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1、于对市爱美阳光实验学校高一英语暑假专题句子的种类冀教【本讲信息】一.教学内容：暑假专题句子的种类 一按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。1陈述句Declarative Sentences：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。说明事实 The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。说明看法 2疑问句Interrogative Sentences：提出问题。有以下四种：A.一般疑问句General Questions：Can you finish the work in time
2、?你能按时完成工作吗？B.特殊疑问句Wh-Questions：Where do you live?你住哪儿？c.选择疑问句Alternative Questions：Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions：He doesnt know her,does he?他不认识她，对不对？3祈使句Imperative Sentences：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：Dont be nervous!别紧张！4感慨句Exclamatory Sentences：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒情绪。例如：What good news it
3、 is!多好的消息啊！二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1简单句Simple Sentences：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。2并列句Compound Sentences：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good,but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3复合句Complex Sentences：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由附属连词引导。例如：The film ha
4、d begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已演了。三根本句型Basic Sentence Patterns：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种根本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1主+动SV例如：I work.我工作。2主+动+表SVP例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3主+动+宾SVO例如：She studies English.她学英语。4主+动+宾+补SVOC例如：Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的。5 主+动+间宾+直宾 SVOiOd 例如：My mother made me a new
5、dress.我母亲给我做了一件衣裳。1.祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告。1祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加 do 但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子。例如：Take this seat.坐这儿。Do be careful.务必小心。否结构：例如：Dont move.不准动。Dont be late.不要迟到。2第二种祈使句以 let 开头。Let 的反意疑问句：A.Lets 包括说话者。例如：Lets have another try,shall we/shant we?=Shall we have another try?我们再试一次，如何？B.Let
6、us 不包括说话者。例如：Let us have another try，will you/wont you?=Will you please let us have another try?你让我们再试一次，好吗？否结构：例如：Lets not talk of that matter.不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter.你不要让我们谈这件事。2.感慨句结构 感慨句通常有 what,how 引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦感情。what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感慨句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感慨句的。How+形容词+a+名词
7、+陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is!他是多聪明的孩子！How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is!小毛头真可爱！What+名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making!他们真吵！What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is!他是多聪明的孩子！What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas we have!我们的主意真棒！What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is!多
8、冷的天！What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!典型例题：1_ food youve cooked!A.How a nice B.What a nice C.How nice D.What nice 答案 D。由于 how 修饰形容词，副词；what 修饰名词。且 food 为不可数名词，因此 A，B 排除。C 的 How+adj.后面不能再加名词，因此只有 D 正确，其句型为 What+adj.+n.不可数。2_terrible weather weve been having these days!A.What B.What a C
9、.How D.How a 答案 A。weather 为不可数名词，B，D 排除。C 为 how+adj.后面不有名词。只有 A，符合句型 What+形容词+不可数名词。3_ I had!You really suffered a lot.A.What a time B.What time C.How a time D.How time 答案 A。感慨句分两类：1What+n.+主谓 2How+adj./adv./v.+主谓。此题属第一种，但省略了 bad，相对于 What a bad time I had!这是个习惯用语。3.强调句结构 常用的强调句结构是 it 引导的句子，结构为 It is
10、was+被强调+that who+句子的其余。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：It is from the sun that we get light and heat.我们从太阳那儿获取光和热。It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。典型例题：1It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the time B.when C.that D.which 答案 C。强调句的结构是：It+be+强
11、调+that who+主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that 和 who。当强调的是人，且为句子的主语时，才用“who，其余用 that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间：It was yester
12、day evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.注意不用 when 强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.2It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada.A.that B.when C.since D.as 答案 C。考点是连词用法。此题易误选为 A.that.其实本句不是强调句。假设是，去掉It be that还是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉“It isthat，只剩下
13、 ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。4.用助动词进行强调 句子的强调句还可以用助动词 do did，does 强调谓语。例如：She does like this horse.她确实喜欢这匹马。Please do take care of yourself.千万保重。5.反意疑问句 1陈述的主语是 I，疑问要用 arent I。例如：Im as tall as your sister,arent I?我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2陈述的谓语是 wish，疑问要用 may+主语。例如：I wish to have a word
14、with you,may I?我想与你说句话，行吗？3陈述用 no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 否含义的词时，疑问用肯含义。例如：Some plants never blown 开花,do they?有些植物从不开花，对吗？4含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述是肯的，疑问用 shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。例如：He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?他该知道该做什么，对吗？5陈述有 have to+v.had to+v.，疑问常用 do
15、nt+主语didnt+主语。例如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow,dont we?我们要在早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6陈述的谓语是 used to 时，疑问用 didnt+主语或 usednt+主语。例如：He used to take pictures there,didnt he?/usednt he?他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7陈述有 had better+v.疑问句用 hadnt you?例如：Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?你最好自己去读，好吗？8陈述有 would rather+v.，疑
16、问多用 wouldnt+主语。例如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9陈述有 Youd like to+v.疑问用 wouldnt+主语。例如：Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?你想和我们一块去，对吗？10陈述有 must 的疑问句，疑问根据实际情况而。例如：He must be a doctor,isnt he?他肯是医生，是吗？You must have studied English for three years,havent y
17、ou?/didnt you?你一读过英语，对吗？He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他肯是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11感慨，疑问用 be+主语。例如：What colors,arent they?多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12陈述由 neither nor,either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问根据其实际逻辑意义而。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13陈述主语是指示代词或不代词 everything,that,nothing,this,疑问主语用 it。例如：Everyth
18、ing is ready,isnt it?一切就绪，是吗？14陈述为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问有三种情况：A.并列复合句疑问，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而。例如：Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times,he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?史密斯先生曾几次去过，按理说他现在该在中国，是吗？B.带有语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问谓语根据主句的谓语而。例如：He said he wanted to visit Japan,didnt he?他说他想去看看，他是那样说的吗？c.陈述主句为第一
19、人称，谓语是 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 引导的语从句，疑问与宾语从句相对构成反意疑问句。例如：I dont think he is bright,is he?我认为他并不聪明，是吗？We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15陈述主语是不代词 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one，疑问常用复数 they，有时也用单数 he。例如：Everyone knows the answer,dont they?does he?人人都知道答案，是
20、这样吧？Nobody knows about it,do they?does he?没人知道这件事，是吧？16带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问常用 need dare +主语。例如：We need not do it again,need we?我们不必重做一遍，是吗？He dare not say so,dare he?他不敢这样说，是吗？当 dare,need 为实义动词时，疑问用助动词 do+主语。例如：She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?她不敢单独回家，是吗？17省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问用 will you
21、。例如：Dont do that again,will you?别再这样做，好吗？Go with me,will you/wont you?跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you?例如：Lets go and listen to the music,shall we?一起去听音乐，好吗？Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?你让我们在阅览室你，是吗？18陈述是“there be结构的，疑问用 there 省略主语代词。例如：There is someth
22、ing wrong with your watch,isnt there?你的表有问题，对不对？There will not be any trouble,will there?不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19否前缀不能视为否词，其反意疑问句仍用否形式。例如：It is impossible,isnt it?这不可能，是吗？He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20must 在表“推测时，根据其推测的情况来确反意疑问句。例如：He must be there now,isnt he?他现在肯在那儿，是吧？It must be goi
23、ng to rain tomorrow,wont it?肯要下雨，是吗？【模拟试题】1.Youd rather watch TV this evening,_?A.isnt it B.hadnt you C.wouldnt you D.wont you 2.I suppose youre not going today,_?A.are you B.do you C.dont you D.arent you 3.I wish to shake hands with you,_?A.shall I B.may I C.do I D.will I 4.Three hours ought to be
24、enough time,_?A.oughtnt three hours B.didnt they C.shouldnt it D.shouldnt three hours 5.They have to study a lot,_?A.dont they B.havent they C.did they D.hadnt they 6.When the car crashed,your brother escaped being hurt,_?A.didnt he B.did he C.did it D.didnt it 7.Im sure dirty,_?A.am I B.isnt I C.ar
25、ent I D.am not I 8.You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post.I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it,_ you?A.do B.did C.dont D.didnt 9.Thats the sort of the book you want,_?A.is it D.isnt that C.is that D.isnt it 10.All these dictionaries are a great help to
26、 you,_?A.are they B.arent they C.are all these dictionaries D.arent all these dictionaries 11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting,_?A.wasnt it B.was it C.didnt we D.werent we 12.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon,but he should have finished them by now,_?A.hasnt he B.has he
27、 C.shouldnt he D.didnt you 13.David told me that you would take a trip to America,_?A.would you B.wouldnt you C.did you D.didnt you 14.There appeared to be no better way,_?A.was there B.were there C.did there D.didnt there 15.You has some trouble finding where I live,_?A.didnt you B.hadnt you C.do I
28、 D.dont I 16.He has his hair cut every month,_?A.has he B.hasnt he C.does he D.doesnt he 17.Your friend needs to come earlier,_?A.does he B.doesnt he C.need he D.neednt he 18.The little boy dare not go to church,_?A.dare he B.darent he C.does he D.doesnt he 19.Susand have worked abroad if shed had t
29、he chance,_?A.has she B.hadnt she C.would she D.wouldnt she 20.Everyones having a good time,_?A.is he B.isnt everyone C.does he D.arent they 21.Any one can join the club,_?A.can any one B.cant any one C.cant they D.can they 22.Tell me how to operate the electronic computer,_?A.will you B.shant you C
30、.do you D.dont you 23.Magaret scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day,_?A.doesnt she B.does she C.do you D.dont you 24.Lets listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned,_?A.do we B.dont we C.shall we D.shant we 25.You think youre funny,_?A.didnt you B.are you C.dont you D.do you 26.Ja
31、net used to take part in labor in that village,_?A.used she B.did she C.didnt she D.should she 27.What beautiful weather,_?A.is it B.isnt it C.wont it D.doesnt it 28.He ought to go to Kwangchow by plane,_?A.should he B.shouldnt he C.would he D.wouldnt he 29.We never dared to ask him a question,_?A.d
32、id we B.didnt we C.dared we D.darent we 30.Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been,_?A.will he B.wont nobody C.will they D.wont they 31.You must have made the mistake,_?A.mustnt you B.havent you C.didnt you D.hadnt you 32.Learning how to repair computers takes a long time,_?A.isnt it B.a
33、rent they C.doesnt it D.dont they 33.Jack has coffee with breakfast,_?A.hasnt Jack B.hasnt he C.doesnt Jack D.doesnt he 34.They must have stayed at hotel last night,_?A.mustnt they B.havent they C.didnt they D.hadnt they 35.There isnt anything wrong with the radio,_?A.is there B.is it C.does it D.do
34、es there 36.You must be hungry,_?A.must you B.mustnt you C.are you D.arent you 37.Lets do the exercises by ourselves,_?A.shall we B.shant we C.will you D.will we 38.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned,_?A.had she B.hadnt she C.didnt she D.didnt her daughter 39.The teacher had a talk wi
35、th you,_?A.has you B.hadnt she C.did she D.didnt she 40.Somethingll have to be done about the air pollution,_?A.wont it B.will it C.has it D.does it 试题答案 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.A