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1、 2020 年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析 13 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。考点一 用于条件句 虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。时间 条件从句 结果主句 现在 动词过去式 would/should/could/might+动词原形 过去 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 将来 should/were to+动词原形 woul
2、d/should/could/might+动词原形 1.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.（2018 北京）A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven【答案】D 【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。2.If the new safety system _ to use,the accident would never have happened.（2017 北京）A.had been put B.we
3、re put C.should be put D.would be put【答案】A 【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。3.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _ me,I could have helped.（2016 北京）A.told B.had told C.were to tell D.would tell【答案】B【解析】由 last week 可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。4.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I ha
4、dnt been wearing one,I _.（2016 天津）A.were injured B.would be injured C.had been injured D.would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用 would have done。5.If I _it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(2015 北京)A.didnt see B.werent seeing C.Wouldnt see D.hadnt seen 【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，
5、故从句用过去完成时。6.We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.（2014 北京）A.are B.were C.will be D.would be【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故主句用“would+动词原形”。7.If Mr.Dewey _ present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.（2014 湖南）A.were B.had been C.should be D.was【答案】B【解析】句意：
6、如果杜威先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的 would have offered可知，是表示与过去事实相反，故条件句用过去完成时。8.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(2012 安徽)Alives Bwould live Chas lived Dwere to live【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，从句表示与将来事实相反，故用“should+动词原形”或“w
7、ere to+动词原形”。注意：有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致，这种从句称作交错条件句。主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。常见的交错时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。例如：1If we _the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.(2018 天津)A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。2.If it _ for his inv
8、itation the other day,I should not be here now.（2016 江苏）A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。3.If we _ a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(2013 北京)A.have booked B.booked C.book D.had booked【答案】D 【解析
9、】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。4.If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before,he _ able to speak it much better now.(2013 天津)A.will be B.would be C.has been D.would have been【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故主句用“would+动词原形”。故选 B。考点二 用于含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句是指没有完整的条件从句，但在上下文中隐含了条
10、件的意味。这种条件意味 常由 otherwise,but for,with,without,or 等词语表现出来。1.The workers were not better organized,otherwise they _ the task in half the time.(2019 天津)A.accomplished B.had accomplished C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】由前半句可知，与过去事实相反；otherwise 相当于一个虚拟条件句，后面的句子相当于一个主句，故谓语动词用 wouldnt
11、have done。2.What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _a good time together.(2019 江苏)A.had B.will have C.would have had D.had had【答案】C【解析】由 You missed the sightseeing 可知，与过去事实相反；or 暗含虚拟条件，相当于 if you hadnt missed the sightseeing，其后的句子相当于主句，故谓语动词用 would have done。3.Do you have Bettys phone number?(
12、2017 天津)Yes.Otherwise,I _able to reach her yesterday.A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have been C.werent D.wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】由 yesterday 可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise 相当于 if I hadnt had Bettys number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用 wouldnt have done。4.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(
13、2015 重庆)A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written【答案】D【解析】Without his wartime experiences 是个含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldnt have done。5.It is lucky we booked a room,or we _ nowhere to stay now.(2015 安徽)A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had【答案】C【解析】or 暗含虚拟条件，相
14、当于 if we didnt book a room，其后的句子相当于主句，由时间状语 now 可知，与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用 would do。6.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they _ to our help.（2014 浙江）A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come【答案】A【解析】or 暗含虚拟条件。由语境可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，故后面的句子用 would have done
15、。考点三 用于名词性从句中 wish,would rather 等后面的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示对现在 或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望；与“建议、命令、要求”有关的名词性从 句，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟，should 可省略。1.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.(2018 江苏)A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had【答案】A
16、【解析】wish 后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。这里表示对现在的愿望，故用一般过去时。2.Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018 江苏)A.would B.should C.could D.might【答案】B【解析】解析：在“It is/was+形容词+that 从句”中，that 从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。这里表示“竟然”，should不能省略。3.We would rather our daughter _ at
17、 home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.(2014 陕西)Awould stay Bhas stayed Cstayed Dstay【答案】C【解析】这是一个并列复合句。would rather 后面的宾语从句表示现在的情况，谓语动词用一般过去时。4.Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.(2013 浙江)A was B be C were D is 【答案】B【解析】re
18、commend 表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should 可省略。考点四 用于其他从句中 在 Its(about/high)time that结构中，that 从句要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气；在 as if 引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。1.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ it?(2014 重庆)A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing【答案】A【解析】
19、由语境可知，as if 引导的从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。2.Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.(2012 北京)A.is B.were C.has been D.had been【答案】B【解析】as if 引导的从句表示与事实相反，应用虚拟语气；这里表示与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。3.Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he something instead of just talking.(2012 辽宁)A.will do B.has done C.do D
20、.did 【答案】D【解析】“Its(high/about)time that”句型中，that 从句谓语动词要用一般去时表示虚拟语气。考点五 虚拟条件句中的倒装和省略 引导条件从句的连词 if 可省略，但省略了 if 的从句要倒装，即将谓语中的 were,had 或 should 提到主语之前。1._not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.（2017 江苏）A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it【答案】B【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都
21、表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时；从句省略了连词 if，谓语用倒装。2.It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.(2015 江苏)A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I known【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时；从句省略了连词 if，谓语用倒装。3._ the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.（2014 天津）A.Did he catch B
22、.Should he catch C.Has he caught D.Had he caught【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。从句省略了连词 if，谓语用倒装。4._ no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.（2014 福建）A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示
23、与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。从句省略了连词 if，谓语用倒装。巩固练习 1.If I _ it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.A.didnt see B.werent seeing C.wouldnt see D.hadnt seen【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。2.Had they known what was coming next,they _ second thoughts.A.may have B.could have C.must have had D.might h
24、ave had 【答案】D【解析】前一个句子是省略了 if 的条件从句。由从句时态 had known 可知是与过去事实相反，主句应用would/could/might have done。3.John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told【答案】D【解析】由主句谓语动词 would have gone 可知是与过去事实相反，条件从句应用过去完成时。4.This printer is of good qua
25、lity.If it _ break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.A.would B.should C.could D.might【答案】B【解析】if 引导的条件状语从句表示与将来事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”。5.We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A.visited B.had visited C.would visit D.would
26、 have visited【答案】D【解析】otherwise 这个副词暗含虚拟语气，相当于说 if we had not lost our way in that village，表示与过去事实的相反假设，后面的句子要用 would have done。6.Where are the children?The dinners going to be completed and I wish they _ always late.A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，这里表示现在的情况。wish
27、 后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选 A。7.Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustnt allow D.couldnt allow【答案】A【解析】句意：为了安全，老师建议家长不要让不满 12 岁的孩子骑自行车上学。recommend 表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略。8.Geo
28、rge is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B【解析】would rather 后面的从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的动作，用一般过去时；表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。9.I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C
29、.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone【答案】A【解析】由句意“没有你的慷慨相助，我不可能熬过那段艰苦岁月。”可知，该句表示与过去事实相反，故选 A。without your generous help 相当于一个条件状语从句 if it had not been for your generous help。10.Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you some help.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying【
30、答案】C【解析】这是一个交错条件句。主句表示与现在事实相反，由从句中的时间状语 then 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。11.The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died【答案】D【解析】从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反，主句有时间状语 now，表示与现在事实相
31、反，考生很容易受此影响而误选 A。后面句子的意思是“我的菜也不会死了”，说明菜已死，所以这里表示的是与过去事实相反。12.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so,he _his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B.drove C.would have driven D.had driven【答案】C【解析】if so 相当于 if he had passed the driving test，表示与过去事实相反，主句应用 would have done。13.My m
32、om suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would【答案】A【解析】suggest 表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”。14.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have had B.had had C.have D.had 【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。1
33、5.It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we _.A.hadnt B.havent C.didnt D.dont【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。Hadnt 是 hadnt taken 的省略。16.I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then
34、.A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been 【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，这里表示对过去的愿望。wish 后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选 D。17.If he _ my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow【答案】C【解析】由主句动词形式 wouldnt have lost 可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。18.The doctor r
35、ecommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.neednt D.shouldnt【答案】D【解析】recommend 后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”这一虚拟语气形式，其中 should 可以省略。19.But for their help,we _ the program in time.A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished【答案】D【解析】But for their help 相当于一个表示与过去事实相反的条件从句 If it had not been for their help，故应用 could have done。20.If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken【答案】B【解析】由主句动词形式 might have arrived 可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。