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1、全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类改错题库一问答题1.Democracy is not a new conception.The ancient Athenians 1._had a democratic system.Their democracy was the same asAmerican democracy in many ways.Furthermore, there are2._several important differences between their democracy and ours.The ancient Athenian citizens voted forthei
2、r representatives, and they also voted for certain issues. 3._Moreover, any qualified citizen could become public official.The4._ancient Athenian democratic government also protected thecitizens right private property, encouraging private business and5._supported public education.A similar system of
3、 representative government exists in theUnited States.United States citizens vote for theirrepresentatives, and they can impeach representatives, too.6._American citizens also vote on certain important matters.In theUnited States, like in ancient Athens, any qualified citizen can 7._become a public
4、official.The government of this coundivy alsoprotects private property, encourages private business enterprise.and supports public education.The major difference between these two forms ofdemocracy is the definition of citizen.In ancient Athens acitizen was a free man, not a woman and a slave.Women
5、and 8._slaves were largest part of the population; thus, the Athenian 9._democracy was not broadly representative.In the United States,however, all American men and women, of all races andreligions, are citizens.Slavery is legal in this coundivy. 10._Therefore, American democracy is more broadly rep
6、resentative.In brief, democracy is an old and varied concept.In thePast it meant different things to many different people.参考答案：1.conception改为conceptconception表示“构思；想出的意念或计划”，而concept表示相对于实体的“概念”，该句意为“民主不是一个新的概念”。2.furthermore改为nevertheless或however上一句说的是古代雅典的民主和美国的民主在许多方面是相同的，而这一句讲的是它们之间存在着几处重要的不同，相
7、对于前面的内容，属于转折关系，而非递进关系，故应该将furthermore改为nevertheless。3.for改为on就某事进行投票应该用“vote on sth.”，投票支持某人才用“vote for sb.”。4.public前加a作“官员”讲时是可数名词，故单数时应添加不定冠词。5.encouraging改为encouraged这里encouraged和前面protected以及后面的supported属于并列结构，所以要一致。6.7.lik改为aslike表“像一样”时后一般接名词性成分，而as可以接介词短语。8.and改为or或and和a之间加not这里要表达的“既不是一个妇女，
8、也不是一个奴隶”为否定成分并列，所以有这两种改法。9.largest前加the形容词最高级前应加定冠词the。10.legal改为illegal根据上下文，这里应用反义词表示“非法的”。问答题2.The hunter-gatherer divibes that today live like our prehistoric human 1._ancestors consume primarily a vegediv diet supplementing with animal foods. 2._An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gath
9、erers, including the Kung ofone-third concendivate on fishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters.Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gatherers calories come from 3._plants.Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the Universityof London, showed that gathering is a more pr
10、oductive source of foodthan is hunting.An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible 4._calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5._Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no 6._or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the
11、absence7._of medical care.They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, littledental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). 8._If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style,
12、 we certainly9._could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. 10._参考答案：1.2.supplementing改为supplementedsupplement和a vegetable diet是逻辑动宾关系，要用supplement的过去分词。3.and改为or这里表示的是递进意义而不是转折关系。4.in改为onon average是固定搭配，“平均”的意思。5.as改为while或whereas这里要表示的是对比意义，所以要用while或whereas。6.去掉for，或provide改为acco
13、untprovide是及物动词；account for构成。7.去掉despite后的ofdespite相当于in spite of。8.half后加those这里those指代前面的blood cholesterol levels。9.If改为While/Whereas这里两个句子是对比关系。10.healthier前加adiet是可数名词，前面要用不定冠词。问答题3.Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to thegeneral public and to sociologists that modern society ha
14、schanged peoples natural relations, loosed their responsibilities 1._to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place 2._for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 3._However, in recent years a growing body of research hasrevealed that the “obvious” is not divue.It seems that if
15、you area city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of yourneighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community.4._But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant 5._consequences.It does not necessarily follow that if you know fewof your neighbors you will know no one
16、else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties withinsmall, private social worlds.Indeed, the number and quality ofmeaningful relationships do not differ from more and less 6._urban people.Small-town residents are more involved with kinthan do big-city residents.Yet city dwellers
17、compensate by 7._developing friendships with people who share similar interestsand activities.Urbanism may produce a different style of life,but the quality of life does not differ between town and city.Nor8._are residents of large communities any likely to display 9._psychological symptoms of sdive
18、ss or alienation than areresidents of smaller communities.However, city dwellers doworry more about crime, and which leads them to a disdivust of 10._sdivangers.参考答案：1.loosed改为loosenedloose当动词讲表示“释放”，loosen则表示“放松，放宽”句意是想说人们的责任范围放宽了，而不是释放了。2.kins改为kinkin是单复数同型的名词，因此不能加s。3.去掉forsubstitute A for B,是表示用
19、A换B，for后面跟的应是被换掉的东西，而文中的“superficial relationships with passing acquaintances”不是被换的，是换上的A，因此应把for去掉。4.if前加dodo是用于比较级对前文中“you typically know”中的动词的省略，不能少。5.去掉a这里是想表示否定，few表示可数名词复数的否定，a few表示有一些。6.from改为betweendiffer between A and B,固定搭配，文中是指between more urban people and less urban people。7.do改为are同84题
20、，也是对比较级后句动词的省略，但根据前文“Small-town residents are more involved”判断，该句的动词是be动词，因此应把do改成are。8.9.likely前加more根据下文该句是比较级，且likely的比较级应在前加more。10.去掉and或which改为this若用and连接句子则不能再使用定语从句，同样使用了定语从句也就不能重复使用连词and。问答题4.The age of requiring retirement in companies should be raised, and so 1._should the age to begin So
21、cial Security.First of all, older workers whoremain healthy are valuable workers.Although they may lose some mental2._speed, their accumulate experience more than compensates for the3._loss of quickness.In fact, compared with youngsters, older persons maytake long to make a decision, but it is usual
22、ly a better one.Many studies 4._have shown that the quality of job performance improves with age.Furthermore,raising the retirement age would prevent from some of the dire economic 5._consequences what senior workers face when they are forced to retire before6._they need to Nearly 60 percent of work
23、ers in the private sector shouldbe allowed to continue working with economic reasons.Fortunately, these 7._people dont have to furnish a home, raise children, and pay for educationalexpenses.Similarly, raising the age that retirement begins could also mean8._raising the age that Social Security paym
24、ents begins.As a result, the cost of 9._one of our coundivys biggest financial burdens will go under. 10._参考答案：1.requiring改为required过去分词required作定语修饰retirement,表示被动。2.3.accumulate改为accumulated动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成，修饰experience。4.long改为longer这里是同年轻人相比较，应该用比较级，表示老年人会花更多的时间。5.去掉fromprevent为及物动词，可以直接跟宾语。6.
25、what改为that此处是that引导的同位语从句，作consequence的同位语。7.with改为forfor表示目的，表示为了经济原因而继续工作。8.similarly改为lastly前文用了表示顺序的词first of all, furthermore。similarly同样地，类似于。9.begins改为begin前面名词payments是复数，动词用原型而不用第三人称单数。10.under改为downgo down停止，结束。问答题5.Chemisdivy is the study of the behavior and composition of matter.All food
26、s aremade up of chemical substance which undergoes chemical changes when cooking 1._in an oven or digested within the body.The cooking of meat and vegedivs induce2._chemical changes, making it more delicious; similarly the leavening action of3._baking powder is a sdivaightforward chemical change, as
27、 is the conversion ofstarch into sweet sugars by digestion.Cookery is a science requiring a knowledge of chemisdivy. 4._This is evident from the variety of cooking products and food additives availableas cooking oils, fats, colorings, sweeteners, tenderizers, flavorings, screamingagents, preservativ
28、es, etc.Each is carefully prepared before painstaking5._research.It is therefore essential for divained cookers to understand6._chemical science in order to appreciate the chemisdivy nature of foods7._and the changes achieving on cooking.Homeworkers should also 8._know cleansing agents and textiles
29、used in the home and how the latter 9._responds to the effects of heat, light, water, and chemical cleansing agents.10._参考答案：1.cooking改为cooked主语all foods是cook的逻辑宾语，因此应使用过去分词形式。2.induce改为induces句子主语是the cooking而不是meat and vegetables，动词应使用单数。3.it改为them因为其先行词为复数名词短语“the meat and vegetables”。4.5.before改
30、为after根据文意可以推断这里要表达“之后”的意思，使用before不合逻辑。6.cookers改为cookscooker厨房用具，cook厨师。7.chemistry改为chemicalchemistry是名词，此处应用其形容词形式修饰名词。8.achieving改为achieved此处要修饰changes，应使用achieved，因为changes不能主动“实现”。9.在know后加aboutknow认识，知道，know about表达“对有所了解”之意。10.responds改为respondthe latter指代的是复数名词textiles，故谓语动词应使用复数。问答题6.The
31、American farmers have always been independent and hard-working.In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient.The farmfamily grew and made almost nothing it needed.The surplus crop 1._would be sold in order to buy a few items in the local general stone.In 1860, because some of the farm
32、 population had moved to 2._the city, yet eight percent of the American population was still inthe coundivy.In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were3._not much changed from that they had been in old days.The farmer4._aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own 5._mus
33、cles like his chief source of power.He used axes, spades and6._other complicated tools.In his house cooking was done in wood7._burning stoves, and the kerosene lamp was the only improvementon the candle.The familys recreation and social life chieflyconsisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small
34、town or village 8._to divansact some business as well as to chat with neighbors who alsocome to townThe children attended a small elementary school (often of justone room) to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a few miles. 9._The school term was short so that the children could not help o
35、n the 10._farm.Although the whole family worked, and life was not easy,farmers as a class were self-reliant and independent.参考答案：1.nothing改为“everything”属逻辑错误。根据上下文，此句意为“美国农场主能够生产出家庭所需的一切东西”所以句子的含义是肯定的。2.because改为although/though此句是让步状语从句，并非因果关系。3.nineteen改为 nineteenth世纪前面应用序数词修饰。4.that 改为what名词性that从
36、句不可以直接跟在介词后面作宾语，应该为what。5.arouse改为rose/arose/got uparouse是及物动词，意为“叫醒、唤醒”，在此处可改为rise，arise或get up，三者都表示自己醒来。6.like改为as或being此处意为 “作为力量的主要来源”，所以应用as或being，而不能用like，like作介词意为“像”。plicated改为simple属逻辑错误。根据上下文，此处谈论十七世纪的牧场生活，当时的劳动工具并不复杂，相反，有许多简单工具，如上文提到的斧子和铲子。8.9.to that改为to which关系代词which可放在介词之后引导定语从句，而tha
37、t则不行，这是它们的主要区别之一。10.去掉not属逻辑错误。本句是说由于学期短，所以孩子们能在农场帮忙。问答题7.In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “thechair-grasp”.Host and guest have been talking for some time, butnow the host has an appointment to keep and can get away.His urge 1._to go is held in check by his desire not be rude
38、to his guest.If he did 2._not care of his guests feelings he would simply get up out of his chair 3._and to announce his departure.This is what his body wants to do, 4._therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him 5._raise.It is at this point that he performs the chair
39、-grasp Intention 6._Movement.He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leansforward and grasps the arms of the chair as if about to push himself upwards.7._This is the first act he would make if he were rising.If he were not 8._hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second
40、.He would lean, 9._push, rise, and be up.But now, instead, it lasts much longer.Heholds his “readiness-to-rise” post and keeps on holding it.It is as if his 10._body had frozen at the get-ready moment.参考答案：1.can改为must。根据上文可知主人是“必须”而不是“可以”离开。2.在not后加to。“not to be rude to his guest作定语修饰his desire。3.第一
41、个of改为for/about。care forabout在意，在乎。4.去掉and或to。去掉to，连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词get和announce。去掉and，不定式作目的状语。5.therefore改为but。这里两个分句是转折关系，不是因果关系，6.raise改为rise。raise是及物动词，后面须跟宾语，rise是不及物动词，作“起立，起身”讲。7.8.make改为do/perform。do/perform an act“采取行动”，是固定搭配。9.第一个the改为a。a fraction of a second一瞬间。10.post改为posture。post标志；位置，职
42、位。posture姿势，体态。问答题8.When a human infant is born into any community in any part ofthe world it has two things in common with any infant, provided 1._neither of them have been damaged in any way either before or 2._during birth.Firstly, and most obviously, new born children arecompletely helpless.Apar
43、t from a powerful capacity to pay attention to 3._their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new bornchild can do to ensure his own survival.Without care from someother human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or humangroup, a child is very unlikely to survive.This helplessness
44、 of humaninfants is in marked condivast with the capacity of many newborn animals to get on their feet within minutes of birth and run 4._with the herd within a few hours.Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for 5._weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infantth
45、ey very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them.6._It is during this very long period in which the human infant istotally dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature7._which it shares with all other undamaged human infants,a capacity to learn language.For this reason, biologists now suggest thatlanguage be species specific to the human race, that is to say, they8._consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 9._such a way that it can acquire language.This suggestion implies that 10._just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color,