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1、 1 专题六 名词性从句 名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接词有 that,if,whether；连接代词 who,what,which；连接副词 when,where,how,why 等。考查热点一：对主语从句的考查 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的
2、宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动 make,find,see,think 等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用 it 作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如 sure,happy,glad,certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。考查热点三：对表语从句的考查 表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。考查热点四：对同位语从句的考查 同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词之后，进一步说明该名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,idea,news,promise,belief,condition,doubt,fear,hope,problem,proof,question,r
3、eply,report,suggestion,thought,truth 等。二、对名词性从句的考查应注意以下几点：考查热点五：考查名词性从句的语序和主从句时态 名词性从句均应用陈述句语序，其时态要保持主从句时态一致性。考查热点六：从语境和句子结构需要出发，选择合适的连词 2（I）连词 that 和 what：that 无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接主从句的作用；如 that 引导宾语从句，常可省略；如引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，that 不能省略。What 引导名词性从句，具有双重功能（既是连词又在句中充当成分），它既可指人，也可指物。用于人时，what=the per
4、son(s)that，用于物时，what=the thing(s)that。What可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。（II）连词 whether 和 if：通常 whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句；但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位词从句和介词后面的宾语从句以及后面跟 or not 时只能用 whether 而不能用 if。（III）连词 whoever,whatever 和 whichever：这三个词均可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表词从句，且在句中充当一定的成分。Whoever=no matter who(anyone who);whatever=no matter what(
5、anything that);whichever=no matter which(anything that)/anyone who.（IV）考查其它的连接副词 连接副词在主语从句中起连词作用，同时又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。选用这些连接副词的关键是：所选的这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。考查热点七：名词性从句中对 it 的考查 为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用 it 作形式主语或宾语，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。考查热点八：名词性从句中的强调句型和感叹句 考查热点九：名词性从句中的插入成分（I）用于陈述句的插入语结构 含 think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,e
6、xpect,believe 等动词的插入语，直接疑问放在句子中间，不用逗号隔开。（II）用于疑问句的插入语结构 含 think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe 等动词的疑问句，后接含疑问词的宾语从句时，要将疑问词放在句首。考查热点十：名词性从句中的否定转移现象 3 当主句的主语为第一人称，且主句的及物动词为表示感知的动词，如：think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe 等时，常把对宾语从句的否定放在主句中，如主句中的主语是第一人称单数 I 时，其反意疑问句应跟从句变，并且主句中的否定转移到从句。
7、考查热点十一：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在“It is suggested/required/ordered/a pity/a shame/no wonder/necessary/strange/+that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。【巩固性练习】从下列选项中选择最佳答案。1 is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou VII spaceship successfully.A.It B.As C.What D.That 2.What was he had at school ma
8、de him a great success?A.that;that B.it;that C.that;which D.this;which 3.the teacher says seems reasonable to me.is why I have made up my mind to remember the teacher teaches me.A.Whatever;This;whichever B.No matter what;That;whatever C.Whatever;That;no matter what D.What;That;whatever 4.Darcy left
9、word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which 5.I remember this used to be a very small village.4 A.when B.how C.where D.what 6.After five hours drive,they got to they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.A.where B.that C.which D.what 7.Several week
10、s after the accident,the patient was able to carry out seemed to be a normal talk.A.what B.which C.that D.it 8.Wuliang,as a Party member,always thinks of he can do more for the people.A.what B.why C.how D.if 9.If you feel tired and sick of fat food,that is you have to go to the hospital for a medica
11、l examination.A.why B.when C.whether D.What 10.Some people are bom with the belief they are masters of their own while others feel they are at the mercy of others.A.what;that B.that;what C.that;/D./;that 11.How do you think I can make up with Jack?Set aside you disagree and try to find you have in c
12、ommon.A.what;what B.where;what C.what;whether D.where;whether 12.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the air port.A.why B.that C.where D.because 13.He studied hard and later became a professor in a well,known university,his mother had expected.A.tha
13、t was what B.what was that C.and which was D.which was what 5 14.Was it he said or something he did that made her cry so sadly?A.that;which B.that;what C.what;that D.what;what 15.Is Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway plays an important role in Chinas railway history the topic that he is coming to?A.w
14、hat B.it C.this D.that Keys:1-5 CBDBA 6-10 DACBC 11-15 BBDCD【巩固练习】1.The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming wamer and warmer these years.(2009 江西)A.what B.which C.that D.though 2.We should consider the students request the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009
15、 重庆)A.that B.when C.which D.where 3.The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water:Park.(2008 天津)A.where B.how C.when D.why 4.was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(2008山东)A.It B.This C.What D.As 5.News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing U
16、niversity.(2009 四川)A.which B.what C.that D.where 6 6.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2008 北京)A.which B.that C.what D.who 7.Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.(2009 浙江)A.when B.that C.
17、whether D.what 8.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.(2009 湖南)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever 9.At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see it got any better.(2009 北京)A.when B.how C.why D.if 10.It is not immediatel
18、y clear the financial crisis will soon be over.(2009 上海)A.since B.what C.when D.whether【完成句子】1.The news (那栋房子被烧毁)last night surprised everyone.(burn)2.（他是否出过国）doesnt make much difference.(he,abroad)3.What I recommended is (他应该采取措施)in time.(measure)4.No one can be sure (人类看上去将会是什么样)in million years.(
19、look)7 5.It is obvious to the students (他们应该为将为做好充分的准备)their future.(prepare)6.,(我们是否去野营)tomorrow depends on the weather.(camp)7.The school of the future will probably be quite different from (现在的样子).(what)8.His suggestion is (我们要保护当地的环境)while developing economy is highly thought of by government.(p
20、rotect)9.(他们所拥有的共同之处)is that they are all independent.(common)10.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is (我们不同意之处).(disagree)Keys:I,1-5 CACCC 6-10 CBCDD II.1.that the house was burnt down 2.Whether he has been abroad or not 3.that he(should)take measures 4.what man will look like 5.
21、that they should get well prepared for 6.Whether well go camping 7.what they are today 8.that we(should)protect local environment 9.What they have in common 10.where I disagree 8 1.(09 天津卷,7)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 2.
22、(09 北京卷,31)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D.if 3.(09 陕西卷,17)The how-to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever 4.(09 上海卷,40)As a new diplomat,he often thinks of he can re
23、act more appropriately on such occasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how 5.(08,北京卷)The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21 th century.A.which B.that C.what D.who 6.(06,全国卷)See the flags on top of the building?That was we did this morning.A.whe
24、n B.which C.where D.what 7.(08,湖南卷)When asked they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved!A.what B.why C.whom D.which 8.(06,北京卷)Could you do me a favor?9 It depends on it is.A.which B.whichever C.what D.whatever 9.(07,全国卷 II)matters most in learning English is enough pract
25、ice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 10.(06,上海春季)Doris success lies in the fact she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A.which B.that C.when D.why 参考答案：15DDDDC 610DACAB 1.(09全国卷I,24)Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever 2.(09 江苏卷,34)Man
26、y young people in the West are expected to leave could be lifes most important decisionmarriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what 3.(09 安徽卷,27)A good friend of mine from I was bom showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.when D.which 4.(09 四川卷,7)News ca
27、me from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where 10 5.(09 浙江卷，12)Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what 6.(09 重庆卷,31)We should consider the students request the school library prov
28、ide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 7.Would you please tell me you know is good at typing?A.whom B.whomever C.whose D.whoever 8.she was ill,I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me,for I didnt have much work experience.A.That if B.That C.If that D.If 9.That a
29、rt centre is used to be a factory,millions of tractors were made.A.what;where B.where;where C.what;which D.where;which 10.makes the school famous is more than 90%of the students have been admitted to universities.A.What;because B.That;because C.That;what D.What;that 11.There is much chance Bill will
30、 recover from his injury in time for the race.11 A.that B.which C.until D.if 12.The biggest reason I like the new rule is it sets a good example to young athletes.A.how B.why C.that D.when 13.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased he was a man of action.A.wh
31、ich B.that C.what D.whether 14.These shoes look very good,I wonder .A.how much cost they are B.how much do they cost C.how much they cost D.how much are they cost 15.Does matter if he cant finish the job on time?A.that B.when C.he D.it 参考答案：15CDCCB 610ADAAD 1115ACBCD 二、根据所给提示完成下列句子 16.Someone is rin
32、ging the doorbell.Go and see .(是谁,who)17.What the doctor really doubts is .(我妈妈是否能康复，recover)18.I know nothing about the young lady .(除了她来自北京,except)19.(最后离开房间的人，whoever)ought to turn off the light.12 20.(你无论怎么小心，however)wont satisfy the boss.参考答案：16.who it is 17.whether my mother will recover 18.ex
33、cept that she comes from Beijing 19.Whoever keaves the room last 20.However carful you are 一、什么是表语（predicative）在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be
34、,become,appear,seem等）之后。Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。1.Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。（主语和表语是相等的）2.This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知
35、。（主语和表语是不相等的）三、不定式和动名词作表语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。His job is to paint the walls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙 四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。1.This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）13 2.This dog is frightened.这条狗
36、有些害怕。（说明狗的状态）五、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别 不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以划等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能划等号的。What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建议的是降价促销。六、-ing动词作表语和-ing动词用于进行时的区别 动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语是特征。-ing动词用于正在进行时时，说明主语正在执行的动作。She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（说明她正在执行的动作）七、过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。1.The cup is broken.杯子碎了。（说明杯子是状态）2.The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（说明杯子承受的动作被打坏