初中英语名词专项讲解.pdf

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1、 _ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.名词 一 导入:有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说:“你一年里要摆 525600 下啦。”小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕,你只需一秒钟摆一下,每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了,想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊,试试看吧.果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了,小钟已经摆了 525600 下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理,当我们面对大困难的时候,往往望而怯步,孰不知只要根据实际,分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了.二 专题讲解：掌握要点:名词的分类（专有名词

2、和普通名词)名词的数 1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法 2)可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式:s 所有格及 of 所有格 知识点:一、名词的分类 1.专有名词：名字（人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言）、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy.I am a Chinese.I will go to the Great Wall on Monday.2.普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物 例:sister、table、bike、window 可数名词 集体名词 表示一群

3、人或一些事物 例:family、police、class、group 物质名词 表示构成物体的物质或材料 例：water、air、wood 不可数名词 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 例:danger、interest 区分方法:将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,例：glass 作玻璃杯时可数,作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表 glass fish chicken time 可数 玻璃杯 鱼类 小鸡 次、倍 不可数 玻璃 鱼肉 鸡肉 时间 orange light paper hair 可数

4、 橘子 电灯 报纸/试卷（几根)头发 不可数 橘汁 光 纸 头发 exercise idea life work _ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.可数 练习题 主意/意见 生命 著作 不可数 锻炼 了解 生活 工作 turkey radio youth experience 可数 火鸡 收音机 青年人 经历 不可数 火鸡肉 无线电 年轻、青春 经验 interest room 可数 爱好 房间 不可数 兴趣 空间 【注意】（1）family,class 等词作为一个整体时视为单数,强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概

5、念:police 指警察、警官的总称,本身表示复数。The police（主语）+谓语动词复数 people 指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The）people+谓语动词复数 people 指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g。fiftysix peoples 五十六个民族 二、名词的单复数形式 (1）规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s 或es 1、一般情况在词尾直接加 s,例 bags。2、以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的词加-es，例 busbuses box-boxes。3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y 变成 i 加-es 例 city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的

6、词，直接加 s。4、以 o 结尾的除 potato（马铃薯）、tomato（西红柿)、hero（英雄)加 es，其余直接加 s。5、以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 或 fe 为 v 加 es,roof、proof 直接加s，例 lifelives wifewives roof roofs。(2)不规则变化 1、单词拼写发生变化 manmen womanwomen policeman-policemen footfeet tooth-teeth mouse-mice childchildren 2、某国人变复数,口诀：中日不变英法变，其余 s 加后面 例：an EnglishmanEng

7、lishmen an AmericanAmericans 3、单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词 deer 鹿,fish 鱼,sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹 表示人的名词 Chinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss 瑞士人,kin 亲属 craft 及由-craft 构成的名词 craft 飞机，aircraft 飞机，spacecraft 太空船 表示数量的名词 Hundred 百，thousand 千，million 百万，dozen 一打，score 二十 其他 series 系列;species 种类；means 方法 _ No Cro

8、ss,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.(3)不可数名词一般只用单数,它不能与 a/an 及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：a cup of coffee（一杯咖啡）two glasses of milk（两杯牛奶）three pieces of paper(三张纸）four bottles of water（四杯水）三、名词所有格 含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是s 所有格，一种是 of 所有格 Beijing is Chinas capital。=Beijing is the captital of China.This is Toms bike=T

9、his is the bike of Tom.Lily is the keys owner.=Lily is the owner of the key.1、s 所有格构成 单数名词及不以 s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s，如 Lucys pen路西的钢笔Childrens Day(儿童节)；以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加 ，如 the students books 学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西,只需在最后一个人的名词后加s，如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom（露西和莉莉的卧室）。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s,如 Lucys and Lilys desks（露西的桌子和莉莉的桌

10、子).3。of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格.the map of China the door of the room 2)。双重所有格:of+名词所有格 of+名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _（brother）.Is she a daughter of _(you）?典型例题讲解 1.They got much _ from those new books。A。ideas B.photos C.news D.stories 2。I have two _ and three bottles of _ here。A.orange,orange B

11、。oranges，oranges C.oranges，orange D.orange，oranges 3.Every evening M r。King takes a _ to his home。A。25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walk C.25 minute walk D。25 minutes walk 4。An old _ wants to see you。A.people B。person C.the people D。the person 5。Help yourself to _。A。chickens and apples B。chickens and a

12、pple C。chicken and apple D。chicken and apples 6.Oh，dear.I forgot the two _._ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.A。rooms number B。rooms number C.room numbers D。rooms numbers 7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _。A.family B.house C。home D。room 8._ mothers couldnt go to the

13、 meeting,because they have gone to Shanghai.A。Mary and Peters B。Mary and Peter C。Marys and Peter D。Marys and Peters 9。Li Lei has been to _ many times this month。A.her uncle B。her uncles C。her uncles D。aunts 10。He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A。many experiences B.much experienc

14、e C。an experience D.a lot experience 11.A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago。A。you B。your C。your sister D。your sisters 12.A group of _ are talking with two _。A。Frenchmen，Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen 13。The team _ having a meeting.A.is B。are C.am D。be 14.“W

15、ould you like _？“_,please。”A.drink，Three coffees B.a cup of drink，Coffees C.a drink，A coffee D。a drink，Three cups of coffees 15。The Great Wall was made not only by _，but also the flesh and blood of _ men。A。earth and stone,millions of B。earths and stones，millions C.the earth and stone,million of D.th

16、e earths and stones，millions 三 巩固训练：1.This is _ reading-room。A。the teachers B。teachers C.teachers D。the teachers 2.Nothing was found but _ broken.A.the room window B.the rooms window C.the room of the window D。the window of room 3.How many_ would you like?A.paper B。bread C.pieces of papers D。pieces

17、of bread 4。He was praised for his _。A。brave B.bravery C.bravely D.great brave 5.Please get me a new _ when you go to town。A.clothes B。dress C.clothing D.trousers 6。There are 34_ doctors in the hospital。A。woman B。women C.womans D。womens 7。Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A.bamboo B.bamb

18、oos C。kinds of bamboo D。kinds of bamboos 8.He was born in this town and now he lives in _._ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.A.Building second B。Building Two C。the Building Two D。Building the Second 9.Old as he is，he has _to do every day。A.a lot of work B.much works C。lots of homeworks D.quite a lot of

19、 homeworks 10.Jacks room is furnished with _。A。new furnitures B.many new furnitures C.many new pieces of furnitures D。many new pieces of furniture 11。Have you read _newspaper yet？A。todays B。Todays C。the todays D.your todays 12。Its not far,only _walk from here to our school.A.a ten minutes B。ten minu

20、tes C。a ten minutes D.ten minutes 13.Last month，he wrote me _letter.A.a 1000-word B.1000 words C.a 1000-words D。1000 words 14.He had a _sleep yesterday。A。a good night B.a good-night C.a good nights D。good-nights 15._is not a long way to drive.A。Three miles distance B.Threemile distance C.Three miles

21、 distance D.A threemiledistance 16。His isnt fit for the work.Please get me _.A.something else B。somebody else C。someone elses D.somebodys else 17。Do you know how large _ is?A.population of China B.Chinese population C.China population D.Chinas population 18._ is too much for the boy to carry.A.The b

22、ox weight B.The boxs weight C.The weight of the box D。The box of the weight 19。Excuse me，how can I get to the nearest _ shop？A。shoes B。shoe C。shoes D.shoes 20。What _ weather were having these days!A。nice B.a nice C.a bad D。worse 21.They say that the meeting will be _。A。of very important B.great impo

23、rtance C。of great importance D。great important 22.Im going to call at _ this evening._ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.A。Mr Black B。the Blacks C。Mr Blacks D.Blacks 23.What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _。A.belief B。beliefs C。beliefs D.believs 24.There are some _waiting for you outside

24、.A.German B.American C。grown-up D。Japanese 25.Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.A.machine B.machines C。a machine D。the machine 26.Therere many _ in my brothers album。A.leafs B。toys C。books D。stamps 27。Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _。A.tomatoes B.p

25、otatos C.vegetable D。meats 28。Upon hearing what I said，his _ rose。A.anger B.angry C.angrily D.angriness 29.Excuse me,can you change this _ for me?A。fivepound note B。five pounds note C。fivepound notes D.five pounds notes 30.You have to make _ for your journey A.preparing B。preparation C。a preparation

26、 D。preparations 四 课堂过手训练：1。We havent got much for our picnic。Will you go and get some?（07)A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit 2.Ive read_ sports news about the Fl race today。(05)A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of 3。Linda，Ive bought many 。Now lets make the birthday cake。（03）A.fresh eggs B。choc

27、olate milk C。frozen food D rice dumplings 4。You can get much _ about the World Expo on the Internet.(01)A）map B)picture C)ticket D）information _ No Cross,No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.5.Come on，children.Help yourselves to some if you like。(07年南通)A fishes and chicken B fishes and chicken C fish and chicken D

28、fishes and chickens 6。They got much _ on the Interne。（07年天津）A photo B.ideas C message D。information 7。In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes.A.taxi B.the taxi C.the taxis D。taxis 8.These girls will become_.when they graduate from the medical college。A。woman doctors B.womens doctors C。women doctors D。the women doctors 9.Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises。A.girl students B.girls students C。girls students D。girls students 10。The waitress brought us_。A.glasses of juices B。glasses of juice C。glass of juices D。glass of juice 五 学生反思总结：