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1、初中英语语法大全|现在完成时的结构和用法（练习附答案）（一）基本结构 现在完成时的句子结构一般为：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分 如：We have already had lunch.He has been away for a week.（二）主要用法 1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的副词有 already、just、never、ever、yet等。如：They have already come back from the museum.She has already finished her homework.2、表示过
2、去发生的动作持续到现在，并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有 for 和 since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词（如 stay、keep、wait 等）。如：I have lived here for ten years.He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.3、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词 often、always、seldom、never 等，以及表次数的单词或短语（如 once、twice、three times）。
3、如：You have never listened to me like this before.She has ever been to France.They have visited the Summer Palace many times.（三）动词的过去分词 1、规则变化 其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同，主要是在词尾加-ed 或-d。具体的有：1）直接加-ed。如：worked、played。2）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词后加-d。如：lived、danced。3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词后改 y 为 i，再加-ed。如：studied、cried。4）以重读闭音节结尾的动
4、词后，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped、patted。2、不规则变化 如果结合动词的过去式，动词的过去分词的不规则变化中，又有一些相对的规则现象。如：1）AAA 型。如：put put put；read read read。其中，read 的过去式和过去分词虽然拼写时一样的，但其发音与原形不同，ea 不再读作i，而是e。2）AAB 型。如：beat beat beaten 3）ABB 型。如：keep kept kept；sit sat sat 4）ABC 型。如：lie lay lain；drink drank drunk 5）ABA 型。如：run ran run；com
5、e came come （四）标志性词语 1、副词 already、just、never、ever、yet 等。如：She hasnt arrived in Scotland yet.They have just left for Shanghai.2、for 和 since。for+一段时间，since+具体时间。如：He has learned Italian for five months.He has learned Italian since five months ago.3、so far 和 up to/till now。表示“迄今为止”。如：So far,no one has
6、heard any news about her.She has read fifty books up to now.4、recently、lately 等表示“最近；最新”的副词和形容词。如：Ive met her on several occasions recently.He hasnt had enough sleep lately.5、in the past/last+一段时间，表示“在过去的.时间里”。如：In the past few years,new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing.He had aged rapidly
7、in the last few months.6、次数。如：Ive tried many times,but theres no way.He has been there at least twice.（五）have been to/have gone to/have been in 1、have been to 表示“去过已回”。句子主语就在现场。如：They have been to Rome many times.She has been to Shanghai more than once.2、have gone to 表示“去了未回”。句子主语不在现场。如：Jerry has go
8、ne to Hangzhou.Mary has gone to Finland.3、have been in 表示“一直待在某地”。如：We have been in Beijing for five weeks.They have been in China since 2012.（六）短暂性动词和延续性动词 所谓短暂性动词主要是指一旦发生马上就结束的动作，也叫瞬间动词，如 die、marry、leave 等。而延续性动词主要是指可以一直持续进行的动作，也叫持续性动词，如 learn、live、talk 等。两类动词都可以用于现在完成时，但是短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。此时，
9、需要把短暂性动词改为相应的表状态的动词或短语。如：错误：He has died for ten years.正确：He has been dead for ten years.错误：She has married him since five years ago.正确：She has been married to him since five years ago.（七）句型转换 因为“have/has done”中的 have/has 是助动词，所以在进行句型转换中要注意不需要再另外借助助动词 do/did/does，而是直接借用have/has。如：肯定句：He has lived her
10、e for the last few years.否定句：He hasnt lived here for the last few years.一般疑问句：Has he lived here for the last few years?特殊疑问句：How long has he lived here?（划线部分为for the last few years）现在完成时专项练习 一.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.I_ already _(see)the film.I _(see)it last week.2._ he _(finish)his work today?Not yet.3.My fa
11、ther _ just _(come)back from work.He is tired now.4.Wheres Li Ming?He _(go)to the teachers office.5.I _(work)here since I _(move)here in 1999.6.So far I _(make)quite a few friends here.7.How long _ the Wangs _(stay)here?For two weeks.8.I _ just _(finish)my homework.9.He _(go)to school on foot every
12、day.10._ you _(find)your science book yet?11.If it _(be)fine tomorrow,Ill go with you.12.The students _(read)English when the teacher came in.13.Look!The monkey _(climb)the tree.14.My mother _(come)to see me next Sunday.15.Ive lost my pen._ you _(see)it anywhere?二.单项选择.1.How long have you _ here?A.c
13、ome B.got C.arrived D.been 2.My grandpa died _.A.at the age of my 2 B.for 2 years C.when I was 2.D.my age was 6.3.Jane has _ to BeiJing.She will come back tomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.never been 4.It is ten years _ I last saw her.A.after B.since C.for D.that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet
14、Lorry?-I will.I _ her several times.A.met B.have met C.had met D.will meet 6.-What a nice dress!How long _ you _ it?-Just 2 weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes,She and I _ friends since we were very young.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have
15、 turned 8.The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A.has lived B.lived C.have been D.live 9.-Hello,this is Mr.Green speaking.Can I speak to Mr.Black?-Sorry.He _ the Bainiao Park.A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.will go to 10.-_ you ever _ to the US?-Yes,twice.A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,g
16、oing 三.句型转换 1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because he was ill.(就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3.I bough a new bike just now.(用 just 改写)I _ just _ a new bike.4.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _ _English _three years 5.He ha
17、s never surfed,_ _?(改成反意疑问句)6.They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)_ _have they been here?7.The old man _ last year.He has _ _for a year.(die)(动词填空)8.Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.答案：一.1 have,seen,saw 2 has,finished 3 has,come 4 hasgone 5 have worked,moved 6 have made 7 have,stayed 8 have,finished 9 goes 10 have,found 11 is 12 were reading 13 is climbing 14 will come 15 have,seen 二.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B 三.1 have not 2.Whyhasnt 3.have,just 4 have learnt,for 5 has he 6how long 7 died,been dead 8 been away since