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1、Practical Writing:Letters:Letters SevenPrinciplesofpracticalWritingSevenPrinciplesofpracticalWriting 1.Courtesy1.Courtesy（礼貌）（礼貌）1)Not mere politeness like using some phrases of“please”or“thank you”2)Keep a sincere You-attitude.3)Use tactful(委婉委婉)way to blame your readers,and try to avoid irritating
2、(恼人的恼人的),offensive（无礼的）（无礼的）,or belittling（贬低的）（贬低的）statement.e.g.1“Polite”We have received with many thanks your letter of Oct.7,and we take pleasure of sending you our latest catalog.We wish to draw your attention to a special offer which we have made in it.“Courteous”You will be particularly inte
3、rested in a special offer on page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed,which you requested in your letter of Oct.7.“tactful”If I understand your letter correctly“Rough”Your letter is not clear at all,I cant understand it.2.Consideration2.Consideration（体谅）（体谅）1)Emphasizing1)EmphasizingYou-attitudeYou-att
4、ituderatherthanWe-attituderatherthanWe-attitude2)Focusingonthe2)Focusingonthepositiveapproachpositiveapproach“You-attitude”“You-attitude”Youearn2percentdiscountforcashpaymentYouearn2percentdiscountforcashpayment“We-attitude”“We-attitude”Weallow2percentdiscountforcashpaymentWeallow2percentdiscountfor
5、cashpayment“Positive”“Positive”Wefeelsurethatyouwillbeentirelysatisfied.Wefeelsurethatyouwillbeentirelysatisfied.“Negative”Negative”WedonotbelieveyouwillhavecausefordissatisfactionWedonotbelieveyouwillhavecausefordissatisfaction3.Completeness3.Completeness（完整）（完整）containsallthenecessaryinformationco
6、ntainsallthenecessaryinformationanswerallthequestionsputforwardbythereadersanswerallthequestionsputforwardbythereadersATTNATTN:makesurethatallthemattersarediscussed/stated.:makesurethatallthemattersarediscussed/stated.badimpression,giveup,disputesandlawsuitbadimpression,giveup,disputesandlawsuit4.Cl
7、arity(4.Clarity(清晰清晰)tomakesurethatwhatyouwroteissoclearthatittomakesurethatwhatyouwroteissoclearthatitcantcantbemisunderstoodbemisunderstood.(usethemostsimpleandfamiliar.(usethemostsimpleandfamiliarwords,payattentiontothegrammar,eg:thepronoun,thewords,payattentiontothegrammar,eg:thepronoun,theposit
8、ionofthemodifier,rationalityinlogic)positionofthemodifier,rationalityinlogic)eg:eg:Beingaregisteredaccount,Imsureyoucanhelpus.Beingaregisteredaccount,Imsureyoucanhelpus.Beingaregisteredaccount,Beingaregisteredaccount,youyoucancertainlyhelpcancertainlyhelpususMoreover,Payattentiontothepositionofthemo
9、difiersMoreover,Payattentiontothepositionofthemodifierse.g.e.g.Weshallbeabletosupply10casesoftheitemonly.Weshallbeabletosupply10casesoftheitemonly.我们仅能供应当商品我们仅能供应当商品1010箱箱.Weshallbeabletosupply10casesonlyoftheitem.Weshallbeabletosupply10casesonlyoftheitem.我们仅能供应我们仅能供应1010箱该商品箱该商品Themodifier“only”int
10、heabovesentencesmodifiedtwodifferentThemodifier“only”intheabovesentencesmodifiedtwodifferentwords,sothetwosentenceshavedifferentmeanings.words,sothetwosentenceshavedifferentmeanings.5.Conciseness5.Conciseness（简洁）（简洁）clearlyexpresswhatyouwoulddoinaclearlyexpresswhatyouwoulddoinashortshortandandpithyp
11、ithystyleofwritingstyleofwritingwithoutsacrificingcompletenessandcourtesywithoutsacrificingcompletenessandcourtesy.Eg1:Eg1:WeareinreceiptofyourfavoroftheletterMay10.WeareinreceiptofyourfavoroftheletterMay10.贵方贵方5 5月月1010日来函已收悉日来函已收悉 WehavereceivedyourletterofMay10.WehavereceivedyourletterofMay10.Eg2
12、:Eg2:WillyoushipusanytimeduringthemonthofDecember,orWillyoushipusanytimeduringthemonthofDecember,orevenNovemberifyouarerushed,forNovemberwouldsuitusjustasevenNovemberifyouarerushed,forNovemberwouldsuitusjustaswell.well.PleaseshipusbytheendofNovemberPleaseshipusbytheendofNovember6.Concreteness6.Concr
13、eteness（具体）（具体）specific,definiteandpersuasive(thoughsometimesvaguenessisalsospecific,definiteandpersuasive(thoughsometimesvaguenessisalsopreferred)preferred)thereaderwillbeataloss,andcouldntknowwhatyouarethereaderwillbeataloss,andcouldntknowwhatyouaretalkingabouttalkingabout eg:eg:Weregrettonotethat
14、yourclientswanttocanceltheirorderWeregrettonotethatyourclientswanttocanceltheirorderWeregrettonotethatyourclientswanttocanceltheirWeregrettonotethatyourclientswanttocanceltheirorderorder+for textilesfor textiles7.Correctness7.Correctness（正确）（正确）Refernotonlytocorrectusageofgrammar,punctuationandspell
15、ing,butRefernotonlytocorrectusageofgrammar,punctuationandspelling,butalsotostandardlanguageandproperstatementalsotostandardlanguageandproperstatement。1)withpronouns1)withpronounsOurcompetitorspricesare2%-3%lowerthanOurcompetitorspricesare2%-3%lowerthanusus(ours).(ours).2)withverbs2)withverbsItisoneo
16、fthemachinesthatItisoneofthemachinesthatwaswas(were)deliveredlastweek.(were)deliveredlastweek.3)withconjunctions3)withconjunctionsThisfridgeThisfridgenotonlyisattractivenotonlyisattractive(isattractivenotonly)inproperprice,butalsoin(isattractivenotonly)inproperprice,butalsoingoodquality.goodquality.
17、4)withsubjects4)withsubjectsWhilestudyingthereport,thetelephonerang.Whilestudyingthereport,thetelephonerang.WhileIwasstudyingthereport,thetelephonerang.WhileIwasstudyingthereport,thetelephonerang.英文信封英文信封(Envelope)(Envelope)的寫法的寫法 （B BlockFormatlockFormat齐头式）齐头式）Zhao MinSichun UniversityChengdu,6100
18、41P.R.of China Mr.Steven Chung No.252,Long St.San Francisco,U.S.A寄件人姓名和地址寄件人姓名和地址收信人姓名和地址收信人姓名和地址英文信封英文信封(Envelope)(Envelope)的寫法的寫法（右缩式（右缩式 IndentedFormatIndentedFormat）Zhao Min Sichun University Chengdu,610041 P.R.of China Mr.Steven Chung No.252,Long St.San Francisco,U.S.A寄件人姓名和地址寄件人姓名和地址收信人姓名和地址收信
19、人姓名和地址英文地址的寫法和中文相反，口訣：由英文地址的寫法和中文相反，口訣：由小到大小到大(ex:(ex:號號弄弄巷巷路路/街街城市城市國家國家)號 No.(Number)樓 F(Floor)室 Rm.(Room)弄 Aly(Alley)巷 Ln.(Lane)路 Rd.(Road)街 St.(Street)段 Sec.(Section)區 Dist.(District)縣 County市 City大道 Ave.(Avenue)省 Province國家名l地址的书写依次是由小到大地址的书写依次是由小到大:第一行写寄出第一行写寄出信人的门牌号码，写街道名称信人的门牌号码，写街道名称;其次行先写县
20、其次行先写县市、城镇名称，再写省或州名称，往右空两个市、城镇名称，再写省或州名称，往右空两个字母的位置，再写上邮编。假如是寄往国外的字母的位置，再写上邮编。假如是寄往国外的信件，第三行写出寄信人所在国家的名称。信件，第三行写出寄信人所在国家的名称。如要说明信件由何种邮路递送或信件为如要说明信件由何种邮路递送或信件为何种类别，一般在信封正面的左下角注何种类别，一般在信封正面的左下角注明。明。l航空航空ByAirMailByAirMaill挂号挂号 RegisteredRegisteredl印刷品印刷品 PrintedMatterPrintedMatterl快件快件 ExpressExpressl
21、内有照片内有照片PhotoEnclosedPhotoEnclosed如信件需由别人或单位转交给收信人，则需在转如信件需由别人或单位转交给收信人，则需在转交人前面加上交人前面加上C/OC/O（careofcareof）后跟转交人的姓名地）后跟转交人的姓名地址。如宋力托李娜转交一封信给李明，信封格式址。如宋力托李娜转交一封信给李明，信封格式为：为：SongLiSongLiNo.1MiddleSchoolNo.1MiddleSchoolNantong,226000Nantong,226000JiangsuJiangsuLi MingC/O Li NaPeking UniversityBeijing,
22、100871如不须要邮寄，只需写上受托人和收信人的姓名如不须要邮寄，只需写上受托人和收信人的姓名即可。再用即可。再用Bycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,ByBycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,Byfavoroffavorof引出所托之人的姓名。如：引出所托之人的姓名。如：LiMingLiMingBycourtesyofLiNaBycourtesyofLiNa面交信面交信(宋力本人当面交给收信人的信宋力本人当面交给收信人的信)：SongLiSongLiPresentPresent练习填写信封练习填写信封lGeorgeWangwillwritea
23、lettertohispenpal(笔友笔友),MikeClinton.Mikesaddress(住住址址)is:1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101,U.S.A.AndGeorgesaddressis:23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan,R.O.C.Pleasewriteanenvelopeforhim.GeorgeWang23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan104R.O.C.MikeClinton1025LongStreet
24、,SanFrancisco,CA94101SanFrancisco,CA94101 ThelayoutofEnglishlettersThelayoutofEnglishletters SevenPrincipalPartsSevenPrincipalPartsl1.1.信头信头Heading/LetterheadHeading/Letterheadl2.2.写信日期写信日期DateDatel3.3.信内地址信内地址(收信人收信人)InsideAddressInsideAddressl4.4.称呼称呼SalutationSalutationl5.5.正文正文BodyofLetterBodyof
25、Letterl6.6.客套结束语客套结束语 ComplimentaryClosingComplimentaryClosingl7.7.署名署名SignatureSignatureSevenOptionalPartsSevenOptionalPartsl1.Thereferencenumber(1.Thereferencenumber(存档编号存档编号)2.TheAttentionLine(2.TheAttentionLine(至收信人）至收信人）l3.Thesubjectheading(3.Thesubjectheading(事由）事由）4.Theenclosure4.Theenclosure
26、（附件）（附件）5.ThereferenceNotation5.ThereferenceNotation（经办人代号）（经办人代号）l6.TheCarbonCopyNotation6.TheCarbonCopyNotation（抄送）（抄送）l7.Thepostscript(7.Thepostscript(附言附言)HeadingHeading 信头包括寄信人地址（通常写在信笺的右上信头包括寄信人地址（通常写在信笺的右上方）或某公司的名称、地址、电话、电传、传方）或某公司的名称、地址、电话、电传、传真、邮编、电子信箱地址或网址等。真、邮编、电子信箱地址或网址等。DateDatel日期应写在寄信
27、人地址下方，表达方式各不日期应写在寄信人地址下方，表达方式各不相同。通常英式按日相同。通常英式按日/月月/年的依次，而美式按年的依次，而美式按月日年的依次。留意：年份写全，不行省略；月日年的依次。留意：年份写全，不行省略；月份用英文单词表示，不行用数字替代（一般月份用英文单词表示，不行用数字替代（一般信函可缩写，较正式的公函需写全）；日期用信函可缩写，较正式的公函需写全）；日期用阿拉伯数字基数词表示即可，如阿拉伯数字基数词表示即可，如May7,2006;May7,2006;23September,200523September,2005Rewritethefollowingdateforsta
28、ndardbusinessletters 6/5/066/5/0610-9-0610-9-068June20068June2006Oct.28,06Oct.28,06Jan.13.2006Jan.13.2006InsideAddressInsideAddressl信内地址应写在信笺左上方，与信封上的地信内地址应写在信笺左上方，与信封上的地址完全一样。第一行写收信人姓名（称呼语址完全一样。第一行写收信人姓名（称呼语+全名）；商务信函中还需另起一行写出职务；全名）；商务信函中还需另起一行写出职务；收信人地址应准确完整。收信人地址应准确完整。Arrangethefollowinginformatio
29、nintoletterheadorinsideaddress:China/Beijing100021/BeijingMetal/President/China/Beijing100021/BeijingMetal/President/LinFang/Eastlane/234LinFang/Eastlane/234LinFangLinFangPresidentofBeijingMetalPresidentofBeijingMetal234Eastlane,Beijing100021234Eastlane,Beijing100021ChinaChinaSalutationSalutationl称呼
30、应写在信内地址下，其左边要与信内地称呼应写在信内地址下，其左边要与信内地址第一行对齐。英文书信的称呼一般都是以址第一行对齐。英文书信的称呼一般都是以DearDear或或MydearMydear开头的。开头的。l1.1.亲近熟悉的人亲近熟悉的人:Dear/Mydear+:Dear/Mydear+称呼或名字。称呼或名字。l2 2长辈、关系一般、不相识：长辈、关系一般、不相识：Dear+“Dear+“先生先生/女女士士/教授教授”l3 3机关、团体、公司、工厂或学校：机关、团体、公司、工厂或学校：DearSirDearSirorMadam,ToWhomItMayconcern.orMadam,ToW
31、homItMayconcern.有时干脆有时干脆用用Gentlemen(Gentlemen(复数复数)。BodyBodyl语言要得体，简洁明白，措词礼貌。称呼下面隔一两行起先语言要得体，简洁明白，措词礼貌。称呼下面隔一两行起先写正文。一般说来，开头干脆表达写信的目的，中间对目的具写正文。一般说来，开头干脆表达写信的目的，中间对目的具体说明，结尾表达希望祝愿等。体说明，结尾表达希望祝愿等。ComplimentaryClosingComplimentaryClosingl开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语也称敬语，开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语也称敬语，运用时也应因人而异，取决于发信人与收信人
32、之间的运用时也应因人而异，取决于发信人与收信人之间的关系或熟悉程度。关系或熟悉程度。l1.1.家人亲戚家人亲戚:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yours:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yourslovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.lovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.l2.2.长辈或一般挚友：长辈或一般挚友：Yoursrespectfully/sincerely,YoursYoursrespectfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.trulyetc.l3.3.机关、
33、团体、学校等：机关、团体、学校等：Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.Yourstrulyetc.l 結尾的部份結尾的部份祝福的話結尾語Take care.Your friend,Best wishes.Truly yours,Best Regards.Your loving _,Merry ChristmasSincerely yours,Happy New YearYours sincerely,Happy BirthdaySincerely,SignatureSignaturel写信人要在结束
34、语下面签名，以表示对信件写信人要在结束语下面签名，以表示对信件中的全部内容负责。签名最好是写信人的亲笔，中的全部内容负责。签名最好是写信人的亲笔，手写后可附打印的全名。手写后可附打印的全名。Letter styles 1.IndentedStyle1.IndentedStyle缩进缩进/行式行式lFeature:Feature:eachlineoftheeachlineofthe Inside Name and Address Inside Name and Address shouldbeshouldbeindented2-3spaces,andindented2-3spaces,andfi
35、rst line of each paragraphfirst line of each paragraphshouldbeshouldbeindented3-8spaces.indented3-8spaces.IndentedFormatIndentedFormatxxxxxxxx(letterhead)(letterhead)June3,2005June3,2005(date)(date)xxxxxxxx(insideaddress)(insideaddress)Dearxx,Dearxx,(salutation)(salutation)WereceivedyourxxxxWereceiv
36、edyourxxxx(body)(body)YourssincerelyYourssincerelyXXXX(signature)(signature)JoeJoe(printedname)(printedname)LetterheadLetterheadRef.No.Ref.No.-MsDavis-MsDavis-SalesManager-SalesManager-TheTextileCo.Ltd-TheTextileCo.Ltd-Picadilly-Picadilly-London,WinCBE-London,WinCBE-UK-UKDearMsDavis,DearMsDavis,-_-_
37、-_-_sincerelyyours,sincerelyyours,-Dear Sir/Madam,Im writing in response to your advertisement for a PA/Secretary to the Managing Director.Although I did not have to travel in my p r e v i o u s j o b,I w o u l d b e v e r y w i l l i n g t o d o s o.I will be available for interview at any time,and
38、 look forward tohearing from you.Yours faithfully,William Jeremy SmithPeace Hotel Ling Gong Road 1818 Beijing,ChinaMail box No.23,GX universityNanning,Guangxi,China27 Jan,2008缩进式缩进式发信人地址及发信日期收信人姓名和单位地址Letterheadfeature:each line begins at the left margin 2.full block style完全齐头式完全齐头式Blockformatxxxx(l
39、etterhead)June3,2005(date)xxxx(insideaddress)Dearxx,(salutation)Wereceivedyourxxxx(body)Yourssincerely(complimentaryclose)XX(signature)Joe(printedname)LetterheadLetterheadRef.No.Ref.No.DateDateAddress&NameAddress&NameDear-Dear-Re:Re:-Sincerelyyours,Sincerelyyours,-Dear Sir/Madam,Im writing in respon
40、se to your advertisement for a PA/Secretary to the Managing Director.Although I did not have to travel in my p r e v i o u s j o b,I w o u l d b e v e r y w i l l i n g t o d o s o.I will be available for interview at any time,and look forward tohearing from you.Yours faithfully,William Jeremy Smith
41、Compact System96 Rosewall Drive,South town,SO3 4BTMail box No.23,GX universityNanning,Guangxi,China27 Dec,2007齐头式齐头式Letterhead3.ModifiedBlockStyle3.ModifiedBlockStyle改良平改良平/齐头式齐头式lfeature:feature:everylinebeginsattheleftmarginexcepttheeverylinebeginsattheleftmarginexcepttheletterhead,letterhead,date
42、,complementary close and signituredate,complementary close and signiture(slightlypastthecenteroftheslightlypastthecenterofthepage)page)ModifiedFormatModifiedFormatxxxxxxxx(letterhead)(letterhead)June3,2005June3,2005(date)(date)xxxxxxxx(insideaddress)(insideaddress)Dearxx,Dearxx,(salutation)(salutati
43、on)WereceivedyourxxxxWereceivedyourxxxx(body)(body)YourssincerelyYourssincerelyXXXX(signature)(signature)JoeJoe(printedname)(printedname)LetterheadLetterheadRef.No.Ref.No.DateDateName&AddressName&AddressDearDearRe:Re:-Yours,Yours,-Dear Sir/Madam,Im writing in response to your advertisement for a PA/
44、Secretary to the Managing Director.Although I did not have to travel in my p r e v i o u s j o b,I w o u l d b e v e r y w i l l i n g t o d o s o.I will be available for interview at any time,and look forward tohearing from you.Yours faithfully,William Jeremy SmithPeace HotelLing Gong Road 1818Beij
45、ing,ChinaMail box No.23,GX universityNanning,Guangxi,China27 Jan,2008改良式改良式发信人地址及发信日期收信人姓名和单位地址Letterhead应用文写作技巧应用文写作技巧 I.I.信件开头信件开头(写信、收信、回复写信、收信、回复)1Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat1Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat2IamgladtoreceiveyourletterofMay.2IamgladtoreceiveyourletterofMay.3Thankyouforyourletterof
46、May53ThankyouforyourletterofMay5thth 4Manythanksforyourniceletter.4Manythanksforyourniceletter.II.II.引出话题引出话题-topic-topic1Ihavesomeimportant/wonderfulnewsforyou.1Ihavesomeimportant/wonderfulnewsforyou.2youwillfindithardtobelieve,but2youwillfindithardtobelieve,butMore tips!structurestructureIII.III.信
47、件结尾信件结尾(祝愿、感谢、保持联系祝愿、感谢、保持联系)1Ihopeyouwillbewellagainsoon.1Ihopeyouwillbewellagainsoon.(not“Iwish”!)(not“Iwish”!)2Iwishyougoodluckin2Iwishyougoodluckin3ThankyouforallyoudidformewhileIwasinyourcountry.3ThankyouforallyoudidformewhileIwasinyourcountry.4Ihopetohearfromyousoon.4Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5Pl
48、easewritetomesoonandtellmeaboutyourlifeatyourschool.5Pleasewritetomesoonandtellmeaboutyourlifeatyourschool.l英文书信由英文书信由7 7个部分组成。它们是信头、日期，信内地址、称个部分组成。它们是信头、日期，信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。呼、正文、结束语、签字。l格式确定要正确。格式确定要正确。l信的正文和写文章一样，要分段写，每一段有一个中心思想信的正文和写文章一样，要分段写，每一段有一个中心思想总结总结PracticelDirections:Forthispart,youarea
49、llowed30minutestoDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaLetterofApology.Youshouldwriteatleast120writeaLetterofApology.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:l1.1.表达自己对晚交论文一事的歉意。表达自己对晚交论文一事的歉意。l2.2.说明未能按时交论文的缘由。说明未
50、能按时交论文的缘由。l3.3.表示自己将尽快把论文补交上并表示以后将按时表示自己将尽快把论文补交上并表示以后将按时交作业。交作业。【范文ALetterofApologyALetterofApology】24thOct.,200824thOct.,2008DearMr.Wang,DearMr.Wang,IamwritingtoapologizeforIamwritingtoapologizeformylatehomework.Thepapermylatehomework.ThepaperwhichyouwhichyouassignedassignedtouslastMondaywastousla