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1、AuthorCharacter ListPlotThemesBirthday:November29,1832Died:March6,1888(aged55)Birthplace:Germantown,PennsylvaniaShewastheseconddaughterShenevermarriedorhadafamilyofherownHerFamilyHerWorksExperiencesPoems(56)-Sunlight(in1852)Plays(11)-ThePrinceandthePeasantShortStories(252)teenagerShortStories(157)-T
2、heAccidentBackWindowAdultShortStories(66)-FateinaFanOtherShortStories(29)-AnnaNovels(18)-LittleWomenLittleMenCollectiveWorks(24)OtherWorks(25)-HappyWomenShe was a tomboy and she had an unladylike temperShe received the majority of her schooling from her father.She also received some instruction from
3、 writers and educators such as Ralph Waldo Emerson Poverty made it necessary for Louise to go to work at an early age as an occasional teacher,seamstress,governess,domestic helper,and writer,Louise also produced wholesome stories for children,and she did not return to creating works for adults When
4、the Civil War broke out in 1861,Alcott had an urge to go and fight in it.She supported the Northern side of the conflict because she was against slavery.Alcott was devoted to her parents and her sisters.Alcott caught pneumonia（肺炎）while working as a nurse in the Civil War.She suffered a lot.Herfather
5、failedtoprovideenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily,andtheirpovertywassodirethatintwentyyears,theymovedtwentytimes.HersisterLizziediedatage21,worsestill,herlittlebrotherdiedininfancy.JosephineMarch pTheprotagonistofthenovel,andthesecond-oldestMarchsister.Jowantstobeawriter.pJohasatemperandaquicktongue.pShe
6、isatomboy,andreactswithimpatiencetothemanylimitationsplacedonwomenandgirls.pShehatesromanceinherreallife,andwantsnothingmorethantoholdherfamilytogether.MegMarchpThe oldest March sister.p Responsible and kind,Meg mothers her younger sisters.p She has a small weakness for luxury and leisure,but the gr
7、eater part of her is gentle and loving.BethMarch pThethirdMarchdaughter.Bethisveryquietandveryvirtuous,andshedoesnothingbuttrytopleaseothers.Sheadoresmusicandplaysthepianoverywell.AmyMarchpTheyoungestMarchgirl.Amyisanartistwhoadoresvisualbeautyandhasaweaknessforprettypossessions.pSheisgiventopouting
8、,fitsoftemper,andvanity;butshedoesattempttoimproveherself.pShegetswhatshewantsintheend:popularity,thetriptoEurope,andLaurie.LaurieLaurence p TherichboywholivesnextdoortotheMarches.Laurie,becomeslikeasonandbrothertotheMarches.pHeischarming,clever,andhasagoodheart.pLauriestruggleswithhisgrandfathersex
9、pectationsofhim.Heisnotmanlyenoughforhisgrandfatherbecausehedoesnotwanttoenterthebusinessworld.Marmee-TheMarchgirlsmother.Marmeeisthemoralrolemodelforhergirls.Shecounselsthemthroughalloftheirproblemsandworkshardbuthappilywhileherhusbandisatwar.Mr.March-TheMarchgirlsfatherandMarmeeshusband.Heservesin
10、theUnionarmyasachaplain.Whenhereturnshome,hecontinuesactingasaministertoanearbyparish.Mr.Brooke-Lauriestutor.Mr.Brookeispoorbutvirtuous.FrederickBhaer-ArespectedprofessorinGermanywhobecomesanimpoverishedlanguageinstructorinAmerica.Mr.BhaerlivesinNewYork,wherehemeetsJo.Heiskindandfatherly.AuntMarch-A
11、richwidowandoneoftheMarchgirlsaunts.Althoughcrotchetyanddifficult,AuntMarchlovesherniecesandwantsthebestforthem.The story begins on Christmas Eve.Marmee comes home with a letter from Mr.March,the girls father,who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War.The letter inspires the girls to bear t
12、heir burdens more cheerfully and not to complain about their poverty.On Christmas morning,Marmee encourages them to give away their breakfast to a poor family,the Hummels.Their elderly wealthy neighbor,Mr.Laurence,whom the girls have never met,rewards their charitable activities by sending over a fe
13、ast.Soon,Meg and Jo are invited to attend a New Years Partythere meets Laurie,One dark day,the family receives a telegram saying that Mr.March is sick in the hospital in Washington,D.C.Marmee goes to tend to him,and Jo sells her hair to help finance the trip.Beth goes to visit the Hummels,and contra
14、cts scarlet fever from the Hummel baby.Beth teeters on the brink of death until Marmee returns.Meanwhile,Amy spends time at Aunt Marchs house in order to escape the disease.Beth recovers,though not completelyThree years pass,Mr.March is home from the war,Meg marries and moves into a new home with Mr
15、.Brooke who is Lauries tutor.Amy gets to go to Paris for study instead of Jo,because Amys good behavior wins her Aunts praise.Then Jo moves to New York.There meets Professor Bhaer,a poor German language instructor.Since Amy is ill seriously,Jo returns home,Laurie proposes to her,but she turns him do
16、wn.Beth soon dies.Amy and Laurie reunite in France,and they fall in love.They marry and return home.Professor Bhaer comes for Jo,they marry later.The novel ends with the family happily gathered together,each sister thankful for her blessings and for each other.Womens Struggle Between Familial Duty a
17、nd Personal GrowthIn the novel,an emphasis on domestic duties and family detracts from various womens abilities to attend to their own personal growth.The Danger of Gender StereotypingLittle Women questions the validity of gender stereotypes,both male and female.Alcott bestows the highest esteem upo
18、n Jo and Laurie,who,in their refusal to embody gender stereotypes,willing to be themselves.The Necessity of WorkThe novel demonstrates the importance of the Puritan work ethic,which dictates that it is holy to do work.Alcott ultimately recommends work not as a means to a material end,but rather as a
19、 means to the expression of inner goodness and creativity through productivity.The Importance of Being Genuine Alcott emphasized the importance of paying more attention to the inner spiritual self than to temporary,earthly conditions like wealth and impressive appearances,and he incorporates this philosophy into Little Women.