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1、英国文学选读要点（英国文学选读要点（1）诗人及其作品解读诗人及其作品解读1.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Significance 1)the greatest English poet and dramatist 2)certainly the most important playwright of the English Renaissance 3)likely the most influential writer in all of English literature Theme of Sonnet 18(上上p.118)His sonnet 18 e
2、xpresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Analysis of the poem1.Shakespeares English was different from modern English and his use of certain words and grammar is not used today,such as:thee,thou=you,thy=your,thine=your(yours),art=are,hath=has,doth=does,I k
3、now not=I dont know,more better=better t is=it,tis=it is,twas=it was,and so on.The first two quatrains focus on the fair lords beauty:the poet attempts to compare it to a summers day,but shows that there can be no such comparison,since the fair lords timeless beauty far surpasses that of the fleetin
4、g,inconstant season.Summer-summer as a metaphor for youth,or perhaps beauty,or perhaps the beauty of youth.What does“eternal lines”mean in the last but one stanza?Whats the rhyme of Shakespearean Sonnet?The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved:Shall I compare thee to a sum
5、mers day?The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison.In line 2,the speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summers day:he is more lovely and more temperate.The poet describes summer as a season of extremes and disappointments.Summers days tend toward extremes:
6、they are shaken by rough winds;In them,the sun(the eye of heaven)often shines too hot,or too dim.And summer is fleeting:its date is too short,and it leads to the withering of autumn,as every fair from fair sometime declines.The final quatrain of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summ
7、er in that respect:his beauty will last forever(Thy eternal summer shall not fade.)and never die.In the couplet,the speaker explains how the beloveds beauty will accomplish this feat,and not perish because it is preserved in the poem,which will last forever;it will live as long as men can breathe or
8、 eyes can see.The Meter and Rhyme English or Shakespearean Sonnet:a poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lines,whose rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg,which marks the division of a sonnet into three quatrains(four lines)and a couplet(two rhyming lines).Sonnet 181.Shall I compare thee to a sum mers day
9、?/ei/a 2.Thou art more love ly and more tem perate:/eit/b3.Rough winds do shake the da ling buds of May,/ei/a4.And sum mers loase hath all too short a date:/eit/b5.Sometime too hot the eye of hea ven shines /aiz/c 6.And o f ten is his gold comple xion dimmd;/imd/d 7.And eve ry fair from fair sometim
10、e declines,/imd/d 8.By chance or na tures chan ging course,untrimmd;/imd/d 9.But thy eter nal sum mer shall not fade,/eid/e10.Nor lose posses sion of that fair thou owst;/ust/f11.Nor shall Death brag thou wan derst in his shade,/eid/e12.When in eter nal lines to time thou growst:/ust/f 13.So long as
11、 men can breathe or eyes can see,/i:/g14.So long lives this and this gives life to thee./i:/g我该把你比拟做夏天吗？你比夏天更可爱，更温婉：狂风会把五月的娇蕊吹落，夏天出租的期限又太短暂：有时天上的眼睛照得太热，他金色的面容常常变阴暗；一切美的事物总不免凋败，被机缘或自然的代谢摧残：但你永恒的夏天不会褪色，不会失去你所拥有的美善，死神也不能夸说你在他阴影里徘徊，当你在永恒的诗行里与时间同久长：只要人们能呼吸或眼睛看得清，此诗将永存，并且赐给你生命。陈黎译 2.Geoffrey Chaucer（1340-
12、1400）Significance 1)“the father of English poetry”(by John Dryden)2)the founder of modern English 3)the founder of English realistic literature:the greatest literate before Shakespeare 4)He was the first to be buried in Westminster Abby,for his great contribution to the making of English and literat
13、ure.Chaucers writing style 1)His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness.2)He enriched the poetic forms for the English poetry.3)He is the first people who made the London vernacular the language of his work thus make it the foundation for modern speech and establishing English as the literary languag
14、e of the country.General Introduction to The Canterbury Tales(上上p.45)Significance 1)It was the last of Geoffrey Chaucers works.2)The Canterbury Tales is Chaucers masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.3)It is one of the landmarks of English literature,perhaps the greatest
15、work produced in Middle English 4)It gives us a true life picture of his time.The work stands as a historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the late Middle Ages An Analysis of the opening lines As April comes,the narrator begins a pilgrimage to Canterbury from the Tabard Inn
16、 at Southwerk.Twenty-nine people make the pilgrimage toward Canterbury and the narrator describes them in turn.These are the opening lines with which the narrator begins the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales.The imagery in this opening passage is of springs renewal and rebirth.After the long
17、sleep of winter,people begin to stir,feeling the need to“go on pilgrimages,”or to travel to a site where one worships a saints relics as a means of spiritual cleansing and renewal.3.John Donne（1572-1631）Significance 1)Founder of Metaphysical School(玄学派)2)Donne was the leading exponent of a style of
18、poetry called metaphysical poetry,which flourished in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.3)The most striking feature of Donnes Poetry is his frequent use of conceit(奇喻).The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love,death and religion.Themes of Holy Sonnet 10(Deanth be not proud)
19、(上p.138)His Holy Sonnet 10 reveals his belief in life after death.Death is momentarily while happiness after death is eternal.One short sleep past,we wake eternally,And death shall be no more;Death,thou shalt die.1.What does sleep mean?Death.2.How do you understand we live eternally?Life and death a
20、re two periods.Death is the expansion of life.Shortly after our death,our soul will enter heaven and live happily forever.4.Robert Burns（1759-1796）Significance 1)Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs 2)He is the national poet of Scotland.Robert Burns is representative of Scotla
21、nd.He has become almost a national symbol of all things Scottish.3)the greatest poet Scotland in the late 18th century has ever produced;4)a remarkable lyricist on the theme of love and friendship;5)a patriotic poet calling for national independence,liberty,equality and fraternity for all the people
22、 in the world;6)a peasant poet sharing his peoples feelings and drawing material from the folk legends and songs;7)He was the peoples poet.He came from the people and wrote for the people.A Red,Red Rose(上p.328)A Red,Red Rose is written as a ballad with four stanzas of four lines,or quatrains each Th
23、eme This is a poem of love and reassurance.Burns is leaving his love and intends to reassure her of his fidelity and love for her in his absence.A Red Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰一朵红红的玫瑰Oh my loves like a red red rose,我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花花thats newly sprun in June;六月里刚抽芽；六月里刚抽芽；Oh my love like the melody,我
24、的爱人像一曲妙乐，我的爱人像一曲妙乐，Thats sweetly played in tune.演奏的甜蜜和谐。演奏的甜蜜和谐。As fair art thou my bonnie lass,我的好姑娘，你那样美貌无双，我的好姑娘，你那样美貌无双，So deep in love am I;我是这样的痴情异样；我是这样的痴情异样；And I will love thee still，my dear 敬爱的，我将恒久爱你，敬爱的，我将恒久爱你，Till sthe seas gang dry.直到海水枯干。直到海水枯干。Till sthe seas gang dry,my dear,直到海水枯干直到
25、海水枯干,And the rocks melt withe sun.太阳把岩石熔成浆：太阳把岩石熔成浆：I will love thee still,my dear,敬爱的，我将恒久爱你，敬爱的，我将恒久爱你，Whle the sands olife shall run.只要生命不断。只要生命不断。And fare theeweel,my only love!我唯一的爱人，再见！我唯一的爱人，再见！And fare thee weel,a while!短暂一别，再见！短暂一别，再见！And I will come again,my love,我仍要回来，我的爱人，我仍要回来，我的爱人，Thoi
26、t were ten thousand mile!纵然路隔万里远！纵然路隔万里远！5.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)Significance 1)He is the third greatest poet and the greatest lyric poet in English literature.2)He is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry,and he is regareded as a“worshipper of nature”.3)He was one of“lake poets”4
27、)He is a poet in memory of the past and was called prophets of nature I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud（下（下p.19）Form The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme:ABABCC.Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter（四音步）.Characteristics The poem is a master piece on nature.Sig
28、nificance This poem typically depicts the serene beauty of nature and shows the poets respect for nature as well.Exercises For oft,when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dance with t
29、he daffodils.(1)What is the bliss of the solitude?The Daffodils the poem saw.(2)Interpret the passage.It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind when he is solitude/lonely.(3)Why did the poet write the poem,what did he want to express?The poem depicts/deals with the flower
30、s that he came across along waterside,by which he expresses the quiet,sympathy,loving feeling to nature just like his words poetry is from emotion recollected in tranquility.IWanderedLonelyasaCloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云 I wandered lone ly as a cloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云 That floats on high oer vales and hills,在山丘和谷地上漂
31、移，When all at once I saw a crowd,突然间我望见一群 Ahost,ofgold enda ffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，Beside thelake,beneath thetrees,在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering anddancing inthebreeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。Conti nuous as thestars thatshine 连绵不绝，如繁星绚丽，Andtwink leon themil kyway,在银河里闪闪发光，Theystretched inne ver-en dingline 它们沿着湖湾的边缘 Along them
32、ar ginof abay:延长成无穷无尽的一行；Tenthou sandsaw Iat aglance,我一眼望见了一万朵，Tossing theirheads inspright lydance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。Thewaves beside themdanced;butthe粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-did thespark lingwaves inglee:水仙的欢欣却赛过水波；Apo etcould notbut begay,与这样愉快的伴侣为伍，Insuch ajo cundcom pany:诗人怎能不满心快乐！Igazed-andgazed-butli ttlethough
33、t 我久久凝视，却想象不到 Whatwealth theshow tome hadbrought;这奇景赐予我多少财宝，Foroft,whenon mycouch Ilie 每当我躺在床上不眠，Inva cantor inpen sivemood,或心神空茫，或静默深思，Theyflash upon thatin wardeye 它们常在心灵中出现，Whichis thebliss ofso litude;那是孤独之中的福祉；Andthen myheart withplea surefills,于是我的心便涨满华蜜，Anddan ceswith theda ffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
34、Notes:1.daffodil:水仙花2.oer:prep.=over3.vale:山谷4.host:(常与of连用)很多，一大群5.goldendaffodil:在英国，水仙花多为黄色，所以这里用“金黄色”来描绘水仙花的颜色 6.fluttering:迎风飘扬7.MilkyWay:银河8.sprightlydance:生气勃勃的舞蹈 9.out-do:赛过，超过10:inglee:欢欣鼓舞11.jocundcompany:快乐的同伴 12.oft:(古)=often13.pensive:凄凉的，忧愁的14.theblissofsolitude:孤独的华蜜 6.Percy Bysshe Sh
35、elley（17921822）Ode to the West Wind(下下p.50)Genre of the Poem The ode is a lyric poem of some length,dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Form of the poem Each of the seven parts of Ode to the West Wind contains five stanzas-four three-line stanzas and a
36、 two-line couplet,all metered in iambic pentameter.The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima(三行诗节押韵法),Thus each of the seven parts of Ode to the West Wind follows this scheme:ABA BCB CDC DED EE.Summary Ode to the West Wind is one of Shelleys best known lyrics.The poet descr
37、ibes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind.ExercisesO wild West Wind,thou breath of Autumns being,Thou,from who
38、se unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven,like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,alliteration personificationQuestions:(1)What kind of wind does west wind refer to?Autumn wind.(2)What do these lines describe?The destructive power of the west wind that drives away all the old and rotten things.Wild
39、 spirit,which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver;hear,O hear!(1)What does the wild spirit refer to?wild spirit refers to west wind/autumn wind.(2)Why called it Destroyer and Preserver at the same time?Because west wind buries the dead leaves,the symbol of old rotten society,and also the t
40、hings,thoughts,or ideas that are dead or obsolete.Meanwhile it prepares for a new spring,and preserves new life or seeds that will come to life in the spring,the symbol of a new world.(3)Identify the poet and the poem.Ode to the west wind of Percy Shelley.(terza rima)As thus with thee in prayer in m
41、y sore need.Oh!Lift me as a wave,a leaf,a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life!I bleed!A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee:tameless,and swift ad proud.A heavy weight of hours It refers to burdens and pressures of life moral and cultural conventions picked up by individual
42、s in life lessons learned from life experience sufferings and misfortunes in life(1)Explain I fall upon the thorns of life,I bleed“The sentence call Shelleys desire that he couldnt best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary reality of everyday!(2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion c
43、ontained in the poem?Whats that?In the poem,the west wind has become the poet himself,he wants to be free,proud and uncontrollable like the wild west wind,to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind.(3)The poet was called the the heart of all hearts,he trumpeted the radical pr
44、ophecy of hope and rebirth.Please write out his classic words.If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter.The question has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons,but is a reference to death and rebirth
45、as well.It illustrates Shelleys critical attitude to the ugly society and can best express Shelleys optimistic belief in the bright future of mankind in face of the cold winter,that is the cold society,and the harsh social reality.It may mean that after the struggles and problems in life,there would
46、 always be a solution.7.John Keats(1795-1821)Significance 1)The most talented of the English romantic poets 2)He wrote best odes in English literature 3)The last of the great Romantics 4)The most attractive Romantic figure because of his personal life and his poetry 5)A poet of great beauty 6)A clos
47、e friend of ShelleysOde on a Grecian Urn(下下p.77)Type of poem:lyric poem Type of lyric poem:ode Exercise 1:Thou still unravishd bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,Sylvan historian,who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme (1)Who is the poet?The name?
48、(2)Explain the sentence.(3)What was the theme of the poem?Answer:(1)This is the ode on a Grecian Urn,which was written by the poet-rohn Keats.(2)The sentence means:though time has passed,the urn,the works of the art still remains,and it tells a pastoral/lyrical tale to us,and the description of the
49、urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human.(3)The theme is:Human life is transient,but the art is immortal.Exercise 2:O Attic shape!Fair attitude!With brede As doth eternity:cold pastoral!(1)How do you understand cold pastoral (2)What device is used in the poem?(3)Explain the implication
50、 of the poem.At the end of the poem,the poet gave a famous saying,and it is also the theme of the poem,what is that?Answer:(1)Cold pastoral means the lyrical scene on the Grecian urn lacks life and warmth.(2)Contrast.(3)The poet wanted to show the permanence of the art and the transience of human pa