《高分子材料-橡胶分解优秀PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高分子材料-橡胶分解优秀PPT.ppt（34页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、L/O/G/O高分子材料高分子材料高分子材料高分子材料橡胶篇橡胶篇橡胶篇橡胶篇唐凯荣唐凯荣Kardos TangMacro-molecular MaterialsRubber第一代材料第一代材料自然材料自然材料First Generation:Nature materials其次代材料其次代材料提炼材料提炼材料Second Generation:Epurate materials第三代材料第三代材料高分子材料高分子材料Third Generation:Macro-molecular materials什么是高分子材料？什么是高分子材料？高分子材料是以高分子高分子材料是以高分子化合物为基材的一大
2、类化合物为基材的一大类材料的总称。材料的总称。高分子化合物最大特点高分子化合物最大特点是分子巨大。大分子由是分子巨大。大分子由一种或多种小分子相互一种或多种小分子相互连接而成。其形态主要连接而成。其形态主要为链状大分子或网状大为链状大分子或网状大分子。分子。网状大分子网状大分子链状大分子链状大分子What is Macro-molecular Materials？Macro-molecular material is a general calling for those Materials which use Macro-molecular compound as basic.The big
3、gest character of macro-molecular material is their molecules are very huge.These huge molecules composed by one or serveral little molecules.Their molecule structure usually be“net-shape”and“chain-shape”.Net-shape moleculeChain-shape molecule热塑性塑料热固性塑料自然橡胶合成橡胶金属材料无机非金属材料高分子材料复合材料材料材料合成塑料合成塑料纤维纤维涂料涂
4、料粘合剂粘合剂橡胶橡胶thermoplastic plasticsthermalset plasticsNatural rubberSynthetic rubberMetal MaterialInorganic nonmetal materialMacro molecular materialComposite materialMaterialssynthetic plasticfibrepaintadhesiverubber橡胶形变时体积橡胶形变时体积几乎不变！几乎不变！聚合物高弹性特性聚合物高弹性特性3.拉伸的橡胶具有热弹性效应。1.形变大2.低弹性模量4.具有明显的松弛特性。在不太大外力
5、作用下，可以在不太大外力作用下，可以产生很大的形变，在去除外产生很大的形变，在去除外力后，形变几乎完全回复。力后，形变几乎完全回复。聚合物这种特性称为高弹性，聚合物这种特性称为高弹性，室温旁边处于高弹态的高分室温旁边处于高弹态的高分子材料称为子材料称为-橡胶。橡胶。玻璃态高弹态粘流态玻璃化转变温度玻璃化转变温度-Tg粘流温度粘流温度-Tf橡橡 胶胶什么是橡胶？什么是橡胶？Rubbers volume wont change while its deformating.Character of rubber3.thermoelastic effect.1.Huge deformation rat
6、e.2.Low modulus of elasticity.4.Obvious relaxation effect.。Little strength can make it huge deformation，when remove the strength it will recover its original shape。This character of polymer we called it high elasticity.A material which perform high elasticity at room temperature,we called it-Rubber。
7、Glass statehigh-elastic state viscous state Glass transformate temperature-TgViscous tansformate temperature-TfRubberWhat is rubber？自然橡胶（自然橡胶（NR）橡胶工业运用的大都来自三叶橡胶树。自然橡胶是橡胶树上流出的胶乳，经过凝固，干燥等工序加工而成的弹性固状物。1.耐溶剂性差2.耐老化性差1.很好的弹性。伸长率可达1000%，弹性模量比塑料低30倍。2.特别好的机械强度。它是结晶性橡胶，自补强性很大。3.良好的电性能，耐屈饶性。3.耐磨性差4.优异的工艺加工性能
8、。绉片胶烟片胶（80%）优点优点缺点缺点Nature Rubber（NR）Most rubber industy use billia tree as raw materialAll NR are from rubber latex in rubber tree,after concretion and filatrate1.Bad solvent resistent2.Bad aging resistent1.Very good elasticity。Elongation rate can reach 1000%，elastic modulus 30 times lower than pla
9、stic。2.Very good mechanical strength。It is crystal rubber,which has excellent self recover function。3.Good insulation capability。3.Abrasion resistant 4.Very good machinning capability。MeritDefect通用合成橡胶通用合成橡胶(General Synthesis Rubber)2.NBR3.IIR 1.SBR7.PBR6.EPDM顺丁橡胶顺丁橡胶丁基橡胶丁基橡胶4.CR聚异戊二聚异戊二烯橡胶烯橡胶5.IR丁苯
10、橡胶丁苯橡胶styrene-butadiene rubberbutadiene rubber 丁腈橡胶丁腈橡胶乙丙橡胶乙丙橡胶氯丁橡胶氯丁橡胶Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomeracrylonitrile-butadiene rubber Isoprene rubber chloroprene rubber butyl rubber 丁苯橡胶（丁苯橡胶（SBR）丁苯橡胶是以丁二烯与苯乙烯为单体，在乳液或溶液中用催化剂，催化共聚的高分子弹性体。1.耐溶剂性差2.加工性不如自然橡胶。1.很好的弹性，但低于自然橡胶。2.耐磨性能优于自然橡胶。3.耐龟裂性、耐热优于自然橡胶
11、。4.抗湿滑性良好。优点优点缺点缺点产量最大的产量最大的合成橡胶合成橡胶3.不能结晶，撕裂强度，拉伸强度均远低于自然橡胶.应用：主要应用于轮胎工业。无特殊要求的胶带，胶管及一些工业制品中也广泛应用。4.滞后损失大，生热高。styrene-butadiene rubber（SBR）SBR use butadiene and styrene as monomer，elastic copolymer.1Bad solvent resistent.2.Bad machiningperformance.1.Very good elasticity,but under NR。2.abrasion perf
12、ormance better than NR.3.Aging and heat resistent better than NR.4.Good slip resistent.MeritDefectLagest output in all synthesis rubber3.Cant crystal，Tear resistent and tensile far lower than NR.Application：Main on the tyre industry,ordinary glue tape，rubber tube and so on.4.Have lag effect problem,
13、easy to get hot when being used.丁腈橡胶（丁腈橡胶（NBR）丁腈橡胶是丁二烯和丙烯腈经乳液共聚而得到的高分子弹性体。2.耐老化性差1.很好的弹性，但低于自然橡胶和丁苯橡胶。2.耐油性和耐溶剂性在一般橡胶中最好。3.耐热性优于自然橡胶，丁苯橡胶。3.电绝缘性能不好4.气密性优于自然橡胶和丁苯橡胶，与丁基橡胶差不多。优点优点缺点缺点4.非结晶聚合物，撕裂强度，拉伸强度均远低于自然橡胶应用：主要用作耐油，耐溶剂的橡胶制品。如油管，隔膜，垫圈，油衬，胶辊等。1.低温性能较差acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber（NBR）NBR is a copol
14、ymer elasticity which use butadiene and acrylonitrile as monomer.2.Bad aging performance.1.Good elasticity，but much lower than NR and SB.。2.Solvent and oil resistent are the best in synthesis rubber.3.Heat performance better than NR and SBR.3.Bad insolation performance4.Airtight seal performance bet
15、ter than NR and SBR，similar to IIR.MeritDefect4.Noncrystal polymer，tear and tensile bad than NR and SBR.Application：Main used for erode resistent rubber products.1.Bad low teperature performance.丁基橡胶（丁基橡胶（IIR）丁基橡胶是以异丁烯（其链节以头尾相连）和少量异戊二烯（主要为反式1，4-构型）共聚而得的线型大分子，基本上没有支链。2.硫化速度特别慢，加工性能不佳。1.丁基橡胶的气密性全部橡胶中最
16、好。2.极好的耐热老化，耐天候老化。3.优异的耐腐蚀性。3.自黏和互黏性差，与其他材料相容性差，难以并用。4.很好的防水性和电绝缘性，较好的吸取振动性。优点优点缺点缺点应用：主要用于轮胎业，特殊适用于作内胎，胶囊，气密层，胎侧以及胶管，防水建材，防腐蚀制品，电器制品，耐热传送带等。1.通用橡胶中丁基橡胶弹性最低。5.拉伸时结晶，有较高力学强度。Butyl Rubber（IIR）IIR is a linear copolymer which use isobutylene and little isoprene(reverse-conformation）.2.Curing very slow,b
17、ad produce preformance.1.Airtight seal performance is the best in all SR.2.Very best heat performance and aging resistent.3.Excellent erode resistent.3.Bad compatibility,difficult to mix other matirials.4.Good water-proof and isolation，good vibrate absorption.MeritDefectApplication：Main used in tyre
18、 industry，especially suitable for inside tyre,airtight seal layer,water-proof material,erode resisitent material and so on.1.Worst elasticity in SR.5.Crystal when stretching,good tensile stress.氯丁橡胶（氯丁橡胶（CR）氯丁橡胶是2-氯丁二烯的聚合体。2.相对密度较大。1.易结晶，力学强度较高。2.耐油性优异，仅次于丁腈橡胶。3.全部通用橡胶中耐燃性最好。3.电绝缘性能较差。4.耐老化性好。优点优点缺点
19、缺点4.贮存稳定性不好，易发生交联。应用：广泛用于制造各种橡胶制品，如耐油及耐化学腐蚀的胶管，容器衬里，胶辊，胶板，汽车和拖拉机配件，电缆护套，门窗密封条，此外还用做胶黏剂等。1.耐低温性较差。chloroprene rubber（CR）CR is a polymer of chloroprene monomer。2.High density.1.Easy to crystal,very good mechanical stress.2.Very good erode resistent,No 2 in SR.3.The best inflaming retarding performance
20、 in SR.3.Bad insulation performance.4.Good aging resistent.MeritDefect4.Easy to get crosslink,bad chemical stability.Application：Widely use in many rubber products，like erode resistent tube，container lining，rubber pad,rubber wheel，Auto parts,adhesive and so on.1.Bad low temperature resistent.聚异戊二烯橡胶
21、（聚异戊二烯橡胶（IR）聚异戊二烯橡胶是以异戊二烯单体为原料，应用有规立构催化系统聚合而成。2.和自然橡胶缺点相像。1.比自然橡胶纯净，凝胶含量少，无杂质，质量均一。2.不需塑炼，混炼简便，冬季不用保温。3.机械强度高，物理性能均衡性好。4.粘性好，流淌性好，加工简洁。优点优点缺点缺点应用：具有优良的物理力学性能，一般用于轮胎的胎胶；胶鞋，胶带，胶黏剂，浸渍制品以及医疗，食品用制品等。1.易发生降解，硫化速度较慢。5.振动吸取性和电性能好。Isoprene rubber（IR）IR is a polymer which use isoprene as monomer.2.Defects sim
22、ilar to NR.1.Pure than NR，less gel content，no impurity，quality consistently。2.Dont need plasticate，easy to mix，no need keep warm in winter。3.Good mechanical stress.4.Good viscosity，good fluid，easy to machining。MeritDefectApplication：Has very good mechanical stress，using for tyre rubber；rubber shoes，
23、glue tape，adhesive，immerse products and so on.1.Easy to degradation，curing speed is low。5.Good vibrate absorption and insulation。乙丙橡胶（乙丙橡胶（EPDM）乙烯与丙烯的共聚物。2.自黏性和互黏性较差，不易黏合，给加工工艺带来很大困难。1.耐老化，耐热，耐低温性能优异在通用橡胶中最好。2.电绝缘性优良，超过丁基橡胶。3.耐化学性好，对各种极性化学药品和酸，碱有较大的抗耐性。4.冲击弹性较好，仅次于顺丁橡胶和自然橡胶。优点优点缺点缺点应用：除了不能做轮胎的胎面胶外，在
24、工业，生活领域都有重要应用。如各种质轻浅色制品；电线，电缆包皮以及其它高压电器绝缘材料；汽车风雨胶条；加热器胶管等。1.硫化速度慢，比一般合成橡胶慢34倍。5.单体易得，密度小，并可混入大量填料和油类，而性能下降不大。Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer（EPDM）Reacted by ethylene、propylene and diene.2.Bad self-mix and other-mix performance,not easy to machining.1.The best performance in SR about aging、high and
25、low temperature resistent.2.Good insulation performance which passed IIR。3.Good solvent、oil and chemical resistent.4.Good impact resistent，just behind NR and PBR。MeritDefectApplication：Being used in every important industry and live aspect,but not in tyre industry.Such as many light and clear produc
26、ts；wire，cable crust,some insulated products；Auto rain squeggee and so on.1.Low curing speed,34 times slower than NR.5.Easy to get raw material,low density and can add a lot of additive.顺丁橡胶（顺丁橡胶（PBR）顺丁橡胶是以顺式丁二烯单体为原料，应用有规立构催化系统聚合而成。2.撕裂强度，拉伸强度较低。1.耐磨耗性优异，滞后损失小，生热低。2.弹性全部橡胶中最高。3.通用橡胶中耐低温型最好的橡胶。4.粘性好，流
27、淌性好，加工简洁。优点优点缺点缺点应用：主要用于制造轮胎，用量占总产量80%以上，一般与其他橡胶做成共混胶。还广泛用于胶管，胶带，胶鞋及各种耐寒制品。1.生胶有冷流现象。5.振动吸取性和电性能好。3.抗湿滑性不好，在是路面上易打滑。4.黏着性不好，加工性能较差。6.价格在合成橡胶中最低，比丁苯橡胶还低。butadiene rubber（PBR）PBR is a polymer which used butadiene as monomer to produce.2.Bad in both tear resistent and tensile stress.1.Excellent abrasio
28、n resistent，little lag loss，low heating make。2.The best elasticity performance in all SR.3.The best low temperature performance in all SR.4.Good viscosity and fluidity and easy to machining.MeritDefectApplication：Most used for tyre industry，about above 80%，it can also mix with other rubber to make m
29、odified rubber,and being used to make many low temperature rubber products.1.Raw rubber unstable and easy to fluid.5.Good vibrate absorption and insulation performance.3.Bad slip resistent performance，easy to get slip on road。4.Not easy to mix,bad machining performance.6.The cheapest price in all SR
30、.聚氨酯聚氨酯 polyurethane(PU)聚氨酯为大分子链中含有氨酯基重复结构单元的一类聚合物。优点优点优点优点缺点缺点缺点缺点PU弹性体是一种弹性体是一种PU的的密实制品，其性能介于密实制品，其性能介于橡胶与塑料之间，具有橡胶与塑料之间，具有高回弹性、吸震性、耐高回弹性、吸震性、耐磨性、化学腐蚀性，耐磨性、化学腐蚀性，耐撕裂，耐低温性好、耐撕裂，耐低温性好、耐候性好等优点。候性好等优点。1.耐高温性能较差。2.PU产品不阻燃，属于易燃产品。3.PU光稳定性不佳，产品易变色。聚氨酯制品形态有软质、半硬质聚氨酯制品形态有软质、半硬质及硬质泡沫塑料、弹性体、油漆及硬质泡沫塑料、弹性体、油漆涂
31、料、胶粘剂、密封胶、合成革涂料、胶粘剂、密封胶、合成革涂层树脂、弹性纤维等，广泛应涂层树脂、弹性纤维等，广泛应用于汽车制造、冰箱制造、交通用于汽车制造、冰箱制造、交通运输、土木建筑、鞋类、合成革、运输、土木建筑、鞋类、合成革、织物、机电、石油化工、矿山机织物、机电、石油化工、矿山机械、航空、医疗、农业等很多领械、航空、医疗、农业等很多领域。域。Polyurethane (PU)PU is a kind of polymer that molecular consisted by urethane.MeritMeritDefectDefectPU elastomer is a kind of c
32、lose-grained PU product，its property between rubber and plastic,very high elastic、vibrate absorption、abrasion resistent、chemical resistent，tear resistent，low temperature resistent、aging resistent and some other merits。1.Bad high temperature resistent.2.PU products are not inflaming retarding，PU are
33、very flamable material.3.Bad UV stability，products easy to get yellow.PU products configuration have soft、half-soft and hard foam、elastomer、paint、adhesive、seal glue、synthetical leather、resin、elastical fibre，widely used in Auto industry、fridge、traffic transportation、construction、shoes、synthetical lea
34、ther、fabric、chemical industry、mine machine、medicial treatment、agriculture and so on.力学强度力学强度弹性弹性耐腐蚀耐腐蚀电性能电性能耐高温耐高温耐低温耐低温气密性气密性耐磨性耐磨性NRSBRIIRCREPDMNBRPBRLow temperature performanceAirtightHigh temperature performanceErode resistentMechanical stressElasticityAbrasion resistentInsulationPU各种橡胶的各种橡胶的简洁鉴
35、别方法：方法：NR：外观；淡黄色半透亮。燃烧性；易。火焰特征；黑烟，暗黄色火焰，变软。残渣气味；橡胶臭味，残渣无粘性。IR：外观；淡黄色半透亮。燃烧性；易。火焰特征；黑烟，暗黄色火焰，变软。残渣气味；橡胶臭味残渣无粘性。SBR：外观；淡黄色，或淡褐红色半透亮。燃烧性；易。火焰特征；黑烟，暗黄色火焰，变软。残渣气味；苯乙烯臭味，略膨胀，无粘性。NBR：外观；淡黄色-淡褐色，半透亮。燃烧性；易。火焰特征；黑烟，暗黄色火焰，变软。残渣气味；蛋白质燃烧气味，无粘性。IIR：外观；无色，透亮-半透亮。燃烧性；易。火焰特征；无烟，散束状火焰。残渣气味；溶融,甜臭气味。EPDM：外观；白色，不透亮。燃烧性；
36、无烟，散束状火焰,火焰呈兰色.残渣气味；石蜡气味。CR：外观；淡黄-淡褐色，不透亮。燃烧性；难。火焰特征；火焰呈绿色.残渣气味；膨胀，盐酸气味Silicon：外观：白色。半透亮-不透亮。燃烧性；中等易燃；火焰特征；白烟，亮白色火焰。残渣气味；白灰，臭味少。PU：外观：透亮-半透亮，淡黄色。燃烧性；易燃；火焰特征；橙黄色火焰，少烟-白色烟雾。残渣气味；粘稠液体，刺激性有毒气体。怎样提高聚合物的强度怎样提高聚合物的强度Title in hereTitle in hereTitle in hereTitle in here降解降解蠕变蠕变滞后和滞后和内耗内耗时温等效时温等效拉伸过程拉伸过程老化老化银
37、纹银纹Title in hereTitle in hereTitle in here韧性断裂与韧性断裂与脆性断裂脆性断裂应力应力集中集中相容性相容性高分子聚合物小常识高分子聚合物小常识How to improve polymers mechanical stressagingcreep deformation degradationbreak process lag and internal frictioncrazeStress concentrationDissolve and swellingTough break and brittle breakSome knowledge about Macro-molecular polymer Title in here应力应力松弛松弛Stress looseTime temperature equivalence principle L/O/G/OThank You!Thank You!