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1、Unit 4 Holidays and FestivalsStructure The Gerund (Revision)什么是动名词？什么是动名词？动名词由动名词由“动词动词+ing”构成，是带有构成，是带有动词性质的动词性质的名词名词，可作主语，表语，宾语，定语。，可作主语，表语，宾语，定语。动名词的结构动名词的结构主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式注意：否定式的not均放在整个动名词结构的前面doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donee.g.1.Collecting information is very important
2、 to business.2.Losing the ticket for the footballmatch madehimsounhappy.3.Itisnousecrying over the spilt milk.1.作主语作主语:vEx.1._aforeignlanguageneedshardvwork.vA.MasterB.MastersC.MasteredD.Masteringv2.Itisnouse_theorywithoutpractice.AtolearnB.learningC.learn D.learnedv3._therewontmaketoomuchvdifferenc
3、e.vA.TomsgoingB.TomgonevC.TomgoesD.TomtogoDBA2.作表语作表语(Predicative)e.g.1.Myjobisteaching.2.Hisfavoritesportisplayingtennis.3.作定语作定语(Attributive)(说明名词说明名词的用途的用途)ve.g.readingroomvswimmingpoolvdrinkingwater4.作宾语作宾语(Object)ve.g.Isuggestdoingitinanothervway.vThankyouforhelpingme.v注意：注意：v(1)只能用动名词作宾语的动词有只能
4、用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mind,practice,quit,risk,stand,suggest,understand等v(2）主动形式表被动含义的动名词）主动形式表被动含义的动名词:vwant/need/requiredoing=want/need/requiretobedonevbeworthdoingve.g.1.Theroomneedspainting.=Theroomneedstobepainted.v2.Thebooki
5、sworthreading.v(3)advise,allow,forbid,permit,recommend等动词后可直接用动名词，也可用带有逻辑等动词后可直接用动名词，也可用带有逻辑主语的动词不定式。主语的动词不定式。vadvise,allow,forbid,permit,recommend,consider+doing sth vadvise,allow,forbid,permit,recommend,consider+sb.to do sth ve.g.Shedoesntallowtalking here.vShedoesntallowus to talk here.v(4)以下短语中的
6、以下短语中的to是介词是介词,后接动名词后接动名词:v beusedto,devoteto,inadditionto,leadto,lookforwardto,objectto,beopposedto,payattentionto,stickto,seeto,turntovEx.1.Threeofficersnarrowlyescaped_inthehotvbottle.vA.tobekilledB.tokill C.havekilledD.beingkilledv2.Thoughheisonlynine,heobjectedto_likeavchild.vA.betreatedB.haveb
7、eentreatedvC.beingtreatedD.treatingv3.Yourshoesaredirty.Theyneed_badly.A.washB.washedC.towashD.washingv4.Thequestionisdifficult,butitisworth_out.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.workedv5.Idontallow_inmyofficeandIdontallowmyvfamily_atall.vA.tosmokesmokingB.smokingtosmokeC.tosmoketosmokeD.smokingsmokingDCDCB动
8、名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语(1)动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语用名词所有动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语用名词所有格或物主代词格或物主代词 e.g.Marys making such rapid progress surprised us greatly.His being punished is a matter of course.动名词的逻辑宾语动名词的逻辑宾语 (2)动名词作宾语时，逻辑主语可由名词所有动名词作宾语时，逻辑主语可由名词所有格格/物主代词表示物主代词表示,也可由名词也可由名词/代词宾格代词宾格(口语口语和非正式语体中和非正式语体中)表示。表示。e.g.Do you mind m
9、y reading your book?They all thought Lao Zhangs going there a great mistake.I cant imagine him doing the work alone.My friend cant understand Tom treating him like that.vEx.1.Isuggest_,forhehastowaitforalongtimetoseethemanager.A.himtositdown B.hesitsdownC.hetositdownD.himsittingdownv2.Youshouldreall
10、yavoid_athomealoneasheisoldandill.vA.yourfatherstayvB.yourfathertostayvC.yourfathersstayingvD.yourfatherwhostaysDC动名词与不定式的比较动名词与不定式的比较1.动名词表示一般习惯、抽象概念动名词表示一般习惯、抽象概念;不定式往往不定式往往表示具体或特定的动作表示具体或特定的动作.Reciting texts is helpful to language studies.背诵课文对语言学习是有帮助的。背诵课文对语言学习是有帮助的。（泛指，一般情况）（泛指，一般情况）To recite
11、the text is not easy.背出这篇课文是不容易的。（特指，具体情况）背出这篇课文是不容易的。（特指，具体情况）Theystoppedwatching TV.Theystoppedto watch TV.2.带动名词结构和不定式意义不同的动词带动名词结构和不定式意义不同的动词(1)stop to do 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事Sheworkedallthemorning.Afterfinishingcooking,shewentonto wash the clothes.Aftersupper,shewentonreading.(2
12、)go on to do 继续去做另一件事继续去做另一件事 go on doing 继续做某事（同一件事）继续做某事（同一件事）Ifyouwanttoimprovethetaste,tryadding some sugar.Philiptriedto answer each questionbyhimself.(3)try to do 尽力去做尽力去做 try doing 试着做试着做(4)meantodo打算做打算做,想要做想要做meandoing意味着做意味着做 Your plan will mean spending hours.I didnt mean to make you angr
13、y.(5)remembertodo记得去做记得去做rememberdoing记得做过记得做过I remembered locking the door.Remember to lock the door.(6)forget to do 忘记去做忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过忘记做过 I forgot posting your letter.I forgot to post your letter.(7)regrettodo遗憾地去做遗憾地去做regretdoing后悔做过后悔做过I regret going there.I regret to tell you the truth
14、.vEx.1.Iremember_tothezoobymyfathervwhenIwaslittle.A.beingtakenB.takingvC.havebeentakenD.tohavetaken2.Icompletelyforgot_thefrontdoorlastnightandfeelfortunatethatnothingisstolen.A.lockingB.beinglockedvC.tolockD.tohavelocked3.Iregret_youthatyourapplicationvhasbeenrefused.A.informingB.beinginformedvC.tobeinformed D.toinformAADv4.Theyregretted_thesebooksfromabroad.vA.orderB.toordervC.orderingD.ordered5.Ididntmean_anything,buttheseappleslookedsogoodIcouldnthelp_one.A.toeattryingB.toeattotryingC.eatingtotryD.eatingtotryingCA