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1、2019浙江杭州师范大学综合英语考研真题I.Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）Fill in the blanks with a function word.One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it will be possible _ (1) ordinary people to u
2、se them as well. Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put _ (2) varied uses. For instance, they can provide information _ (3) th
3、e best way _ (4) prevent traffic accidents, or they can count the number _ (5) times the word and has been used _ (6) the Bible. Because they work accurately and _ (7) high speeds, they save research workers years of hard work. This whole process _ (8) which machines can be used to work _ (9) us has
4、 been called automation. In the future, automation may enable human beings _ (10) enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound _ (11) have important social consequences. Some time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to belie
5、ve that these machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be controlled _ (12) machines. Though computers are capable of learning_ (13) their mistakes and improving on their performance they need detailed instructions _ (14) human beings in order to be able to operate. They
6、can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or rule the world _ (15) making decisions _ (16) their own. Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry _ (17) the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable informat
7、ion. Computers could be plugged _ (18) a national network and _ (19) used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions; car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machin
8、es. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk _ (20) each other _ (21) any difficulty or to read foreign publications. It is impossible to assess the importance _ (22) a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure _ (2
9、3) understand each other. Computers will also be used in hospitals. _ (24) providing a machine _ (25) a patients symptoms, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check _ (26) a patients health record and bring it up to date. Doctors w
10、ill therefore have immediate access _ (27) a great many facts which will help them in their work. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be relieved_ (28) dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely _ (29) machines. Computers are the m
11、ost efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit _ (30) the way they can be used to improve our lives.II. Reading Comprehension（每小题2分，共60分）There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices m
12、arked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage 1Alan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. You probably wont find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore. Their prose is published
13、in computerized, digital bits. They are authors publishing e-books (short for “electronic books” or books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).Theyre not getting big fat advances from publishers. Not even a small cheque. Instead, Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and
14、 Teague will get 30 percent. Thats way above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as beautifully bound bits of trees.The usual author royalty is anyway between ten and fifteen percent of a books selling price. But the large percentage royalty f
15、or an e-book will come from a much smaller price e-books sell online for somewhere between $2.50 and $7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of between $US 10 and $90 depending on the size and quality of the publication.But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electr
16、onic market which is still in its infancy? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000 copies of her book The Best Laid Plans. “Im expecting to sell more than I would in the traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger,” says Teague, whose
17、 novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New Writers Award.Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books, eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological treadmill. Surely not books? The pleasure of reading isnt just in the way it allows escape into other worlds. Phys
18、ical books are a tactile, visual experience. Theres nothing like the anticipation of a new book in your hands, the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper, not to mention a small frisson of guilt at all those murdered trees. You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with a good book. But
19、surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the page.Even if you like the idea, you first have to have Softbook and the Rocket e-book hand-held electronic readers with high resolu
20、tion screens, the ability to store several books at once, but unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen, and that definitely doesnt lend itself to a late-night reading experience in bed.So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field st
21、ill the focus of the technologically infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town of Nelson. “When I told her about them (e-books), she just looked at me blankly,” says Teague, laughing. Or the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house w
22、ho said of e-book publishing: “Isnt that for failed authors?”But the Bigs are moving in. F, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publishers such as Macmillan and McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles. Best-selling
23、authors like mystery thriller writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet. The website www. also displays only e-books that have never been published in paper form.Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King wrote and published his fir
24、st e-book, Riding the Bullet, a 66page “ghost-story in the grand manner”. It was published only on the Internet on the website of American publishers Simon & Schuster who charged visitors $2.50 to download it. In the first week, 450,000 people visited the site, before other sites copied it and made
25、it available without charge its typical of the Internet, that something will always be copied for free.Computer giant Microsoft and leading US bookstore chain now plan to create a giant e-bookstore. Microsoft is also leading a push to standardize formats for online books to allow them to be download
26、ed to any computer. Steve Riggio, vice chairman of Barnes and Noble, can see a time in the near future when there will be an electronic version of virtually every book in print.For unknown authors, e-books offer a better chance to get published. Fatbrain allows any would-be author to store a manuscr
27、ipt online for just $1 a month. For publishers, it could mean a whole new headache because already established authors could cut out the middleman and release titles straight to their audience, although there will still be a role for the publishing houses in editing and marketing.Small book publishe
28、r Hazard Press, however, is excited by the possibilities. Managing director Quentin Wilson believes that it will be especially invaluable for selling the companys back catalogue because it wont require a print run of thousands just a quick electronic format.With the kind of heavyweights now backing
29、e-publishing, its a matter of when, not if, the phenomenon rolls into town. Does it mean the death of books as we now know them? What happens when electronic readers are as cheap as dirt, or when media conglomerates give them away to help to sell their vast archives of material? Would you rather pac
30、k a box of discs next time you move to a new house, instead of seemingly endless cartons of books? There is still a romance to books that its hard to see their electronic cousins replacing.“I dont think weve reached anything like the version of e-books that will probably come about within a year,” s
31、ays Wilson. “And I dont see the actual physical book disappearing. But I do see the future including the downloading of a particular book in a formatted file of some kind. Its inevitable.” In the way that horses remained after the advent of the car, books wont disappear entirely for book lovers. The
32、y will simply become a new form of recreation. “Nothing beats a beautifully produced book,” says Wilson.1. You are not likely to find Alan Brooker and Loran Teagues forth-coming book on the shelves of a bookstore because _.A. all the copies are out of stockB. all the copies are sold outC. their work
33、 has not aroused readers interestD. their work is not published in the traditional way2. According to the author, how many times of money can a copy of a book make in the traditional print compared with the computerized version?A. 2 to 3 times. B. 4 to over 10 times. C. 10 times. D. 90 times.3.Which
34、 of the following is obviously NOT in agreement with the authors idea of what readers can enjoy when reading paper books?A. The fascinating coverB. The aromatic smell of ink and paperC. Curling up in an armchair or lying in bedD. A miraculous sense of delight at changing wood into paper4.If a publis
35、her would like to put out some books of enigma and excitement, it is most likely to contact _.A. Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan KellemanB. Alan Brooker and Loren TeagueC. Stephen KingD. Quentin Wilson5. The concluding remark of the passage fully demonstrates a publishers confidence that _.A. e-books
36、 will dominate readershipB. traditional books will disappear entirelyC. books will continue on condition that they are of good qualityD. books will be good-lookingPassage 2The first thing I want to insist on is that reading should be enjoyable. Of course, there are many books that we all have to rea
37、d, either to pass examinations or to acquire information, from which it is impossible to extract enjoyment. We are reading them for instruction, and the best we can hope is that our need for it will enable us to get through them without tedium. Such books we read with resignation rather than with al
38、acrity. But that is not the sort of reading I have in mind. The books I shall mention in due course will help you neither to get a degree nor to earn your living. They will not teach you to sail a boat or get a stalled motor to run, but they will help you to live more fully. That, however, they cann
39、ot do unless you enjoy reading them.The “you” I address is the adult whose avocations give him certain leisure and who would like to read the books which can without loss be left unread. I do not address the bookworm. He can find his own way. I wish to deal only with the masterpieces which the conse
40、nsus of opinion for a long time has accepted as supreme. We are all supposed to have read them; it is a pity that so few of us have. But there are masterpieces which are acknowledged to be such by all the best critics and to which the historians of literature devote considerable space, yet which no
41、ordinary person can now read with enjoyment. They are important to the students, but changing times and changing tastes have robbed them of their savour and it is hard to read them now without an effort of will. Let me give one instance: I have read George Eliots Adam Bede, but I cannot put my hand
42、on my heart and say that was with pleasure. I read it from a sense of duty; I finished it with a sigh of relief.Now of such books as this I mean to say nothing. Every man is his own best critic. Whatever the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, unless it intere
43、sts you, it is no business of yours. Dont forget that critics often make mistakes the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made, and you who read are the final judge of the value to you of the book you are reading. This, of course, applies to the books I am goin
44、g to recommend to your attention. We are none of us exactly like everyone else, only rather like, and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precisely those that will mean a great deal to you. But they are books that I feel the richer for havi
45、ng read, and I think I should not be quite the man I am if I had not read them. And so I beg of you, if any of you who read these pages are tempted to read the books I suggest and cannot get on with them, just put them down; they will be of no service to you if you do not enjoy them. No one is under
46、 an obligation to read poetry or fiction or the miscellaneous literature which is classed as belles-lettres. (I wish I knew the English term for this, but I dont think there is one.) He must read them for pleasure, and who can claim that what pleases one man must necessarily please another?But let n
47、o one think that pleasure is immoral. Pleasure in itself is a great good, all pleasure, but its consequences may be such that the sensible person eschews certain varieties of it. Nor need pleasure be gross and sensual. They are wise in their generation who have discovered that intellectual pleasure
48、is the most satisfying and the most enduring. It is well to acquire the habit of reading. To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life. Almost all, I say, for I would not go so far as to pretend that to read a book will assuage the pangs of hunger or still the pain of unrequited love; but half a dozen good detective stories and a hot-water bottle will enable anyone to snap his fingers at the worst cold in the head. But who is going to acqu