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1、Chapter81IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter 8-Determining Process and Measurement Systems CapabilityChapter82IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chap
2、ter83IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.LearningObjectivesChapter84IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProcessCapabilityNaturaltolerancelimitsaredefinedasfol
3、lows:Naturaltolerancelimitsaredefinedasfollows:Chapter85IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Usesofprocesscapabilitydata:Chapter86IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&So
4、ns,Inc.ProcessmayhavegoodpotentialcapabilityReasonsforPoorProcessCapabilityChapter87IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter88IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&So
5、ns,Inc.Chapter89IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter810IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ProbabilityPlottingChapter811IntroductiontoStatisticalQualit
6、yControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Thedistributionmaynotbenormal;othertypesofprobabilityplotscanbeusefulindeterminingtheappropriatedistribution.Chapter812IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,In
7、c.Chapter813IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter814IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.For the hard bake process:Chapter815IntroductiontoStatisticalQua
8、lityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.One-SidedPCRChapter816IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InterpretationofthePCRChapter817IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC
9、.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ViolationoftheseassumptionscanleadtobigtroubleinusingthedatainTable8.2.AssumptionsforInterpretationofNumbersinTable8.2Chapter818IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter819Introduc
10、tiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Cp doesnottakeprocesscenteringintoaccountItisameasureofpotentialcapability,notactualcapabilityChapter820IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley
11、&Sons,Inc.AMeasureofActualCapabilityChapter821IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NormalityandProcessCapabilityRatiosTheassumptionofnormalityiscriticaltotheusualinterpretationoftheseratios(suchasTable8.2)Fornon-normaldata,options
12、are1.Transformnon-normaldatatonormal2.ExtendtheusualdefinitionsofPCRstohandlenon-normaldata3.ModifythedefinitionsofPCRsforgeneralfamiliesofdistributionsChapter822IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.OtherTypesofProcessCapabilityRa
13、tiosFirstgenerationSecondgenerationThirdgenerationLotsofresearchhasbeendonetodevelopratiosthatovercomesomeoftheproblemswiththebasiconesNotmuchevidencethattheseratiosareusedtoanysignificantextentinpracticeChapter823IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)20
14、09JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter824IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter825IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter826IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityCon
15、trol,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter827IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter828IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Son
16、s,Inc.Chapter829IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Process Capability Analysis using Control ChartsChapter830IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.SinceLSL=200
17、Chapter831IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter832IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter833IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDoug
18、lasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter834IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter835IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.7.8GaugeandMeas
19、urementSystemsCapabilityStudiesDeterminehowmuchoftheobservedvariabilityisduetothegaugeormeasurementsystemIsolatethecomponentsofvariabilityinthemeasurementsystemAssesswhetherthegaugeiscapable(suitablefortheintendedapplication)Chapter836IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Mont
20、gomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter837IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter838IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter839Introductionto
21、StatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.The P/T ratio:Chapter840IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter841IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montg
22、omery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.EstimatingtheVarianceComponentsChapter842IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter843IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Son
23、s,Inc.ThegaugeisnotcapablebythiscriterionChapter844IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.DiscriminationRatioChapter845IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Accura
24、cyandPrecisionWe have focused only on precisionChapter846IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.GaugeR&RStudiesChapter847IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Gaug
25、eR&RStudiesAreUsuallyConductedwithaFactorialExperimentChapter848IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.This is a two-factor factorial experimentANOVA methods are used to analyze the data and yo estimate the variance componentsChapte
26、r849IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter850IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter851IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.M
27、ontgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter852IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter853IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Negativeestimatesofav
28、ariancecomponentwouldleadtofillingareducedmodel,suchas,forexample:Chapter854IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter855IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
29、ForthisExampleChapter856IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.OtherTopicsinGaugeR&RStudiesSection8.7.3providesadescriptionofmethodstoobtainconfidenceintervalsonthevariancecomponentsandmeasuresofgaugeR&RSection8.7.4presentsanewmeasu
30、reofgaugecapability,theprobabilitiesofmisclassificationofpartsRejectinggoodunits(producersrisk)Passingbadunits(consumersrisk)MethodsforcalculatingthesetwoprobabilitiesaregivenChapter857IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.8.7.5Att
31、ributeGaugeCapabilitySometimestheoutputofagaugeisntnumericalitsjustpass/failNominalorordinaldataisalsocommonOccursfrequentlyinservicebusinessesCommonsituationdooperatingpersonnelconsistentlymakethesamedecisionsregardingtheunitstheyareinspectingoranalyzingExampleabankusesmanualunderwritingofmortgagel
32、oansTheunderwriterusesinformationtoclassifytheapplicantintooneoffourcategories;declineorcategory1,2,3categories2&3arelow-riskand1ishighriskCompareunderwritersperformancerelativetoa“consensus”evaluationdeterminedbyapanelof“experts”Chapter858IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC
33、.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Thirty applicants,three underwritersEach underwriter evaluates each application twiceThe applications are“blinded”by removing names,SSNs,addresses,and other identifying informationChapter859IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Mo
34、ntgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.AttributeGaugeCapabilityDeterminetheproportionoftimethattheunderwriteragreeswithhim/herselfthismeasuresrepeatabilityDeterminetheproportionoftimethattheunderwriteragreeswiththecorrectclassificationthismeasuresbiasMinitabperformstheanalysisusingtheattributea
35、greementanalysisroutineChapter860IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter861IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter862IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityC
36、ontrol,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.8.8SettingSpecificationsonDiscreteComponentsComponentsinteractwithothercomponentsComplexassembliesTolerancestack-upproblemsLinearcombinationsNonlinearcombinationsChapter863IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDo
37、uglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter864IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter865IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter866Int
38、roductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter867IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter868IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgome
39、ry.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Difference between tolerance limits and confidence limits Nonparametric tolerance limits can also be calculated8.9EstimatingtheNaturalToleranceLimitsofaProcessFor a normal distribution with unknown mean and variance:Chapter869IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityCont
40、rol,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter870IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Chapter871IntroductiontoStatisticalQualityControl,6thEditionbyDouglasC.Montgomery.Copyright(c)2009JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.LearningObjectives