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1、文学翻译一起练总结篇(3)The Pleasure of Reading All the wisdom of the ages,all the stories that delighted mankind for centuries,are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how get the most value from it.The unfortunate pe
2、ople in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.I am most interested in people,in meeting them and finding out about them.Some of the remarkable people Ive met exited only in writers imagination,then on the pages of his book,and then again,in my imaginat
3、ion.I have found in books new friend,new society and new words.If I am interested in people,others are interested not so much in whom as in how.Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundreds years in the future all the way back to the first figure in history.How cover
4、s everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes to the discoveries of science and the ways of teaching manners to children.Reading is a pleasure of the mind,which means that it is a little like a sport:your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.Reading is fun,n
5、ot because the writer is telling you something,but because it makes your mind work.Your own imagination works along with the authors or even goes beyond his.Your experience,compared with his,brings you to the same or different conclusions,and your ideas develop as you understand his.Every book stand
6、s by itself,like a one-family house,but books in a library are like houses in a city.Although they are separate,together they all add up to something;they are connected with each other and with other cities.The same ideas,or related ones,turn up in different places;the human problems that repeat the
7、mselves in life repeat themselves in literature,but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be.If you concentrate on books somebody tells you ought to read,you probably wont have fun.But if you put down a book you dont l
8、ike and try another till you find one that means something to you,and then relax with it,you will almost certainly have a good time-and if you become as a result of reading,better,wiser,kinder,or more gentle,you wont have suffered during the process.It is certain no literal translation can be just t
9、o an excellent original in a superior language:but it is a great mistake to imagine(as many have done)that a rash paraphrase can make amends for this general defect;which is no less in danger to lose the spirit of an ancient,by deviating into the modern manners of expression.If there be sometimes a
10、darkness,there is often a light in antiquity,which nothing better preserves than a version almost literal.I know no liberties one ought to take,but those which are necessary to transfusing the spirit of the original,and supporting the poetical style of the translation:and I will venture to say,there
11、 have not been more men misled in former times by a servile,dull adherence to the letter,than have been deluded in ours by a chimerical,insolent hope of raising and improving their author.It is not to be doubted,that the fire of the poem is what a translator should principally regard,as it is most l
12、ikely to expire in his managing:however,it is his safest way to be content with preserving this to his utmost in the whole,without endeavouring to be more than he finds his author is,in any particular place.It is a great secret in writing,to know when to be plain,and when poetical and figurative;and
13、 it is what Homer will teach us,if we will but follow modestly in his footsteps.Where his diction is bold and lofty,let us raise ours as high as we can;but where his is plain and humble,we ought not to be deterred from imitating him by the fear of incurring the censure of a mere English critic.Nothi
14、ng that belongs to Homer seems to have been more commonly mistaken than the just pitch of his style:some of his translators having swelled into fustian in a proud confidence of the sublime;others sunk into flatness,in a cold and timorous notion of simplicity.Methinks I see these different followers
15、of Homer,some sweating and straining after him by violent leaps and bounds(the certain signs of false mettle),others slowly and servilely creeping in his train,while the poet himself is all the time proceeding with an unaffected and equal majesty before them.However,of the two extremes one could soo
16、ner pardon frenzy than frigidity;no author is to be envied for such commendations,as he may gain by that character of style,which his friends must agree together to call simplicity,and the rest of the world will call dullness.There is a graceful and dignified simplicity,as well as a bold and sordid
17、one;which differ as much from each other as the air of a plain man from that of a sloven:it is one thing to be tricked up,and another not to be dressed at all.Simplicity is the mean between ostentation and rusticity.On my head pour only the sweet waters of serenity.Give me the gift of the Untroubled
18、 Mind.Once,as a young man full of exuberant fancy,I undertook to draw up a catalogue of the acknowledged“goods”of life.As other men sometimes tabulate lists of properties they own or would like to own,I set down my inventory of earthly desirables:health,love,beauty,talent,power,riches,and fametogeth
19、er with several minor ingredients of what I considered mans perfect portion.When my inventory was completed I proudly showed it to a wise elder who had been the mentor and spiritual model of my youth.Perhaps I was trying to impress him with my precocious wisdom and the large universality of my inter
20、ests.Anyway,I handed him the list.“This,”I told him confidently,“is the sum of mortal goods.Could a man possess them all,he would be as a god.”At the corners of my friends old eyes,I saw wrinkles of amusement gathering in a patient net.“An excellent list,”he said,pondering it thoughtfully.“Well dige
21、sted in content and set down in not-unreasonable order.But it appears,my young friend,that you have omitted the most important element of all.You have forgotten the one ingredient lacking which each possession becomes a hideous torment,and your list as a whole an intolerable burden.”“And what,”I ask
22、ed,peppering my voice with truculence,“is that missing ingredient?”With a pencil stub he crossed out my entire schedule.Then,having demolished my adolescent dream structure at a single stroke,he wrote down three syllables:peace of mind.“This is the gift that God reserves for His special protgs,”he s
23、aid.“Talent and beauty He gives to many.Wealth is commonplace,fame not rare.But peace of mindthat is His final guerdon of approval,the fondest sign of His love.He bestows it charily.Most men are never blessed with it;others wait all their livesyes,far into advanced agefor this gift to descend upon t
24、hem.”我的译文：读书的乐趣 历代的智慧,几个世纪以来人类一直籍以为乐的故事,所有这些都可以从书中方便而又便宜地获得.但是我必须懂得如何利用这份宝藏,懂得如何才能使它对我们最为有益.世界上最为不幸的人,也就是那些从未体验过读好书之乐趣的人吧 我对人最为感兴趣,喜欢结识他们,喜欢了解他们.我认识的一些非凡之人,首先存在于作者的想象之中,然后表现在作品的字里行间,最后在我的想象中重新显现.我在书中找到了新的朋友,新的社会,还有新的语言.如果说我对人感兴趣的话,别人感兴趣的就是事.书中的人形形色色,从历史上第一个伟人一直到科幻小说中 200 年后的超人.书中的事也无奇不有,从福尔摩斯里的精彩案情,
25、到各种科学发现,再到如何让孩子懂得礼貌.读书是愉悦心智之事.在这一点上它与运动颇为相似:一个优秀的读者必须要有热情、有知识、有速度。读书之乐并非在于作者要告诉你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟随作者一起想像，有时你的想象甚至会超越作者的。把自己的体验与作者的相互比较，你会得出相同或者不同的结论。在理解作者想法的同时，也形成了自己的观点。每一本书都自成体系，就像一家一户的住宅，而图书馆里的藏书好比城市里千家万户的居所。尽管它们都相互独立，但只有相互结合才有意义。家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。人类生活中反复的问题也在文学中不断重现，但因时代与作品的差异，答案也
26、各不相同。如果你希望的话，读书也能充满乐趣。倘若你只读那些别人告诉你该读之书，那么你不太可能有乐趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜欢的书，试着阅读另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后轻轻松松的读下去，差不多一定会乐在其中。而且，当你通过阅读变得更加优秀，更加善良，更加文雅时，阅读便不再是一种折磨。论古典文学的翻译 可以肯定，对于高贵语言著成的作品来说，直译是不恰当的：但认为粗略的解释可以弥补这一普遍的过失更是大错特错;滥用现代的表达方式，也会使古代作品的精神丧失殆尽。如果说在古典作品中不时有黑暗愚昧之处，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而这些光明与智慧在近乎直译的译文中能更好地留存。我认为，文字的自由取决于
27、是否是传达原作精神所必需，是否有助于译作诗风的保存。我敢说，过去虽有不少亦步亦趋、机械地追求字面对应的迷途译者，但狂妄地抱有改进原作的不实理想的译者也不在少数。毋庸置疑，诗的火焰是每个翻译者都理应重视的，因为它在翻译过程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是满足于从整体篇章上尽力保留这种特质，不要试图在任何细节上超越作者。写作的奥秘在于知道何时平淡，何时绮丽；如果我们肯虚心追随荷马的脚步，一定能从他身上学到这一点。他用词豪放恢宏之处，我们也要努力挥毫泼墨；他用词平淡朴素之处，我们也不能因怕受到几个评论家的责难便不加以模仿。对于荷马来说，其最遭人误解之处莫过适当的风格高度：有些译者一味盲信其无处
28、不崇高，而致使译文浮夸失真；另外的一些译者沉迷于其简朴，因而过于拘谨呆板。我看到荷马的追随着不尽相同：有些人奋步急追，汗流浃背（这是愚勇的表现），另外一些人缓慢、卑恭地追随其后，而诗人自己却庄严从容地继续前行。然而，在两个极端当中，狂热比冷淡更加容易得到宽容；没有人会嫉妒由冷淡的风格而博得赞赏的作家，其友人一定称之为简朴，而他人则称之为枯燥。优雅庄严的简朴是存在的，同样也有突兀暗淡的简朴；两者的区别犹如朴素人与邋遢者面貌的不同：着装打扮与衣着不整完全是两码事。简朴乃是介于虚饰与粗鄙之间的一种品性。论平静的心境“仅把平静的甘露撒于我顶。赐予我安宁的心境。”当我还是一个富于幻想的青年时，我曾试图把
29、生活之中公认的“幸福”一一列出来。就像一些人有时把自己拥有的或者想要拥有的东西列成表单，我把世人最想得到的事物列成清单：健康，爱情，美丽，才能，权利。当清单完成以后，我不无骄傲地把它拿给一位睿智的老者看。他是我年少时的导师与精神楷模。或许，我想用我早熟的智慧与广博的兴趣给他留下深刻的印象。总之，我把列表递到了他手里。我满是自信地说，“这是人类幸福的总和。如果一个人能拥有这些，他便如神仙那般了。”我看到好友衰老的眼角，愉悦的皱纹耐心地结成网状。“这是一份出色的表格”他满是思考地说，“分类良好，顺序合理。但是，我年轻的朋友，你把最重要的东西给漏掉了。没有了它，其他的所得便成了一种恐怖的折磨，你的整个列表也就成为难以忍受的负担。”那么，我漏掉了什么？”我有点不服气的问到。他用铅笔头划掉了我的整个表格，一笔粉碎了我年轻的梦想,然后写下三个单词：平静的心境。“这是上帝为他特殊子民所保留的礼物”，他说“才能与美丽，他赐给了许多人。财富也普通平凡，名望也不稀有。只有平静的心境，是他给予的最终奖赏，是他最钟情的爱的像征。他小心翼翼的给予，大部分人无福享受，有些人则等了一生-是的，直到老年，才等到这份赐予降临。