时:arc用于一般现在时,主语为好数概 念或第二人称时;was用于一般过去时,主语为单数概念时;were用于一般过去时,主语为复数概念或第 二人称时。根据“ninety percent”可知此处指90%的游客,为复数意义,且意思表示这是一种常态,句子应 用一般现在时,因此be动词应用are。故选B。【变式 15(2022江苏省淮阴中学开明分校二模)Dont worry about being l
5、ate. I you up on time.A. wakeB. wokeC. will wakeD. am waking【答案】C【详解】句意:不要担心迟到。我会准时叫你的。考查动词时态。根据Dont worry aboul being late.”可知,wake动作发生在将来,应用一般将来时,其结构 为will+动词原形。故选Co【变式 16 (2022江苏徐州二模)Tom cant play football with us. He the classroom.A. is cleaningB. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. cleaned【答案】A【详解】句
6、意:汤姆不能和我们一起踢足球。他正在打扫教室。考查现在进行时。根据Tom cant play football with us.”可知,讲述的是现在的事,应该是正在打扫教室而 不能一起踢足球;用现在进行时;故选A。【变式 17(2022江苏盐城一模)一Can you answer the phone, Lucy? I the dishes.OK, Tin coming, mum.A. was doingB. have doneC. am doingD. will do【答案】C【详解】句意:Lucy,你能接一下电话吗?我正在洗碗。好的,妈妈。我就来。考查现在进行时。根据Can you answ
7、er the phone?”可知,此时妈妈不能接电话,故此处说明她正在做某 事,故用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选C。【变式18 (2022江苏无锡市天一实验学校二模)一Its (bund Ihal drinking carbonaled drinks (碳酸饮料)the risk of cancer.No wonder more and more people prefer tea and juice now.A. has increasedB. increasedC. increasesD. had increased【答案】C【详解】句意:人们发现饮用碳酸饮料会增加患癌症
8、的风险。难怪现在越来越多的人喜欢茶和果 汁。考查时态和语态。主语drinking carbonated drinks”与动词increase之间是主动关系,此处陈述一般事实,用 一般现在时,动名词作主语,动词用第三人称单数形式increases。故选C。考向二谓语动词的语态0黑豳四维.例1| (2022江苏盐城中考真题)(一般过去时的被动语态)Spud Webb at first because of his height,but he didnt lose heart.A. refusesB. refusedC. was refused D. will be refused【答案】C【详解】
9、句意:斯普德韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝,但他没有灰心。考查被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,即他被拒绝,故为被动语态。 结合“but he didnt lose heart ”可知,时态是一般过去时,故为一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were done。故选 Co忸I 2| (2021江苏徐州中考真题)(一般将来时的被动语态)The 19(h Asian Games in Hangzhou inSeptember 2022.1 cant wait!A. were heldB. will be held C. have heldD. are held
10、【答案】B【详解】句意:第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行,我等不及了。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据题干,可知主语“The 19th Asian Games(第十九届亚运会)和其谓语 “hold”(举行)之间是被动关系,且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态,因此设空处 应用一般将来时态的被动语态,即will be held符合语境,故选帆3| (2021江苏南京中考真题)(一般现在时的被动语态)Our school library with plants, lovelydesks and chairs, so I feel relaxed whil
11、e studying or reading there.A. decoratesB. decoratedC. is decorated D. was decorating【答案】C【详解】句意:我们学校的图书饵装饰着植物,可爱的书桌和椅子,所以我在那里学习或阅读时感到很放 松。考查般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知,主语和动词之间是动宾关系,故应用被动语态;结合语境, 应用一般现在时的被动语态,构成形式为:be done;主语“Our school library”是第三人称单数形式,故be 用is; decorate的过去分词是decorated。故选C。例4 (2021江苏镇江中考真题)(含
12、有情态动词的被动语态)More dinosaur fossils(化石),including footprints, bones or eggs, could in the future.A. discoverB. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering【答案】B【详解】句意:未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石,包括脚印、骨头或蛋。考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者,用含有情态动词 could的被动语态表示。故选Bo曲命题钮曲谓语动词的语态L概念:英语动词有两种语态,主
13、动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动 作的承受者,理解为“被2.结构:被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”,be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必 要指出动作的执行者,只强调突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。被动语态结构:be + Ved时态被动语态结构例子一般现在时am/is/are + Vedam/is/are planted一般过去时was/were + Vedwas/were planted一般将来时will be + Ved 或 be going to be + Vedwill be planted, be going to be pla
14、nted含情态动词can/may/must/should/could/need be + Vedcan/ may/ must/ should/could/ need be planted【易错警示】难点(1):动词短语变成被动语态时,要保持完整,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:The old are taken good care of in the old peoples home老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。难点(2):省略to的动词不定式,在被动语态中要还原t。主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态let sb. dobe let to domake sb. dobe made to dosee
15、sb. dobe seen to dohear sb. dobe heard to dowatch sb. dobe watched to dolisten (o sb. dobe listened to do例句:I noticed him get on (he bus.They make me work all day.He was noticed to get on the bus.I am made to work all day.难点(3):不用被动语态的词,常见的有:1 .五感官三变化两发生:look, smell, tastey feel, sound* become, get,
16、 turn, happenf take placeo如:The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。(不能用 are smelt)Great changes took place in China.中国发生了巨大变化。(不能用 were taken place). come out, belong to, break outy spread, appear, disappear 也不用被动语态。如:The CD came out yesterday.这个 CD 昨天就发行了。(不能用 was come out).某些可以和“well, easily, smoothly”连用的不
17、及物动词,且主语是物体,不用被动语态。这类词有: read, write, draw, wash, clean cook, sell, lock, open, cut。如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。(不能用 is written)This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。(不能用 is sold)难点(4): 一些易混淆的被动语态用法1 .have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事如:I have my TV repaired.=l have so
18、meone repair my TV.我请人修电视。2.It is said that. / It is believed that. / It is reported that.据说 / 据认为 / 据报道如:said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。3.grow表示种植时,有被动语态;grow表示成长,生长时,没有被动语态。如:Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。Rice grows well this year.水稻今年长得很好。(不能用is grown)4.sth
19、. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事如:The flowers need watering尸The flowers need to be watered.花需要浇水。难点(5):带双宾语的动词变被动语态:主动语态被动语态相同结构的动词give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.sb. be given sth.sth. be given to sb.send, pass, show, lend, write, bring, take, teach 等buy sb. sth.buy sth.
20、 for sb.sb. be bought sth.sth. be bought for sb.make. sing, cook, mend, get. choose, provide 等例句:1)(主动)He gave me the pen. /He gave the pen to me.(被动)I was given the pen. /The pen was given to me.2)(主动)We bought her the bike. /We bought the bike for her.(被动)She was bought the bike. /The bike was bou
21、ght for her.【变式1】(2022江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学三模)一Music and Art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true?一Yes. But dont worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention to them.A. will payB. will be paid C. paysD. is paid【答案】D【详解】句意:音乐和艺术进入中考,是真的吗?是的。但是别担心。如果对它们给予更多关 注,没有什么是困难的。考查时态和语态。根
22、据答句中的可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句,主句“Nothing will be difficult”为 一般将来时,故从句的时态应为一般现在时。从句的主语“more attention”和动词“pay”之间是被动关系,所 以语态为一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are+done。故选D。【变式 2 (2022江苏扬州市江都区第三中学二模)Its reported that 123 passengers and 9 crew members onboard China Eastern Flight MU5735 dead, which makes the whole country
23、fall into deep sadness.A. are confirmed B. were confirmed C. confirmsD. confirmed【答案】B【详解】句意:据报道,中国东方航空公司MU5735航班上的123名乘客和9名机务人员被确认死亡,这 使全国陷入深深的悲伤。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“123 passengers and 9 crew members”和谓语confirm之间是逻辑上 的动宾关系,应用被动语态,描述过去的事件时态为一般过去时,一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为 “was/were+done”,故选 B。【变式 3(2022江苏盐城市初
24、级中学三模)Ils reported that the school library into use next year.A. will putB. will be put C. has putD. has been put【答案】B【详解】句意:据报道,学校图书馆将于明年投入使用。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据next year”可知,句子时态为一般将来时;school library和put into use 之间为被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选B。【变式 4 (2022江苏南通模拟预测)Susan, why are you in the class
25、room? All your classmates are on the bus.一Im sorry, but I what time to get on the bus.A. am not tellB. didnt tellC. havent told D. wasnt told【答案】D【详解】句意:苏珊,你怎么在教室里?所有你的同学都在公共汽车上。对不起,我没有被告知 什么时候上车。考杳动词的时态和语态。根据AH your classmates arc on the bus和“sorry,可知回答表达之前没有被告知,动词用一般过去时的被动结构“wasnX told”。故选D.【变式 5(
26、2022江苏盐城市盐都区实验初中一模)Ifs so tiring to wash clothes by hand. When can we use the washing machine?Not until it tomorrow.A. repairsB. will repairC. is repairedD. will be repaired【答案】C【详解】句意:用手洗衣服太累了。我们什么时候可以使用洗衣机?直到明天修好。考查动词时态。此句是until引导的时间状语从句,主将从现,此句应用一般现在时,根据“it.tomorrow”可知主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,用被动时态,即此句时态为一
27、股现在时的被动语态。故选Co【变式 6】(2022江苏镇江模拟预测)The three-child policy to fight the drop in the nations birthrate and the challenge of a rapidly aging population last May.A. introducesB. is introducedC. introducedD. was introduced【答案】D【详解】句意:去年5月,为了应对出生率下降和人口迅速老龄化的挑战,出台了三胎政策。考查语态。句子主语与动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合last May”
28、可知,此处用一般过去时的被 动语态,故选D。【变式 7】(2022江苏宿迁三模)Now more and more people to do voluntary work for iheircommunities.A. have encouraged B. are encouraging C. were encouraged D. are encouraged【答案】D【详解】句意:现在越来越多的人被鼓励为当地社区做志愿工作。考杳被动语态。分析语境可知,people”和“encourage”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,结合时间状语“Now”可知,此句是一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词
29、过去分词。故选D。【变式8 (2022江苏苏州市金阊实验中学校一模)The problem is a little bit complicated (复杂的).h needs again.A. discussedB. discussingC. discussD. to discuss【答案】B【详解】句意:这个问题有点复杂。需要再讨论-一下。考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的problem,与动词discuss之间是被动关系,need doing sth=nccd to be done,所以此空应填discussing,故选B。【变式 9(2022江苏镇江模拟预测)The light in t
30、he room before you leave.A. must turn offB. will turn offC. must be turned off【答案】C【详解】句意:在你离开之前,必须把房间里的灯关掉。考查被动语态。turnoiT关掉,动词短语:根据“灯”是“被关掉”可知,此处要用被动语态;含情态动词的 被动语态为:情态动词+be+过去分词。结合结构,故选C。【变式 10 (2022江苏镇江模以预测)Gu Ailing in both China and many other countries because ofher amazing skiing skills.A. rem
31、embers B. is remembered C. is remembering D. remembered【答案】B【详解】句意:谷爱凌在中国和许多其他国家都因其惊人的滑雪技巧而被铭记。 考查动词时态及被动语态。“谷爱凌”和动词“remember”之间存在被动关系,即谷爱凌被记住,故为被动语 态;此处陈述客观事实,应为一般现在时,故此处是一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。【变式 11 (2022江苏连云港二模)一Have you heard that the big event until next year?Yes, I have. Because the disease is very s
32、erious all over the world.A. is put offB. was putted offC. would be put offD. will be put off【答案】D【详解】句意:听说这个大项目要推迟到明年吗?一是的,我听说了。因为这个疾病在全世界都很 严重。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语next year “明年”,可知,句子时态为一般将来时态;主语the big event和动词put off是被动关系,故句子为一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是:will be +过去分词。故选Do【变式 12 (2022可北保定三模)A new subway in Sh
33、ijiazhuang, it will make people go out moreeasily.A. buildsB. is buildingC. will buildD. will be built【答案】D【详解】句意:石家庄将建一条新的地铁,它将使人们出门更方便。考查被动语态。主语A new subway”和动词“build”存在被动关系,根据“it will make people go out more easily”可知,时态为一般将来时,故此处要用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done。故选D, 【变式 131(2022山东无棣县教育科学研究中心二模)一Clau
34、dia, are you going to Jeffs birthday party onSaturday?Unless I.A. invitedB. will be invited C. was inviting D. am invited【答案】D【详解】句意:克劳迪娅,你周六会去杰夫的生日派对吗?一除非我被邀请了。考查被动语态。主语“I”和动词“invite”存在被动关系,要用被动语态;再根据Unless I.”可知,此处省略了 主句;unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现“,因此此处要用一般现在时的被动语态be done;主语为 T, be动词用am, invite的过去分词为i
35、nvited。故选D。【变式 14 (2022重庆市育才中学二模)The old should in our society.A. be take good care ofB. take good care ofC. be taken good care ofD. are taken good care of【答案】C【详解】句意:老年人在我们社会中应当受到很好的照料。考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句子主语The old“老年人”与动词短语take good care of,照料”存在逻辑上的 被动语态,根据should”可知该句为含有情态动词的被动语态,其结构为:should be+过去分词。
36、动词lake 的过去分词为laken。故选C。【变式 15 (2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)The little boy by the big one this morning.A. was made to cryB. made to cryC. was made cry【答案】A【详解】句意:小男孩今天早上被那个大男孩弄哭了。考查动词时态。根据by the big one”可知,本句需用被动语态,可排除B选项;固定短语make sb. do sth.表示“使某人做某事“,其被动语态是sb. be made to do sth.“被迫做某事”。故选A。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空【变式 16(2
37、022西藏模拟预测)A number of trees(plant) last year.【答案】were planted【详解】句意:去年种了许多树。分析句子可知,主语“A number of trees”和谓语动词plant之间是被动关 系,又因为时间状语是“last year”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”, 主语为复数形式,,be动词用were, plant过去分词为planted,故填were planted。【变式 17(2022江苏无锡市华庄中学二模)Nowadays, our whole life(record) online thro
38、ugh all kinds of digital devices.(数码设备)【答案】is recorded【详解】句意:如今,我们的整个生活都通过各种数字设备被记录在网上。根据our whole life.online through all kinds of digital devices.”以所给单词提示可知,此处表示“被记录”,因此用被动语态,又由 “nowadays”,因此此处用一般现在时的被动语态,其谓语动词是“be+done”,主语是“our whole lifb”,be动 词用“is,record 的过去分词为“recorded”。故填 is recorded。【变式 18 (
39、2022江苏无锡外国语学校二模)Tom put his pocket money in a secret place, but later he forgot where it(hide).【答案】was hidden 亟(2022江苏泰州中考真题)(现在进行时的用法)COVID-19(新冠肺炎)the world, and many peoples life changes a lot.A. influencedB. is influencing C. is influenced D. was influenced【答案】B【详解】句意:新冠肺炎正在影响世界,许多人的生活发生了很大变化。考查
40、现在进行时。新冠肺炎影响世界是正在发生的,用现在进行时,故选忸I目(2022江苏扬州中考真题)(一般现在时的用法)Xia Sen a simple life and saves her moneyfor donations.A. livesB. livedC. was livingD. will live【答案】A【详解】句意:夏森过着简朴的生活,攒钱捐款。考杳动词时态。根据and saves her money for donations”可知句子描述现在的情况,用一般现在时,主语是 第三人称单数,谓语动词用单三。故选A。命题或南,谓语动词的时态【详解】句意:汤姆把零用钱放在一个秘密的地方,
41、但后来他忘了它藏在哪里了。hide“隐藏”,是动词。 主语it和动词之间是被动关系,结合“he forgot”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词用 was。故填 was hiddeno【变式 19 (2023江苏无锡外国语学校一模)Happiness is achieved through hard work. Keep working hard.时态含义结构时间状语一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在 的状态。am / is / are或其他动 词的一般现在时形式usually, always, often, every day 等一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在 的状态,也
42、可表示过去经常 性的动作。was / were或其他动 词的过去式形式yesterday, in 1992, last year, three days ago 等现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行 的动作或发生的事。am / is / are+动词-ing 形式now, at the moment 等一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在 的状态。be going to / will+动 词原形tomorrow, next week, in the future 等过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内正在 发生的事情或行为。was/were +动词-ing 形式at 2:00 yesterday, a
43、t this time yesterday while / when, then / at that time / at that moment; when myYou(pay) back sooner or later.【答案】will be paid【详解】句意:幸福是通过努力获得的。继续努力。你迟早会得到回报的。根据“H叩piness is achieved through hard work”可知,幸福通过努力获得,持续努力将会获得回报,所以You和动词pay之间是被动关 系,使用般将来时,结构是will be done,故填will be paid。【变式 20(2022江苏镇江模拟
44、预测)Jane was almost(drive) mad by the noise next door.【答案】driven【详解】句意:简差点被隔壁的吵闹声给逼疯了。根据“mad by the noise next door.”以及所给单词可知, 此处用被动语态,表示被逼疯,应用动词过去分词,“drive”的过去分词形式为“driven”。故填driven。【变式21 (2022江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模)What a mess! Those shared-bikes(throw) all around. Lets put them in the right place.【答案】are
45、 thrown【详解】句意:真是一团糟!那些共享单车到处乱扔。让我们把它们放在正确的地方。主语“Those shared-bikes”和谓语“throw扔”之间是被动关系,且描述现在的情况,用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/arc done,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故填are thrown。【变式 22 (2022廿肃武威模拟预测)What people want cannot always be(express) in money.【答案】expressed【详解】句意:人们所想要的不可能总是用钱来表达。What people wan亡人们所想要的“主语从句,和谓语 express
46、“表达”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,根据cannot”可知其谓语结构为“情态动词 +be+done”,故填 expressed。【变式 23 (2022江苏泰州二模)一When will wc go out to buy sonic vegetables?一Dear, as soon as my work(do).【答案】is done【详解】句意:我们将什么时候出去买一些蔬菜? 亲爱的,我的工作一做完就去。主语mywork 和谓语do之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;as soon as“一就”引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现的原则,所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,其谓语结构为
47、“be+done”,主语my work为第三人称单数,应用is,故填is done。【变式 24 (2022湖南永州模拟预测)A lot of jewelry(steal) from the shop at the end of the street the other day.【答案】was stolen【详解】句意:前几天,街道尽头的商店里有很多珠宝被盗。此处的主语A lot of jewelry与动词steal之间 应该是被动关系;结合语境分析,此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是:was/were+动词的过去分 词;主语jewelry是不可数名词,因此be动词用was。故填was stoleno【变式 25(2022江苏兴化市教师发展中心二模)I will feel very honored if I(choose) to be our team leader.【答案】am chosen【详解】句意:如果我被选为我们的队长,我将感到非常荣幸。此处I和choose之间为被动关系,使用被 动语态,if引导的条件从句使用一般现在时,主语为I,使用be