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1、1 阅读理解专项练习一:1 When families gather for Christmas dinner,some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandmas generation.Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver,and the dress code will be Sunday best.But in many other homes,this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a st
2、oneware(粗陶)and stainless informality,with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look.For hosts and guests,the change means greater simplicity and comfort.For makers of fine china in Britain,it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton,the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent,announced tha
3、t it is eliminating 1,000 jobs-one-fifth of its total workforce.That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region.Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the
4、layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend toward casual dining.Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or
5、they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties,if they happen at all,have gone casual.In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules,busy hosts insist,rightly,that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a real d
6、inner party.Too often,the perfect moment never comes.Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth?Forget it.Polish the silver?Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side.The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and
7、 grandparents (Chew with your mouth closed.Keep your elbows off the table.)must be picked up else-where.Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially.72.Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining?A.Family members need
8、 more time to relax.B.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C.People prefer to live a comfortable life.D.Young people wont follow the etiquette of the older generation.73.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is.A.a seller of stainless steel tableware B.a dealer in stonew
9、are C.a pottery chain store D.a producer of fine China 74.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is.A.the increased value of the pound B.the worsening economy in Asia C.the change in peoples way of life D.the fierce competition at home and abroad 75.Formal table manners,though less po
10、pular than before in current Social life,.A.are still a must on certain occasions B.are certain to return sooner or later C.are still being taught by parents at home D.can help improve personal relationships 2 When Johnny Cash sings,people listen.His big,deep voice rumbles out of radios and juke-box
11、es across North America.His records sell by the million.Country-music fans everywhere,know his big hits.They love songs like Hey Porter,Ring of Fire,and Folsom Prison Blue.Johnny Cash sings about a hundred concerts a year.People like what they hear-and what they see,too.Rugged and big-shouldered,the
12、 singer stands six-two without his black boots on.Hes a two-hundred-pound package of muscle and talent.And that scar(疤痕)on his cheek?Its a bullet(子弹)hole,of course!In the minds of most people,Johnny Cash is Mr Tough(violent)Guy.Hes an ex-drug addict(上瘾者)who was once put in prison.His grandmother was
13、 an Indian.To keep from starving he once had to live on wild rabbits killed from forty feet away with a knife.Some people say he even killed a man.In fact,most of the Johnny Cash story is just that-a story.True,years ago he had a drug habit for a short time.He popped pills.But he never used heroin o
14、r other hard drugs.Some-times hed go wild and get locked up for a few hours.But he never served a prison sentence.Theres no Indian blood in his veins.Hes been a killer only in song.As for the bullet hole,its an old scar left by a doctor who opened a cyst(囊肿).People who know Johnny Cash well say hes
15、a gentle guy,a generous guy-anything but a tough guy.How did the stories get started?Some of them,like the story about the Indian grandmother,he made up long ago to add excitement to his career.Others,like the bullet hole,simply got started.Now theres little the singer can do to change peoples minds
16、.They just want to believe it,he says.56.Johnny Cash is a favorite of many.A.opera lovers B.country music fans C.hard-rock fans D.jazz music lovers 57.In truth,Johnny Cash.A.invented the Indian grandmother B.used to kill rabbits for a living C.had a bullet hole on his cheek D.served a long prison se
17、ntence 58.In his private life,Johnny Cash is,.A.much wilder than he looks B.much smaller than he is on stage C.much tougher than he is in public D.much more gentle than most people suppose 59.The passage shows us that many people believe.A.only what they see B.what they are sure is true C.only what
18、they hear D.what they find interesting B 3 Do dogs understand us?Be careful what you say around your dog.It might understand more than you think.A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects,say researchers in Germany.The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easil
19、y as a 3-year-old child.Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).In one experiment,the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects.Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring
20、 it back.In four tests,Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right.As the dog couldnt see anyone to get clues,the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.In another experiment,the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whos
21、e names the dog already knew.The owner then told Rico to fetch the object,using a word the dog had never heard before.The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests,suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法).A month later,Rico remembered half of the new
22、names,which is even more impressive.Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog.For one thing,Rico is a border collie,a breed(品种)known for its mental abilities.In addition,the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.Its hard to know if all dog
23、s understand at least some of the words we say.Even if they do,they cant talk back.Still,it wouldnt hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then.You might just get a big,wet kiss in return!60.From paragraph 2 we know that _.A.animals are as clever as human beings B.dogs are smarter than parrots an
24、d chimpanzees C.chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills D.dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-year-old children 61.Both experiments show that.A.Rico is smart enough to get all commands right B.Rico can recognize different things including toys C.Rico has developed the ability of learni
25、ng mathematics D.Rico wont forget the names of objects once recognizing them 62.Which of the following statements is true?A.The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collies mental abilities.B.Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.C.The border collie is worl
26、d-famous for recognizing objects.D.Rico is born to understand its owners commands.63.What does the writer want to tell us?A.To train your dog.B.To talk to your dog.C.To be friendly to your dog.D.To be careful with your dog.4 Paynes Prairie(used)Have you ever heard of Paynes Prairie?It is one of the
27、most important natural and historical areas in Florida.Paynes Prairie is located near Gainesville.It is large,21 000 acres.This protected land is called a preserve.The Florida Park Service manage the preserve.The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone dissolved and the ground settled.It is c
28、overed by marsh(沼泽)and wet prairie vegetation.There are areas of open water.During brief periods it has flooded enough to be considered a lake.Except for that,the basin has changed little through time.Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time.He lived there as far back as 10000 B.C.At one tim
29、e,the Seminoles lived there.The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne,a Seminole chief.During the late 1600s,the largest cattle ranch in Florida was on Paynes Prairie.Today,Paynes Prairie is preserved land.It is occupied by visitors and Florida Park Service employees.Willam Bartram
30、visited Paynes Praire.Bartram was the first person who portrayed(described)nature through personal experience as well as scientific observation.He lived 200 years ago.He visited Paynes Prairie in 1774.At that time he described it.He called Paynes Prairie the great Alachua Savannah.Most of the animal
31、 life,which Bartram described,is still here.A large number of sandhill cranes,hawks and waterfowl are here in winter.The animal diversity is increased by the presence of pine flatwoods,hammock,swamps and ponds.The Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park is open year round.The Florida Park Service works h
32、ard so that the park will appear as it did in the past.It offers many opportunities for recreation.At the park you can camp and picnic.You can hike and bike.You can boat and fish.You can ride on horse trails.And you can see lots of nature and wildlife.You can see Florida as it was in the early days.
33、Paynes Prairie is a part of our Florida history.It is an example of our Florida natural resources.It is a place for recreation.Paynes Prairie is an important experience of the Real Florida.64.How was the Paynes Prairie basin formed?A.By the Seminole Indians.B.By the Florida Park Service.C.From disso
34、lved limestone and the ground settling.D.From lots of flooding and wet prairie vegetation.65.The underlined word diversity means“.”A.variety B.society C.population D.area 66.All of the following are true EXCEPT that _.A.Paynes Prairie has changed little through time B.Paynes Prairie is covered by we
35、t prairie grasses C.there used to be a big cattle farm on Paynes Prairie D.William Bartram was the first person to visit Paynes Prairie 67.The purpose of the passage is to.A.call on people to protect widlife B.attract people to this preserved park C.show you the formation of Paynes Prairie D.introdu
36、ce the recorded history of Paynes Prairie 5 NOT all memories are sweet.Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences.Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars.Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.Now American research
37、ers think they are close to developing a pill,which will help people forget bad memories.The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience.They hope it might reduce,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.In November,experts tested a drug on people in the US an
38、d France.The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain.So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced,not that the memories are erased.The research has caused a great deal of argument.Some think it is a bad idea,While others
39、support it.Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war.They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.Some memories can ruin peoples lives.They come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare.The
40、y usually come with very painful emotions,said Roger Pitman,a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.This could relieve a lot of that suffering.But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity(特质).They also help us a
41、ll avoid the mistakes of the past.All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are.Im not sure we want to wipe those memories out,said Rebecca Dresser,a medical ethicist.68.The passage is mainly about.A.a new medical invention B.a new research on t
42、he pill C.a way of erasing painful memories D.an argument about the research on the pill 69.The drug tested on people can.A.cause the brain to fix memories B.stop people remembering bad experiences C.prevent body producing certain chemicals D.Wipe out the emotional effects of memories 70.We can infe
43、r from the passage that.A.people doubt the effects of the pills B.the pill will stop peoples bad experiences C.taking the pill will do harm to peoples health D.the pill has probably been produced in America 71.Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?A.Some memories can ruin peoples li
44、ves.B.People want to get rid of bad memories.C.Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D.The pill will reduce peoples sufferings from bad memories.6 Whats your dream vacation?Watching wildlife in Kenya?Boating down the Amazon?Sunbathing in Malaysia?New chances are opening up all the t
45、ime to explore the world.So we visit travel agents,compare packages and prices,and pay our money.We know what our vacation costs us.But do we know what it might cost someone else?Its true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income.Unfortunately,though,tourism often harms the
46、 local people more than it helps them.It might cost their homes and lands.In Myanmar,5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas(佛塔)in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity.Local workers often find onl
47、y menial(卑微的)jobs in the tourist industry.And most of the profits do not help the local economy.Instead,profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries,When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands,some moved to city slums.Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.