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1、1.burst2.canal3.steam4.dirt5.ruins6.rescue7.disasters8.shocked9.frightening10.shelter1.inthefarmyards2.giveout3.wakeup4.intheopenair5.atthesametime6.thenumberof7.insteadof8.blowaway9.thedead10.disaster-hitareas1.anumberofthenumberof2.lookedasifnothing3.thinkhighly/muchof4.thatgiveout5.whowasbadlyhur
2、t1.organizing2.smelly3.burst4.disaster5.Fresh6.destroyed7.useless8.electricity9.Judging10.injured1.description2.away3.rise4.forhide5.little/nothing6.bursttears7.usual8.atend9.across10.ruins11.away12.instead13.shock14.trapped15.rescuefrom16.buriedin17.proudof18.congratulateon19.honor/memory20.raisemo
3、ney定语从句定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。第三选择合适的关系词。that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指物时，相当于；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于一般不用于非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语不可置于介词后作宾语)which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定
4、语。如：宾语，表语，定语。如：1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.3.He was proud,which his brother never was.4.Tom spent four years in college,during which time he learned French.5.Shes no longer the girl(that)she used to be bef
5、ore.宜用that不用which的情况先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等等,先行词被先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。等词修饰时。先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。先行词既有人又有物，用先行词既有人又有物，用which和和who都不都不适合，这时宜用适合，这时宜用that.who,whom,whose:who:主格主格
6、,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语式用法中作宾语;只可指人只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。指物。He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.He is the student who you think is worth praising.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）（指人）
7、介词介词+关系代词关系代词:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之也可放于从句之末末.但以放于句首较为正式但以放于句首较为正式.注意注意:1.介词前置，必须不影响动词词组的含义。介词前置，必须不影响动词词组的含义。This is the girl whom they are looking after.(look after是固定词组，是固定词组，after不可前置。不可前置。又如：又如：look at,look for,take care of等等)2.关系代词关系代词who和和that用作介词宾语时用作介词
8、宾语时,介介词必须放在句末词必须放在句末.即只有即只有介词介词+which/whom,没有介词没有介词+who/that关系关系副词副词when,where,why在从句中作状语，可与介词在从句中作状语，可与介词+which互换互换介词的选择介词的选择:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配;根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 1.I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.2.Th
9、e house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when/onwhichwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/inwhich当先行词为当先行词为way时，定语从句常用时，定语从句常用that,inwhich引导，引导，that常可以省略。常可以省略。如如:Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.as的用法的用法:(as引导定语从句引导定语从句,在定语在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
10、)如为限制性的，多用于如为限制性的，多用于thesameas;thesameas；suchas;asmany/muchas；soas等结构中。如等结构中。如There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较：比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（定语从句）（定语从句）（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种
11、定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一点正如，这一点”。（。（动词常为动词常为know,see,expect,point out,etc.）As we all know,smoking is harmful to ones health.(as 作宾语作宾语)=As is known to all,smoking is harmful to ones health.（as 作主语）作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health.=Smoking is harmful to
12、 ones health,as we all know.（as 作宾语）作宾语）=Smoking,as we all know,is harmful to one health.巧妙区分巧妙区分what与与that一、引导词一、引导词what与与that在引导名词性从句即主语、在引导名词性从句即主语、宾语或表语从句时区别在于：宾语或表语从句时区别在于：what在从句中要在从句中要充当句子成分；而充当句子成分；而that引导主语、宾语、表语和引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句时，不作任何成分，只起语法连接作同位语从句时，不作任何成分，只起语法连接作用。试比较：用。试比较：ThatGeorgeW.B
13、ushwonthepresidencyonceagainwaswhatmanypeoplehadntexpected.乔治布什再次赢得总统大选，这是很乔治布什再次赢得总统大选，这是很多人没有预料到的。多人没有预料到的。二、引导词二、引导词what与与that在引导定语从句的用在引导定语从句的用法区别：首先，要记住在法区别：首先，要记住在定语从句中，根本定语从句中，根本不用不用what连接词连接词。只有。只有that和和which.所以大所以大家在做题中，如果是定语从句，就不要再考家在做题中，如果是定语从句，就不要再考虑虑what了。了。That在定语从句中，一般可以在定语从句中，一般可以作从句
14、的主语、宾语和表语。例如：作从句的主语、宾语和表语。例如：1、Heisnot_heusedtobe.2、He is not the naughty boy _he used to be.thatwhatWriting:在文中尽量使用定语从句AlettertoTom我收到了你上周的来信我收到了你上周的来信.谢谢你寄的照片谢谢你寄的照片.我常常想起我们一起度过的时光我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.你还记得你还记得那个湖吗那个湖吗?我们在那还照过一张相呢我们在那还照过一张相呢.和我和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗?我昨晚做了梦，我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢另在梦里
15、我们在上次去的那家电影院呢另外外,我买到了你要的那本英语书我买到了你要的那本英语书.周末有时周末有时间我将把书寄给你间我将把书寄给你DearTom,Ihavereceivedtheletteryoupostedlastweek.Thanksforthephotosyousent.Ioftenthinkofthetimewespenttogether.Doyoustillrememberthelakewherewehadapicturetaken?Howarethechildrenwhoplayedwithus?Ihadadreaminwhich/wherewewerestayinginthecinemawhich/thatwewenttolasttime.Besides,Ihaveboughtthebook(that/which)youneed.OntheweekendwhenIamfree,Iwillpostittoyou.Bestwishes,