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1、广东省广州市2022年中考英语一模试题一、语法选择（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A lot of big cities, like London, have got many traffic problems. a journey of a few kilometers 2 take more than an hour. So what s the best way to get 3 London? For a very short journey, it s p
2、robably a good idea to walk. But what happens 4 you want to go further?The hosts of a popular TV car show decided to find out. Each of the hosts chose a different type of transport 5 the same 27-kilometer journey. One host went by bike. One went by car. 6 chose public transportthe underground and th
3、e bus一and the last one travelled by speedboat up the River Thames. They 7 started at the same time and the same place in West London, but who 8 to City Airport in East London first? The bike came first in9. In second place was the speedboat. Public transport came third and the car was last.So the ho
4、sts had 10 answer. The bike was 11 than all the other types of transport and the car was slower. They weren t very happy 12 the result because they wanted the car to win. They made a joke and said that the bike wasn t a real winner 13 it was more dangerous.But, of course, the bike 14 the real winner
5、. It s the best way to get about. It s cheaper than public transport and healthier for you than a car. It s also better for 15 cities because bikes don t pollute the air.1.A.Some timeB.SometimeC.SometimesD.Some times2.A.canB.mustC.needD.shall3.A.throughB.overC.acrossD.past4.A.thatB.howC.whereD.when5
6、.A.makeB.to makeC.makingD.made6.A.OtherB.The otherC.AnotherD.Others7.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.all8.A.gotB.getC.getsD.will get9.A.surpriseB.a surpriseC.surprisesD.surprisingC. Some stories and meanings behind chopsticks. D. Different materials used in making chopsticks.3033题答案】【答案】30. C 31. A 32. B 33.
7、C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的开展，材质，寓意以及使用筷子的好处。【30题详解】词义猜想题。根据 uamong which the most expensive ones are made of elephant tusks and the green stone. Those showed how wealthy the owners were”可知，用象牙和绿色的石头制作的筷子显示了主人 有多富有，所以 those 指代“Elephant tusks and green stone chopsticks”，应选 C。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据 “It was said that
8、 silver chopsticks would turn black immediately if they touched poisoned food (but we know it was wrong today), so in history many kings and emperors used silver chopsticks to check whether the food was bad for them or not before eating” 可知，他们试图避 免被有毒食物杀死，应选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段至第三段的介绍可知，筷子不仅是吃饭的工具，也
9、是文化的一局部，应选B。33题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了与筷子有关的一些事情，用C选项“筷子背后的一些故事和含义”概括本文 的主题大意最符合，应选C。(C)The Truth About LyingIs it ever better to tell a lie rather than the truth? If so, when?Most of us are taught to believe that lying is wrong. But it seems that everybody tells lies一not big lies, but what we call “white
10、lies” . If we believe that lying is wrong. Why do we do it?10Most of the time, people have very good reasons for lying. For example, they might want to protect a friendship, or someones feelings. So, when do we lie? A recent study found that the average person lies about seven times a day. Here are
11、some ways and reasons.# 1 Lying to hide something: People often lie because they want to hide something from someone. For example, a son doesn t tell his parents that he s dating because he doesn, t think they will like her. Instead, he says he s going out with the guys.# 2 Lying to make an excuse:
12、Sometimes people lie because they don t want to do something.For example, someone invites you to a party. You think it will be boring, so you say you re busy.# 3 Lying to make someone feel good: Often we stretch the truth to make someone feel good.For example, your friend cooks dinner for you. But i
13、t tastes terrible. Do you say so? No, you probably say, “Mmm, this is delicious!# 4 Lying to avoid sharing bad news: Sometimes we don t want to tell someone bad news. For example, you have just had a very bad day at work. But you don t feel like talking about it. So if someone asks you about your da
14、y, you just say that everything was fine.34. Which of the following is true about lying?A. All of us seem to believe that lying is wrong. B. Big lies are usually called “white lies” .C. People often lie to express their emotions. D. People sometimes lie to care about others feelings.35. Someone you
15、don t like invites you to a movie, so you say, I ve already seen it. In this situation, you tell a lie to .A. hide something. B. make an excuse. C. make someone feel good. D. avoid sharing bad news.36. What is the topic of the passage?A. Family education B. Traditional culture C. Interpersonal commu
16、nication D. Historical research【3436题答案】【答案】34. D 35. B 36. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在人际交往中，我们有时候不得不说一些谎话，本文介绍了四种说谎的方式 和原因。11【34题详解】细节理解题。 根据 people have very good reasons for lyingthey might want to protect a friendship, or someone? s feelings.”可知，有时人们撒谎是为了照顾某人的感受。应选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据 “Lying to make an exc
17、use: Sometimes people lie because they don t want to do something. 可知，你不喜欢的人邀请你去看电影，你说“我已经看过了。，这种情况属于找借口撒 谎。应选B。【36题详解】最正确标题题。通读全文可知，文章讲的是撒谎的方式和原因，而这些都是人际交往的一局部。因此C选项 “人际交往”为最正确标题。应选C。（D）Every year, runners all over the world challenge themselves in marathons一long running events that go on for tens
18、of kilometers. On Oct. 12, 2019, Eliud Kipchoge ran a record-breaking marathon. He finished a 422-kilometer-long marathon in just 1 hour, 59 minutes and 40 seconds. The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon of this length in less than two hours.“I can tell
19、 people that no human is limited. I expect more people all over the world to run under two hours after today, “ Kipchoge told NBC Sports.Apart from Kipchoge? s hard work, a few science and technology tricks also helped him make history.Hills and turns slow runners down. Kipchoge s team picked a rout
20、e in Vienna for its gentle curves （弯曲度）.The city s cool and dry weather also helped keep Kipchoge s body running more efficiently （有效土也） according to Wired magazine.A special pair of shoes also played a big part. The bottom of the shoes have a special kind of material, which can take in a runner? s
21、energy when their feet meet the ground. Then it returns part of the energy to the runner, which helped Kipchoge run faster.Kipchoge had a dream team of pacers （酉己速员）as well. Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge, which reduced drag （阻力）.Two runners followed directly behind to push him forw
22、ard. The 41-member team took turns running every 5 kilometers. Kipchoge stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the whole race. A pace car drove in front of everyone and cast a laser beam （投射 激光束）on the road, keeping the team at the right pace.12“Few world records today are technology-free, “ The Te
23、legraph said.37. Kipchoge was the first person toA. break a marathon recordA. break a marathon recordB.finish a 42. 2-km-long marathon in two hoursC. become an Olympic champion in KenyaC. become an Olympic champion in KenyaD.run a full-length marathon in Kenya38. What do we know about Kipchoge, acco
24、rding to39. What do we know about Kipchoge, according toWired magazine?A He trained to handle sharp hills and turns in Vienna.B. He trained in cool and dry weather.C. He always wore a pair of specially-designed shoes.D. He ran 5 kilometers every day before the race.40. What do Paragraph 4 to 6 try t
25、o explain?A.Kipchoge s win was a result of teamwork.B.Kipchoge worked harder than other runners.C.Science andtechnology played a role in Kipchoge s win.D.Keeping theright pace was the key to Kipchoges success.40. What mightthe author write about in thenext paragraph of the story?A. Kipchoge sfuture
26、plans.B. Other marathon runners.C. Technology companies that help athletes.D. Technology that has helped other athletes.【3740题答案】【答案】37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了 Eliud Kipchoge跑了一场创纪录的马拉松比赛，本文详细地分析了他成功的原因。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据 “The 34year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person t
27、o run amarathon ofthis length in less than two hours”可知，他成为了第一个在两小时之内跑完马拉松的人，应选B。38题详解】推理判断题。根据 The city s cool and dry weather also helped keep Kipchoge s body running moreefficiently（有效地）according to Wired magazine可知，他在凉爽干燥的天气训练，应选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。 根据 The city s cool and dry weather also helped keep
28、 Kipchoge s body running more13efficiently （有效地）according to Wired magazine” “A special pair of shoes also played a big partn以及“Kipchoge had a dream team of pacers （配速员）as well”可知，第四段到第六段主要解 释了科学和技术在他的胜利中发挥了作用，应选C。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据“Few world records today are technology-free可知，本文主要介绍了除了他个人 的努力，他的成功也离不
29、开科学技术的帮助，由此可推断接下来会介绍科学技术为其他运发动提供的帮助， 应选Do第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每题1分，总分值5分）阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。41 It could have been the time when you pronounced a simple word wrong in class, wore your T-shirt backwards, talked about someone else without realizing that they were right behind you, or secretl
30、y tried to take a picture of someone while the flash was on.Though these embarrassing moments don t harm us a lot, they come back from time to time and make us feel upset. Even if these moments may have faded after some time, we would always remember the feeling of strong embarrassment. 42 When thes
31、e kinds of feelings return, they are known as a ucringe attack （羞愧综合症）”.I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when I think back on a party my parents took me to when I was younger.43 My parents shouted at me一in front of everyone一for being soselfish. From then on, every time I put a strawber
32、ry into my mouth, my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back.Why do these “cringe attacks” still pop up in our daily lives even though the actual events happened weeks, months, or even years ago? According to researchers, our brains give special attention to feelings that can be easily notice
33、d. 44 If you have a highly embarrassing or highly emotional moment, no matter what it is, your brain will try to catch it.45 Well, we can start by trying to be more objective about our past selves. Consider that you are not alone in your embarrassment一everyone fails or makes silly, embarrassing mist
34、akes. Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better.A. The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be.B. In fact, these feelings may last for years.C. I ate a bowl of strawberries by mys
35、elf.14So how can we deal with this?D. All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments.【4广45题答案】【答案】41. E 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了生活中常见的尴尬现象以及如何去应对这些情况。1题详解】根据 It could have been the time when you pronounced a simple word wrong in class, wore your T-shirt backwards, talked ab
36、out someone else without realizing that they were right behind you, or secretly tried to take a picture of someone while the flash was on. ” 可矢口，在课堂上念错了 一个简单的单词、把T恤穿反、谈论别人却没有意识到他们就在你身后或者在闪光灯亮着的时候偷偷给别 人拍照，这些都是令人尴尬的时刻。选项E “我们所有人都可能经历过尴尬的时刻”符合语境，应选E。42题详解】根据 Even if these moments may have faded after s
37、ome time, we would always remember the feeling of strong embarrassment. 可知，即使这些时刻在一段时间后已经消逝，我们也会永远记得那种强烈的 尴尬感，所以这种感觉可能会持续多年。选项B “事实上，这种感觉可能会持续多年”符合语境，应选B。【43题详解】根据 uFrom then on, every time I put a strawberry into my mouth, my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back. ”可知，此处提到了一次吃草莓的经历，选项C “我一
38、个人吃了一碗草莓”符合 语境，应选C。【44题详解】根据 uAccording to researchers, our brains give special attention to feelings that can be easily noticed.可知，我们的大脑会特别关注那些容易被注意到的感觉，此处与“感觉”相关，选项A “感觉越 强烈，记忆就越深刻”符合语境，应选A。【45题详解】根据 “Well, we can start by trying to be more objective about our past selves. Consider that you are no
39、t alone in your embarrassment一everyone fails or makes silly, embarrassing mistakes. Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better. 可知，此处在介绍应该如何应对这些情况，选项D “那么我 们该如何处理这个问题呢”符合语境，应选D。四、写作（共三节，总分值30分）15第一
40、节语篇填词(共1小题；每题5分，总分值5分)根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。It was the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, the semifinal of the 400 meters. The sun was shining, and the crowd was r 46 for a great race. The athlete Derek Redmond was a top runner. He had a very good chance of winning a medal.The race began. At first
41、Derek was running well. Then after about 150 meters, he felt a pain in his leg. He fell down on one k 47 He had a bad injury and couldn, t continue. The other runners went past him and finished the race.After about five seconds Derek got up and started to run again, on one leg o 48 Someofficials tri
42、ed to stop him, but he kept going. The crowd stood up and started to clap. Then another man came onto the track一Derek s father, Jim. His father put his arm around him and said, “Derek, you don t have to do this. Derek r 49, “Yes, I do. I have to finish. And so togetherthey walked the last 50 meters
43、and crossed the line.When he finally crossed the line, Derek was crying, and 60, 000 people were c 50 him.【4650题答案】【答案】46. (r)eady 47. (k)nee 48. (o)nly. (r)eplied49 . (c)heering【解析】【导语】本文讲述了运发动Derek Redmond在比赛时腿受伤，但是他还是冲向了终点线。【46题详解】句意：阳光明媚，人群为一场伟大的比赛做好了准备。根据“ and the crowd wasfor a great race. ” 和
44、首字母可知,此处指观众已准备好，be ready for sth,表示“为做好准备”，ready “准备好的”， 形容词。故填(r) eady。47题详解】句意：他单膝跪下。根据He fell down on one”和首字母可知，此处指膝盖跪下，knee “膝盖”， 名词，one后跟单数名词。故填(k)nee。【48题详解】句意：大约五秒钟后，德里克站了起来，开始再次跑步，只用一条腿。根据“on one leg”和首字母可知， 此处强调只用一条腿，only只，副词。故填(o)nly。16【49题详解】句意：德里克回复：“是的，我知道。我必须完成。根据“ Derek, you don t ha
45、ve to do this. Derek , Yes, I do. I have to finish. 可知，此处是德里克回复对方，reply “回复，动词， 文章时态是一般过去时,reply的过去式为“replied。故填(r)eplied。【50题详解】句意：当他终于冲过终点线时，德里克哭了，60000人在为他欢呼。根据When he finally crossed the line, Derek was crying, and 60, 000 people werehim. 和首字母可知，德鲁克做到了,于是六万人为他 欢呼，cheer “欢呼”，动词，和主语为主动关系，were表示时态为
46、过去进行时，应用现在分词cheering。 故填(c) heeringo第二节完成句子(共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分)根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成以下句子。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)50 .老师建议他用另一种方式处理自己的困境。The teacher advised him to in a different way.【51题答案】【答案】 .deal.with .his .predicament【解析】【详解】deal with 处理；advise sb to do sth ”建议某人去做某事；predicament “困境”，故填 deal； with； his； predicam
47、ento.教室里的电脑是用来学习的。Computers in the classrooms .【52题答案】【答案】 .are .used .for .learning【解析】【详解】be used for doing sth ”被用来做某事”，时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are； learn 学 习 o 故填 are； used； for； learningo.谢谢你提醒我。我完全忘了要开会。Id forgotten about the meeting.53题答案】【答案】 .Thanks .for .reminding .me【解析】【详解】thanks for doing sth ”因某事感谢；remind “提醒”，me “我”，人称代词宾格作宾语，for17介词，后跟动名词的形式。故填Thanks； for； reminding； me。51 .我们赢了！这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊！We won! it is!54题答案】【答案】,What .exciting .news【解析】【详解】根据中英文比照可知，exciting “令人兴奋的”，形容词，修饰“物” ；news “消息”，不可数 名词，exciting news “令人兴奋的消息”；感叹句中心词是名词news,所以使用What引导感叹句，