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1、 1 Book 3 Module 1 Europe(教师版)Period 1 introduction Word study:1.The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.off the coast of 离陆地不远的海上 句中的 off 是介词，译为“与相离，脱离”eg.He lives in a villagea little away off the road.他住在离大路不远的村子里。It will be a good thing when those old cars are off the
2、 roads.那些旧车不再上路将是件大好事 continental adj.大陆的 n.continent 大陆 2.France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.Europes third largest country 形容词的 最高级 级前加上了序数词 third 来修饰，如 eg.The second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuan.第二贵的西服花了我 1000。face n.脸；面，表面 v.面对
3、，面临；朝向；正视【拓展】in(the)face of 面对 be faced with 面临/面对 make a face(make faces)做鬼脸；扮怪相 face up to 大胆面向 hit sb.in the face 打中某人的脸 save ones face 保全面子 lose ones face 失面子 face to face 面对面(做状语)facetoface 面对面的(做定语)eg.(1)_Faced_ _with_difficulty,we didnt give in.面对困难，我们没有屈服。(2)The house faces (to the)south.这房子
4、朝南。(3)Liu Hulan faced the enemy bravely/with courage.刘胡兰勇敢地面对敌人。(4)If anything goes wrong,it is I who will have to face the music.如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。3.Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.Part of /half of/two thirds of/20 percent of+可数名词复数+复数谓语 Part of /half of/two thirds of/20 percent o
5、f+不可数名词+单数谓语 eg.Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasses.接近 70%的学生都戴眼镜。Half of the food was wasted.一半的食物都浪费了 cover v.覆盖 cover A with B=A is covered with/by 4range n.排；连续；山脉；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程 v.排列，使排队；(动植物)分布；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 a wide range of 一系列 a full range of 各种 in/out of the range of 在/超出
6、范围 out of ones range 某人能力达不到的 range from.to.在范围内变动，包括(由到)之间的各类事物 range between.and.在和范围内变动 eg.(1)The child was now outof her range of vision.这孩子已经走出了她的视线。(2)There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。(3)Estimates of the damage range between$1 million and$5 million.估计损失在 100 万到 5
7、00 万美元之间。(4)She has had a number of different jobs,ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。2 Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary&Function Reading Part:I some phrases in the passage:be situated(located)on/in 位于某处 more than 超过；不仅仅 be famous for 因而出名be famous as 作为而出名 be famous to 为所熟知
8、 two-thirds 三分之二 the second largest city 第二个最大的城市 be designed by(sb.)由所设计 work on 从事 notuntil 直到才 because of 由于 in the 1300s 在 14 世纪 last for 持续 of all time 一直，有史以来 such as 例如 ever since 从那以后 II.Lauguage points:1.Paris is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine.situated=lo
9、cated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处的)常见的结构是 be situated on/in/to/located 位于某处；处于地位(境遇、立场)的【拓展】situate v.使位于；使处于 situation n.建筑物等的位置；形势，立场，境遇 be badly/well situated 境况困难/良好 be in an embarrassing situation 处境尴尬 the international situation 国际(国内)形势 eg.(1)The school is situated in the suburbs.这所学校位于郊外。(2)He was ver
10、y badly situated.他处于困境中。(3)I am now in a difficult situation.我现在处境困难。2.Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.work on (sth)“继续工作，对起作用”=contribute to 从事，致力于 spend time/energy on sth.eg.他近期一直忙着写新小说。He is working on his new novel in these days.【拓展】：work at 从事于 致力于 work out 做出；算出
11、3.Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance,a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.1)“Florence is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后 which 引导的是定语从句，修饰city。从句中“a great artistic movement.”是 the Renaissance 的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一个定语从句“wh
12、ich began in.years”来修饰 movement。2)because of “由于，因为”(后接 n./doing/pron)thanks to,owning to，as a result of,due to，on account of 而 because 是一个连词，后者接句子。试比较：He was late because of the rain yesterday.He was late because it rained yesterday.3)in the 1300s 意为“在 14 世纪 30 年代”，注意表示“世纪年代”时，要在年代后加 s，类似的表达有：in on
13、es thirties 在某人三十多岁时。eg.When he was _,he got seriously ill _ his addiction to smoking.A.in his twenty;because of B.in his twenties;because C.in his twenties;because of 4.Their work has influenced over writers ever since.ever since“从那以后”，要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far,up till now,by now,recently,
14、lately,since last(month),in/for the past 一段时间,since.ago 等。eg.He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。I havent seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。3 We have completed half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。The couple have been working very hard fo
15、r/in the last(past)ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。【拓展】：(1)It is/was/has been时间段since.自从已经多久了 It will be/was时间段before.再有多长时间才(2)在 It is/was时间段since.句型中，若 since 从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。eg.It is three years since he joined the army.他参军 3 年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟 3 年了(不吸烟)。eg.How long do you
16、 suppose it is _ he arrived there?(D)Awhen Bbefore Cafter Dsince opposite prep.在对面 adj.相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的 adv.在对面 n.反义词，对立的事物，相反的人 opposition n.反对，敌对，相反 oppositely adv.相对地，对立地 be opposite from 与相反；不相容 be opposite to 在对面；与相反 just the opposite 恰恰相反 eg.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar.坐在我
17、们对面的人看上去面(2)Light is opposite to shadow.光亮与阴暗是相反的。(3)Mary isnt shy at alljust the opposite in fact.玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。(4)We sat opposite，talking.我们相对而坐，说着话。sign n.记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹 v.签(名)；做手势；做记号 signature n.签名 traffic signs 交通标志 a sign of rain 下雨的预兆 talk by signs 用手势交谈 make/give a sign to 对做手势 sign in/o
18、ut 签到/签退 sign for/up 签字领取/报名参加 sign sb.to do sth.打手势让某人做某事 eg.(1)There were no signs of life on the island.那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。(2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign.在我发信号之前，谁也没动。(3)He signs(to/for)me to stop.他打手势让我停下。(4)This is a registered letter,and someone will have to sign for it.这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。(5)I
19、m thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。课文部分练习题：1There had been no _of life on Mars so far,though great efforts have been made on research.Asymbol Bsign Cmark Dsignal 2Known _ a writer,Jin Yong,whose real name is Zha Liangyong,is well known _ Chinese people _ his
20、 wonderful works.Aas;for;to Bfor;to;as Cas;to;for Dto;as;for _ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face For more than 20 years,weve been supporting educational programs that_from kindergartens to colleges.Aspread Bmove Cshift Drange _ in the east of t
21、he city,the museum is one of the biggest of its kind in the country.ALocating BBeing located CLocated DTo be located The library is on the _ side of the road from the school.Aacross Bcontrary Copposed Dopposite 4(2007浙江)The openair celebration has been put off_ the bad weather.Ain case of Bin spite
22、of Cinstead of Dbecause of _，the wind died down and people began to appear on the street.AA little bit BA bit less CNot a little DLittle by little I would like a job which pays more but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.Ain other words Bon the other hand Cfor one thing Das a matter of fact 1
23、_ the northeast coast of the sea,we could find the forest was on fire on the island _ the coast.AOn;on BOff;off COn;off DOff;on 1_ he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker has a lot of experience.ASince BUnless CAs DAlthough 1Wang Hailings first book was a great success and she _ famous as
24、a writer in the army ever since.Ahad been Bhas been Cwas Dbecame Function Part:Words Usage across on the other side of 在另一边 between having one thing on one side and sth else on the other 在之间 常构成 between and off away from 远离 off the coast to in the direction 在的外面，不接壤 on next to,along the side of 接壤,在
25、河边 on the river/coast in within a place or area 在内部【注】：across 指从一个平面上穿过；through 指从物体的中间穿过，给人以立体感 across 与 cross across 是介词，不能在句中作谓语；cross 是动词，在句中作谓语 Other prepositions or prepositional phrases(其他介词或介词短语)：Describe locations:On the left/right,in front of,behind,near,next to,opposite,表达地点 above,below,b
26、eside.Describe movement 表达运动:to,from Practice：1.The Red Army overcame many difficulties during the Long March,_ the snow mountain,_ the river and _ the forest.A.over;through;across B.over;across;through C.across;through;over D.across;over;through 2.Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian and lies _ the east
27、of China.A.in;in B.in;to C.to;/D.to;/in 3.The country is a small island _ the south coast of the Pacific Ocean.A.of B.from C.off D.on 4.As I came _ the town,I found many houses had been destroyed by the earthquake.A.through B.across C.cross D.in 5 Period grammar Part 1 Subject and Verb agreement 主谓一
28、致 (一)主谓一致三原则 1语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语为复数，谓语亦为复数。eg.He does well in maths.Australia is an extremely rich country.2意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。eg.The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。3就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。eg.Either he or I am right.There is a dictionary
29、and some books on the desk.【注】：三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。eg.More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。eg.More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数)(二)主谓一致细说 1谓语用单数时的情况：(1)不可数名词做主语时。eg.There is a lot of water in the jar.
30、【注】：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。eg.One million tons of oil were produced last year.(2)不定式短语(to do)、动名词短语(doing sth.)和从句做主语时。eg.That she will come here tomorrow is certain.Taking more exercises is healthy.【注】：what 从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：What they want is nothing but a rest.和 What h
31、e wants are two books.当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。eg.What he said has left us much to think about.(3)主语是形单意单的词 主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as，with，together with，besides，except，but，including，rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。(就前原则)eg.The teacher as well as his students is playing football.In some parts of the
32、 world，tea is served with milk or sugar.主语是 each 或单数主语被 each，every 修饰时。eg.Each of the boys has a pencil box.Here every student is good at drawing.【注】：单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语也用单数。eg.Every desk and chair is new.Each teacher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school
33、.【注】：each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。eg.They each have finished their exercises.6 主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either，neither 修饰时。eg.Either of the answers is correct.Neither answer proves to be correct.every/some/any/nobody/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词做主语时。eg.Nobody is absent.主语是 a kind/sort/type of单数或复数名词时，因为
34、kind/sort/type是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以，谓语与其一致。eg.This kind of wheat isnt grown in our country.(4)主语是形复意单的词 以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。eg.The United Nations(联合国)was founded in 1945.以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。eg.Physics is taught in all middle schools.“One and a half复数名词”做主语时。eg.One and a half days is all I can sp
35、are.2谓语用复数时的情况(1)主语是形单意复的词 people，police 等集合名词做主语时。eg.The police have caught the thieves.“the/these/those形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人，这一结构做主语时。eg.Those wounded were taken good care of.“the形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视做单数。eg.The beautiful gives pleasure to people.“the表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构做主语时。eg.The Chinese are a bra
36、ve and hardworking people.(2)主语是形复意复的词 某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。eg.Things are getting worse and worse.The surroundings are usually quiet here.“one or two复数名词”做主语时。eg.There are one or two tickets left.glasses，compasses，trousers 等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。eg.My trousers are worn out.若前面有 pair 等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。eg.The
37、re is a pair of compasses on the desk.There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.3谓语用单数或复数均有可能(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时，谓语用单数。eg.Ten dollars is what he needs.和 Twenty kilometres isnt a short distance.若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。eg.Five years have passed since I joined the League.(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时
38、，谓语一般用复数。eg.Reading and writing are both very important.Hard work and plain living(艰苦和朴素)are the fine qualities of a person.7 若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数，但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。eg.The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师)is very strict with us.Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food.Hard work and pla
39、in living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.(3)family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy，committee，population 等集合名词做主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。eg.The population of China is large.中国人口众多。若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。eg.Nearly 80%of the population of China are farmers.中国将近 80%的人口是农民。(4)what
40、，which，who，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。eg.All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数)All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时，是复数)(5)none 做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。(6)“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。eg.Most of the peop
41、le agree with us.Most of the money is spent on clothes.(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定 eg.All means have been tried.Every means has been tried.(8)在四则运算中，加(add/plus)、乘(times/multiply)后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减(minus/subtract)、除(divide)后面的谓语动词只能用单数。eg.Three plus three makes/make six.Thirtyfive divided by five is
42、 seven.(四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致（就近原则）(1)either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，not.but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。eg.Either you or I am wrong.Are neither you nor he for the plan?(2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。eg.Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you.5主谓一致的其他情况(1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主
43、语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。eg.It is I who am to answer for her safety.(2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。eg.Do you know the girls who are soldiers?【注】：当先行词为“one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。eg.She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.（先行词为 girls）当先行词为“the(only)one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。eg.She is the only one of the
44、 girls who has passed the exam.8(3)“many a/more than one单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。eg.Many a student has joined the League recently.(4)“the number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。译为“的数量”“a number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。译为“大量的”eg.The number of the students in our school is larger than that in their school.A number of people are ag
45、ainst the proposal.主谓一致练习：1.Large quantities of water _every day here while it is in great need in some faraway area.A.are being wasted B.is wasted C.have been wasted D.was wasted 2.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report yesterday.A.are B.have been C.was D.were 3.Zhangs family _ rather b
46、ig and his family _ fond of music.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are 4._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifths;are C.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;is 5.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A.are B.has C.is D.were 6.His cattle _ very fat.A.is
47、B.have C.has D.are 7.The audience _ large and the audience _ enjoying every minute of the play.A.are,is B.is,have C.is has D.is are 8.Where _ my jeans?I cant find them.A.is B.are C.was D.were 9.The surroundings _ ugly and dirty.I dont like to live here.A.was B.were C.is D.are 10.There _ a watch and
48、chain on the table.A.have B.has C.are D.is 11.Skating and swimming _ my favorite sports when I was young.A.is B.are C.was D.were 12.All _ ready for the Christmas party and all _ eager to enjoy the ball.A.was,is B.is were C.is,are D.are,is 13.Not only his children but also his wife _ to visit the zoo
49、.A.likes B.like C.has liked D.have liked 14.Neither you,nor I,nor anyone else _ willing to do this work.A.are B.is C.am D.has 15.Bob,as much as his brothers,_ responsible for the accident.A.was B.were C.had D.are 16.Tom,more than anyone else,_ anxious to go to China again.A.is B.are C.has being D.ha
50、ve being 17.Jane is one of the best students in her class who _ by their teacher.Aare praised Bis praised Cpraised Dpraise 18.Mr.Smith,along with his assistants,_on the project all day to meet the deadline.A.work B.working C.is working D.are working 19.When I came in,his family _ watching TV.A.are B