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1、中国传统节日：春节 Spring Festival The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together,just like Christmas in the West.All people living away from home go back,becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the
2、 Spring Festival.Airports,railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month,often one month later than the Gregorian calendar.It originated in the Shang Dynasty(c.1600 BC-c.1100 BC)from the peoples sacrific
3、e to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.Strictly speaking,the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year.Of them,the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and t
4、he first three days.The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.Many customs accompany the Spring Festival.Some are still followed today,but others have weakened.On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month,many families make laba porridge,a delicious ki
5、nd of porridge made with glutinous rice,millet,seeds of Jobs tears,jujube berries,lotus seeds,beans,longan and gingko.The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve.At this time,people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god.Now however,most families make delicious food to enjoy themselve
6、s.After the Preliminary Eve,people begin preparing for the coming New Year.This is called Seeing the New Year in.Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year.Materials not only include edible oil,rice,flour,chicken,duck,fish and meat,but also fruit,candie
7、s and kinds of nuts.Whats more,various decorations,new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly,friends and relatives,are all on the list of purchasing.Before the New Year comes,the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes,be
8、dclothes and all their utensils.Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity.All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets,highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper.The content varies from house owners
9、wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year.Also,pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.The Chinese character fu(meaning blessing or happiness)is a must.The character put on paper can be pasted norma
10、lly or upside down,for in Chinese the reversed fu is homophonic with fu comes,both being pronounced as fudaole.Whats more,two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door.Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings
11、 may be put on the wall.People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve.At that time,all family members eat dinner together.The meal is more luxurious than usual.Dishes such as chicken,fish and bean curd cannot be excluded,for in Chinese,their pronunciations,respectively ji,yu and doufu,mean a
12、uspiciousness,abundance and richness.After the dinner,the whole family will sit together,chatting and watching TV.In recent years,the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station(CCTV)is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.According to custom,each f
13、amily will stay up to see the New Y ear in.Waking up on New Year,everybody dresses up.First they extend greetings to their parents.Then each child will get money as a New Year gift,wrapped up in red paper.People in northern China will eat jiaozi,or dumplings,for breakfast,as they think jiaozi in sou
14、nd means bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new.Also,the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China.So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.Southern Chinese eat niangao(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)on this occasion,because as a homophone,niangao
15、 means higher and higher,one year after another.The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives,friends,and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings,gifts and chat leisurely.Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival.People tho
16、ught the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits.However,such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security,noise and pollution factors into consideration.As a replacement,some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to,some break
17、little balloons to get the sound too,while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.The lively atmosphere not only fills every household,but permeates to streets and lanes.A series of activities such as lion dancing,dragon lantern dancing,lantern festivals and temple fairs will
18、be held for days.The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.China has 56 ethnic groups.Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people,and they have different customs.春节，是农历正月初一，又叫阴历年，俗称“过年”。这是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个传统节日。春节的历史很悠久，它起源于殷商时期年头
19、岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。按照我国农历，正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗称年初一，到了民国时期，改用公历，公历的一月一日称为元旦，把农历的一月一日叫春节。春节到了，意味着春天将要来临，万象复苏草木更新，新一轮播种和收获季节又要开始。人们刚刚度过冰天雪地草木凋零的漫漫寒冬，早就盼望着春暖花开的日子，当新春到来之际，自然要充满喜悦载歌载舞地迎接这个节日。千百年来，人们使年俗庆祝活动变得异常丰富多彩，每年从农历腊月二十三日起到年三十，民间把这段时间叫做“迎春日”，也叫“扫尘日”，在春节前扫尘搞卫生，是我国人民素有的传统习惯。然后就是家家户户准备年货，节前十天左右，人们就开始忙于采购物品，年货
20、包括鸡鸭鱼肉、茶酒油酱、南北炒货、糖饵果品，都要采买充足，还要准备一些过年时走亲访友时赠送的礼品，小孩子要添置新衣新帽，准备过年时穿。在节前要在住宅的大门上粘贴红纸黄字的新年寄语，也就是用红纸写成的春联。屋里张贴色彩鲜艳寓意吉祥的年画，心灵手巧的姑娘们剪出美丽的窗花贴在窗户上，门前挂大红灯笼或贴福字及财神、门神像等，福字还可以倒贴，路人一念福倒了，也就是福气到了，所有这些活动都是要为节日增添足够的喜庆气氛。春节的另一名称叫过年。在过去的传说中，年是一种为人们带来坏运气的想象中的动物。年一来。树木凋蔽，百草不生；年一过，万物生长，鲜花遍地。年如何才能过去呢？需用鞭炮轰，于是有了燃鞭炮的习俗，这其
21、实也是烘托热闹场面的又一种方式。春节是个欢乐祥和的节日，也是亲人团聚的日子，离家在外的孩子在过春节时都要回家欢聚。过年的前一夜，就是旧年的腊月三十夜，也叫除夕，又叫团圆夜，在这新旧交替的时候，守岁是最重要的年俗活动之一，除夕晚上，全家老小都一起熬年守岁，欢聚酣饮，共享天伦之乐，北方地区在除夕有吃饺子的习俗，饺子的作法是先和面，和字就是合；饺子的饺和交谐音，合和交有相聚之意，又取更岁交子之意。在南方有过年吃年糕的习惯，甜甜的粘粘的年糕，象征新一年生活甜蜜蜜，步步高。待第一声鸡啼响起，或是新年的钟声敲过，街上鞭炮齐鸣，响声此起彼伏，家家喜气洋洋，新的一年开始了，男女老少都穿着节日盛装，先给家族中的
22、长者拜年祝寿，节中还有给儿童压岁钱，吃团年饭，初二、三就开始走亲戚看朋友，相互拜年，道贺祝福，说些恭贺新喜、恭喜发财、恭喜、过年好等话，祭祖等活动。节日的热烈气氛不仅洋溢在各家各户，也充满各地的大街小巷，一些地方的街市上还有舞狮子，耍龙灯，演社火，游花市，逛庙会等习俗。这期间花灯满城，游人满街，热闹非凡，盛况空前，直要闹到正月十五元宵节过后，春节才算真正结束了。春节是汉族最重要的节日，但是满、蒙古，瑶、壮、白、高山、赫哲、哈尼、达斡尔、侗、黎等十几个少数民族也有过春节的习俗，只是过节的形式更有自己的民族特色，更蕴味无穷。中国传统节日：元宵节 Lantern Festival The Lante
23、rn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month,usually in February or March in the Gregorian calendar.As early as the Western Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 25),it had become a festival with great significance.This days important activity is watching lanterns.Throughout the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 22
24、0),Buddhism flourished in China.One emperor heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira,or remains from the cremation of Buddhas body,and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month,so he ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Bud
25、dha on this day.Later,the Buddhist rite developed into a grand festival among common people and its influence expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of China.Till today,the lantern festival is still held each year around the country.Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets
26、,attracting countless visitors.Children will hold self-made or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets,extremely excited.Guessing lantern riddlesis an essential part of the Festival.Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns.If visitors have solutions to the
27、 riddles,they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answer.If they are right,they will get a little gift.The activity emerged during peoples enjoyment of lanterns in the Song Dynasty(960-1279).As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom,it has become popular amo
28、ng all social strata.People will eat yuanxiao,or rice dumplings,on this day,so it is also called the Y uanxiao Festival.Y uanxiao also has another name,tangyuan.It is small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour with rose petals,sesame,bean paste,jujube paste,walnut meat,dried fruit,sugar and e
29、dible oil as filling.Tangyuan can be boiled,fried or steamed.It tastes sweet and delicious.Whats more,tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation with tuanyuan”,meaning reunion.So people eat them to denote union,harmony and happiness for the family.In the daytime of the Festival,performances suc
30、h as a dragon lantern dance,a lion dance,a land boat dance,a yangge dance,walking on stilts and beating drums while dancing will be staged.On the night,except for magnificent lanterns,fireworks form a beautiful scene.Most families spare some fireworks from the Spring Festival and let them off in the
31、 Lantern Festival.Some local governments will even organize a fireworks party.On the night when the first full moon enters the New Year,people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国的传统节日-元宵节。元宵主要的活动就是看灯。东汉明帝时期，明帝提倡佛教，听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利，点灯
32、敬佛的做法，就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛，令士族庶民都挂灯。以后这种佛教礼仪节日逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。该节经历了由宫廷到民间，由中原到全国的发展过程。直到今天，元宵点灯的习俗仍然在中国的各地流传的，各式各样美丽的花灯在这一天都会点亮，孩子们提着自制的灯笼走街串巷，非常高兴。猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动，花灯的主人会将谜面写在灯笼上，挂在门口，如果有人可以猜中，就能得到小小的礼物。这项活动最早起源于宋朝，因为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中深受社会各阶层的欢迎。民间过元宵节吃元宵的习俗。元宵由糯米制成，或实心，或带馅。馅有豆沙、白糖、山楂、各类果料等，食用时煮、煎、蒸、炸皆
33、可。起初，人们把这种食物叫“浮圆子”，后来又叫“汤团”或“汤圆”，这些名称“团圆”字音相近，取团圆之意，象征全家人团团圆圆，和睦幸福，人们也以此怀念离别的亲人,寄托了对未来生活的美好愿望。随着时间的推移，元宵节的活动越来越多，白天有耍龙灯、耍狮子、踩高跷、划旱船扭秧歌、打太平鼓等传统民俗表演。到了夜晚，除了五颜六色的美花灯之外，还有艳丽多姿的烟火。大多数家庭会在春节时留下一些烟花等到元宵节这天燃放，而一些地方政府也会举办烟花大会，当新年的第一个月圆之夜在盛大的烟火表演中来临时，人们都陶醉在这令人难忘了烟花与皎洁的明月中。中国传统节日：情人节 Qingming Festival The Qing
34、ming(Pure Brightness)Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China,falling on April 4-6 each year.After the festival,the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases.It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing.But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide far
35、m work,it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice.Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased.Also,they will not
36、cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi(Cold Food)Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival.As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming,they were later combined.On each Qingming Festival,all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and o
37、ffer sacrifices.Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed.The customs have been greatly simplified today.After slightly sweeping the tombs,people offer food,flowers and favorites of the dead,then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.In contrast to the s
38、adness of the tomb sweepers,people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day.The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly,the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively.Since ancient times,people have followed the custom of Spring outings.At this time tourists are everywhere
39、.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival.Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival.Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day,but also at night.A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars,and therefore,are
40、 called gods lanterns.The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees,for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.In the past,the Qingming Festival was called Arbor Day.But since 1979,Arbor Day was settled as March 12 according to the Gregorian calendar.清明是我国的二十四节气之一。由于二十
41、四节气比较客观地反映了一年四季气温、降雨、物候等方面的变化，所以古代劳动人民用它安排农事活动。但是，清明作为节日，与纯粹的节气又有所不同。节气是我国物候变化、时令顺序的标志，而节日则包含着一定的风俗活动和某种纪念意义。因此，这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日，是祭祖和扫墓的日子。扫墓俗称上坟，祭祀死者的一种活动。汉族和一些少数民族大多都是在清明节扫墓。由于清明与寒食的日子接近，而寒食是民间禁火扫墓的日子，渐渐的，寒食与清明就合二为一了，而寒食既成为清明的别称，也变成为清明时节的一个习俗，清明之日不动烟火
42、，只吃凉的食品。按照旧的习俗，扫墓时，人们要携带酒食果品、纸钱等物品到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，再将纸钱焚化，为坟墓培上新土，折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上，然后叩头行礼祭拜，最后吃掉酒食回家。与清明节扫墓的悲哀相反，人们在这个春光明媚的日子里，也一样是可以享受生活的。放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，象闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。清明前后，春阳照临，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。因此，自古以来，我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。1979年，人大常委会
43、规定，每年三月十二日为我国植树节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动，有着十分重要的意义。中国传统节日：七夕情人节 Double Seventh Festival The Double Seventh Festival,on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month,is a traditional festival full of romance.It often goes into August in the Gregorian calendar.This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm
44、 and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens.At night when the sky is dotted with stars,and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south.On each bank of it is a bright star,which see each other from afar.They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid,and about them there is a be
45、autiful love story passed down from generation to generation.Long,long ago,there was an honest and kind-hearted fellow named Niu Lang(Cowhand).His parents died when he was a child.Later he was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law.So he lived by himself herding cattle and farming.One day,a fai
46、ry from heaven Zhi Nu(Weaver Maid)fell in love with him and came down secretly to earth and married him.The cowhand farmed in the field and the Weaver Maid wove at home.They lived a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl.Unfortunately,the God of Heaven soon found out the fact and ordered the
47、Queen Mother of the Western Heavens to bring the Weaver Maid back.With the help of celestial cattle,the Cowhand flew to heaven with his son and daughter.At the time when he was about to catch up with his wife,the Queen Mother took off one of her gold hairpins and made a stroke.One billowy river appe
48、ared in front of the Cowhand.The Cowhand and Weaver Maid were separated on the two banks forever and could only feel their tears.Their loyalty to love touched magpies,so tens of thousands of magpies came to build a bridge for the Cowhand and Weaver Maid to meet each other.The Queen Mother was eventu
49、ally moved and allowed them to meet each year on the 7th of the 7th lunar month.Hence their meeting date has been called Qi Xi(Double Seventh).Scholars have shown the Double Seventh Festival originated from the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD220).Historical documents from the Eastern Jin Dynasty(AD371-420)men
50、tion the festival,while records from the Tang Dynasty(618-907)depict the grand evening banquet of Emperor Taizong and his concubines.By the Song(960-1279)and Y uan(1279-1368)dynasties,special articles for the Qi Xi were seen being sold on markets in the capital.The bustling markets demonstrated the