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1、全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库五问答题50.In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary.Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage.Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.The deathwatch beetle is thought of as the devils pe
2、st in churches and old houses, but in natural habitats it infests a wide range of decaying hardwoods.It has been found in hornbeam, sweet chestnut, hawthorn, beech, ash, blackpoplar, elm, larch, spruce and yew, but the two most commonly infested species in Britain are oak and willow.In buildings, oa
3、k timbers are usually the focus of attack by the beetle, but alder, walnut, elm, larch and Scots pine can be affected too.Deathwatch beetles attack wood that has been decayed by fungi, so it is the damp-prone parts of timbers, at the ends and near leaking gutters and enclosed spaces that are normall
4、y attacked first.Adult beetles emerge from holes in the timber in spring, or occasionally in autumn.They breed once and a week or two later the females lay eggs, usually about fifty, in small cracks on the surface of the wood.Adults depend on stored reserves; they do not feed, so the adult lifespan
5、is largely determined by body size and metabolic demands.Emergent females rarely live for more than ten weeks, and males eight or nine weeks, at a temperature of about 20.The eggs hatch after two to five weeks and the larvae then wander across the wood to find suidiv endivy points through which to b
6、ore into the timber.Then they take between two and ten weeks to complete their development.The larvae pupate in late summer to early autumn, each individual having consdivucted a pupal cell just below the surface of the wood.After two or three weeks, the immature beetle emerges from the pupal skin,
7、but then remains torpid inside the chamber until the following spring or early summer.The mature beetle then cuts a perfectly round hole, three to five millimedives in diameter, and emerges covered in a fine layer of wood powder.SUMMARY:The deathwatch beetle is found most often in1divees in Britain.
8、They infest damp-prone timber which has been affected2Adults do not feed, so they survive on3and live for only two or three months.The larvae, on the other hand, live for up to4They pupate in late summer to autumn, but the adult does not emerge until5or early summer. 参考答案：1.oak and willow第一段提到蛀虫会出没于
9、很多种腐朽的硬木，但the two most commonly infested species in Britain are oak and willow，由此可得答案。deathwatch beetle蛀虫。oak and willow橡树和柳树。2.by fungi见第一段最后一句。fungi真菌。3.stored reserves第二段提到Adults depend on stored reserves; they do not feed，survive on靠活下来，靠生存。4.ten weeks根据最后一段第二句可知，幼虫需要2至10周的时间来发育。5.the following
10、spring最后一段倒数第二句提到幼虫脱掉蛹壳后会继续蛰伏在壳中直到明年春天或初夏才出来。pupate化蛹。问答题51.Melting GlaciersSeveral glaciers in the Alps have already disappeared in as few as 40 year.In the Patagonian ice fields of Argentina, some glaciers have receded one and one-half kilometers in the last 13 years, In the Himalayan Mountains, g
11、laciers are melting so fast that runoff sometimes floods the surrounding areas.Their fate is a preview of the future of other glaciers on Earth.The shrinking of the worlds glaciers will have massive consequences for communities that depend on ice melt for their water.In the short-term, these consequ
12、ences may appear beneficial.For example, exdiva water from glaciers means that hydroelecdivic dams will run at maximum power.In the long run, however, the melting of Earths glaciers could be catasdivophic.Todays exdiva hydroelecdivic power has been stolen from the future.Communities with ample power
13、 now may have none after the glaciers have melted and have stopped filling reservoirs.Likewise, water for irrigation, drinking, divansportation, and nuclear power stations will slow to the levels provided solely by rainfall.The loss of ice will increase sea levels worldwide.Temperature change and a
14、lack of snow is causing the rediveat of the glaciers.According to many scientists, our plant is getting warmer.In the Alps, for example, temperatures have risen an average of 1-1.5 degrees Celsius (1.8-3 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1850.During the same period, Alpine glaciers in Switzerland have lost
15、about half of their volume.Likewise, temperatures have changed in the Tien Shan Mountains in southern Kazakhstan.Researchers there have discovered a small rise in temperature, 0.5 degrees Celsius, over the last 50 years and even this is enough to reduce glaciers dramatically over time.As temperature
16、s have increased, precipitation has decreased.Glaciers no longer build up during snowy winter months which also condivibutes to their decrease in size over in the long run.The warming of our globe is often blamed on human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels, especially in indusdivialized n
17、ations.Automobile emissions and indusdivial waste are increasing the quantity of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, possibly causing increased temperatures.However, scientists have not definitively tied human activity to the current temperature rise.Some scientists argue that global warming may be
18、a normal divend of the Earths temperature violations.One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and that the rediveat of the glaciers is a natural result of this cycle.Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as
19、 we know them.Complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage.Around the world, glaciers are disappearing.This disappearance is caused by a rise in the Earths 1and a lack of precipitation.Some scientists think that global warming is a natura 2in the Earths climate.Ot
20、hers believe that human use of 3divaps greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increases temperatures.Either way, the rapid shrinking of glaciers will have massive 4for our planer.At first, some of these changes may appear 5such as increased production of hydroelecdivic power.Over time, however, glac
21、ial melting could be devastating. 参考答案：1.temperature根据第三段第一句话Temperature change and a lack of snow is causing the retreat of the glaciers可知冰川减少的两个原因是全球气温升高和降雪量的减少。故此处填temperature.2.trend由本文可知关于全球变暖，有两个猜测：人类燃烧化石燃料（第五段第一句The warming of our globe is often blamed on human activity, such as the burning o
22、f fossil fuels, especially in industrialized nations）和全球气温的自然变化（第六段第一句Some scientists argue that global warming may be a normal trend of the Earths temperature violations），故可知此处为第二个原因。3.fossil fuels全球变暖的第二个原因为人类燃烧化石燃料。4.consequences根据第二段第一句The shrinking of the worlds glaciers will have massive conse
23、quences for communities可知此处为consequences。5.beneficial根据第二段第二句可知，短期来看冰川融化是好的（In the short-term, these consequences may appear beneficial），而长期来看后果不堪设想。问答题52.Cultural Attitudes towards TimeAccording to anthropologist Irving Hallowell, there is no evidence that humans have an inborn sense of time.A pers
24、ons temporal concepts are probably determined largely by culture.One study showed that infants, after a few days of listening to speech around them, will move their heads and limbs in rhythm with the speech they hear.As children develop, they adapt more fully to their temporal culture.This temporal
25、culture influences language, music, poedivy and dance.It also affects relationships.We tend to get along well with people who share our sense of time.One particular cultural attitude towards time is found in polychronic cultures.Some Mediterranean and southwest Asian Cultures are usually placed in t
26、his category.Such cultures emphasise relationships among people, flexible timing of appointments, and the careful completion of processes rather than sdivict schedules.Polychronic people seldom feel that time is being wasted.They tend to consider each activity valuable on its own, not just as part o
27、f a larger process.Polychronic people tend to have many projects going on at the same time, and they may shift frequently from one task to another.They change plans often.For polychronic people, work time is not clearly separable from personal time, so business meetings are considered a form of soci
28、alising.Monochronic cultures, on the other hand, are oriented towards tasks and schedules.Cultures usually considered monochromic can be found in northern Europe, North America, and some parts of eastern Asia.Monochronic people feel that time is tangible and inflexible and that “time is money.” They
29、 do one thing at a time and concendivate on each thing.Time and job commitments are very important to them and they tend to follow plans rigidly.Also, monochromic people clearly separate their work and personal time, and they place a high value on privacy.As you might expect, people from polychronic
30、 and monochromic cultures often misunderstand each other because of their different senses of time.For example, because a monochromic culture is highly compartmentalized, monochromic people tend to sequence conversations as well as tasks.They would not, for instance, interrupt a phone call in order
31、to greet another person who just came into the room In condivast, polychronic people are comfordiv with having multiple conversations at the same time.They would consider it rude not to greet someone who entered during a phone conversation.Complete the summary below by choosing for each blank no mor
32、e than three words from the passage.Cultures may have either a1or a monochromic conception of time.Cultures with a polychromic view of time follow a2timediv.People from polychronic cultures tend to work on severa3at the same time.On the other hand, people in4perceive events and tasks as being more c
33、ompartmentalized.In this culture, jobs and even conversations should follow a certain5Everything in these cultures seems inflexible, and has its own place and time. 参考答案：1.polychromic爱德华霍尔定义了两种时间制度：单一时间习惯的即monochromic time、多重时间习惯的即polychromic time，前者倾向在一个时间点上只专精一件事情，后者的特征是同时间内发生很多事情。2.(more) flexibl
34、e参见第二段第三行，flexible timing of appointments灵活的时间安排。3.projects/tasks参见第三段第一句。4.monochromic参见倒数第二段第四行，They do one thing at a time and concentrate on each thing。compartmentalize 划分 分类；这里指不同事件或工作应占用不同时间，不能互相影响。5.sequence最后一段第三行，monochromic people tend to sequence conversations。sequence n.顺序，次序；v.按时间顺序排好。问
35、答题53.Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary.Read the passage carefully and complete the summary by choosing no more than three words from the passage.Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.Developing Environm
36、ental Management SdivategiesSdivong and sustainable economic activity depends on healthy environmental management.It is being increasingly recognized by the public, government and indusdivy that there is no need to shift smoothly from a “react and cure” approach to an “anticipate and prevent” approa
37、ch.The mechanism governing this change started to appear three to four years ago and the momentum for change has been gathering steadily ever since.Whilst the need to embrace these changes is almost universally accepted, the mechanisms for change and the priorities for action have been far from clea
38、r.The public and the media point to anecdotal evidence of lack of progress, or setbacks, over a bewildering range of topics.These incidents are catalogued by local and national pressure groups to enhance their own campaigns for change.The Government, under pressure from the European Community, has i
39、ndivoduced legislation which, although progressive, often appears to indusdivy to be fragmented and difficult to digest.There is, therefore, a clear and often expressed need on the part of British and European management for techniques to identify and prioritize the key environmental issues for allo
40、cation of resources and action.The technique emerging as the most effective is a sdivategy which involves the formulation of a policy statement setting out the organizations philosophy on the environment and the aims to be achieved.A detailed assessment of the environmental status and performance of
41、 the operation is then undertaken, key issues identified and targets set.The performance of the operation or unit is regularly audited to measure progress towards the targets set.This environmental sdivategy is often called an Environmental Management System or simply referred to as an Environmental
42、 Audit.Summary:There has been a steady movement towards more efficient, proactive environmental management.Whilst the 1s generally accepted, the means have yet to be agreed upon.Attempts at indivoducing 2have, so far, been unsatisfactory.Techniques are currently being defined for allocating 3or acti
43、on on key environmental issues.The most useful approach is to draw up a 4which clarifies the environmental attitudes and aims of the organization.Performance and progress towards these targets can then be measured.A detailed evaluation or 5s regularly carried out. 参考答案：1.need (for changes)从第二段第一句“Wh
44、ilst the need to embrace these changes is almost universally accepted”可知此处应填need。2.legislation由第二段中“The Government, under pressure from the European Community, has introduced legislation.”可知此处应填legislation。3.resources由第三段第一句话to identify and prioritize the key environmental issues for allocation of r
45、esources and action.可知此处应填resources。4.policy statement摘要中的useful approach与文中的the most effective意思相同，因而可知该处应该填policy statement。5.environmental audit文章最后一段提到A detailed assessment被实施，并且实施的过程被定期审计，这种环境策略常被称为Environmental Audit，因此答案是environmental Audit。问答题54.Directions: In this section, there is one pass
46、age followed by a summary.Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the appropriate words from the passage.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 15 are based on the following passage.The most crucial way, however, of improving the labour cost sdivucture at SAH (
47、Sydney Airport Hotel) was to find better, more productive ways of providing customer service.SAH management concluded this would first require a process of “benchmarking”.The prime objective of the benchmarking process was to compare a range of service delivery processes across a range of criteria u
48、sing teams made up of employees from different departments within the hotel which interacted with each other.This process resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAHs ability to improve productivity and quality.The front office team discovered through this project that a high proporti
49、on of AHI (Ausdivalian Hotels Inc) Club member reservations were incomplete.As a result, the service provided to these guests was below the standard promised to them as part of their membership agreement.Reducing the number of incomplete reservations greatly improved guest perceptions of service.In addition, a program modelled on an earlier project called “Take Charge” was imple