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1、必修必修Unit 1 Great Scientists Jessie Part 1 warming-up,pre-reading&reading comprehensionput forwarddefeatexposecureevery timesuggestabsorbaffectblamelinkput forwardput forwardEg1:I put forward this plan in the meeting yesterday.(提出)Eg2:Weve put the wedding forward by one week.(将某事/物提前；向前拨；拨快(时钟指针)Eg3:
2、Can I put you/your name forward for the club secretary?(推荐,荐举put的其他短语的其他短语Eg4:：“Dont forget us,”she put in.(打断，插嘴，进港)Eg5:Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.(推迟，延期)Eg6:She took off the old dress and put on a new one.(穿上，上演)Eg7:Put away the tools after work,will you?(放好，收拾)Eg8:Put the t
3、ypewriter down here.(放下，写下)Eg9：I was twelve,and starting to put on weight and grow taller.(增肥)Eg10:Put out the fire before going to bed.(扑灭，生产)defeatdefeat(vt)击败，使击败，使(希望，计划希望，计划)落空落空Eg1:The French defeated the English troops.Eg2:Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.Eg3:Finally“King Cholera”was def
4、eated.Eg4:He was defeated in his plan.defeat(n)失败失败,战败战败,挫败挫败Eg5:The aggressors were doomed(注定)to defeat.defeat,conquer和和overcome异同异同defeat、beat和和win异同异同defeat,conquer和和overcome异同异同Eg1:The Normans conquered England in 1066.Eg2:He defeated his opponents in this election.Eg3:He made efforts to overcom
5、e every difficulty.Defeat强调的是暂时的胜利,尤其指军事上的胜利Conquer既可指靠武力或精神方面的力量使对方屈服，又可指在排除障碍和阻力后取得胜利。overcome既可指在战斗和竞赛中战胜对方，也可指在感情、习惯等方面压倒，胜过，克服defeat、beat和和win异同异同Eg1:We beated/defeated their team by 10 points at football.Eg2:In the end their army was defeated/beaten.Eg3:They won the battle but lost many men.De
6、feat在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手。在战争中“战胜、击败”敌人Beat1,在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手，可与defeat互换。2,beat还有“连续打击、心跳、敲鼓”等意思Win 1,“赢得”赛事、战争、某物，宾语是game，prize,battle,war,scholarship,medal,success,reward,friendship 等。2,后接人时，意为“争取赢得某人的好感或支持，说服了”。exposeexpose(v)Eg1:Dont expose it to the rain/wind.(使暴露，主动)Eg2:He exposed the plan to the newspap
7、ers.Eg3:The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire.(暴露于，被动)Eg4:The machine is exposed to the wind and rain.exposed to cholera 过去分词作后置定语过去分词作后置定语Eg5:But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.=people who were exposed to cholera.curecure(
8、n)治愈治愈Eg1:Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.cure(v)治疗法治疗法Eg2:The doctor cured me of my heart failure.Eg3:It is impossible to cure the disease.cure,treat,heal和和recover的异同的异同v+sb of sth短语短语cure,treat,heal和和recover的异同的异同Eg1:Cancer is difficult to treat.Eg2:The wound heals rapidly.Eg3:Aspiri
9、n may remedy a headache.Eg4:Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.Eg5:The madicine cured her toothache.treat:治疗，含义最广，包括对伤口、病人进行诊断，制定治疗方案、开药方等，强调过程cure:治愈；治疗，多指病后恢复健康，强调结果，也可指改正不良习气heal:（伤口或断骨）愈合；复原，多指创伤，外伤，也可指矛盾，分歧recover:意思为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。remedy:医治；补救，指消除身心上的不正常、不理想的状况v+sb of sth短语
10、短语Eg1:He is accused of illegally importing arms into the country.(控 告某人犯某事（罪），指责某人做某事)The policeman accused him of murder.Eg2:They cheated the old woman of her house and money.(骗取某人某物)Eg3:He informed his wife of his safe arrival.(通知某人某情况)Eg4:The story reminds me of an experience I once had.(使某人想起)Eg
11、5:I want to rid this city of corruption.(使某人摆脱某物)Eg6:They robbed the people of their liberty.(抢劫某人的某东西)Eg7:They warned him of the danger.(警告)Eg8:The witness cleared me of my suspiction.(澄清)Eg9:He was cured of his habit of drinking.(矫正不良行为)Eg10:He told me of his trouble.(讲述)Eg11:He tried to persuade
12、me of his honesty.(说服某人某事)every timeevery time(adv短语短语)Eg1:It brews a perfect blend of coffee every time.(=always,at all times)Eg2:-Will you do it for her?Every time.(without exception,without the slightest hesitation,certainly)every time(从属连词，引导时状从属连词，引导时状=whenever)Eg3:Every time I see him,hes alwa
13、ys wearing a smile on his face.Eg4:Every time I catch a cold,I have a pain in my back.Eg5:Every time I traveled by boat,I got seasick.Eg6:Every time he bats an eyelid,every time his heart takes a pumping stroke,cells must provide energy.every time与与each time与与every time相似用法相似用法every time与与each timeE
14、g1:Our football team wins every time.Eg2:We played with them twice and were defeated each time.note:every time可与each time互换.不过,every time强调意味较强,表示总是.every time和一般现在时或过去时连用,强调经常性Eg3:Every time/Each time I ask you to do something,you always say youre too busy.Eg4:Every time/Each time my father comes t
15、o Beijing,he goes to visit the Monument to the Peoples Heroes with respect.Eg5:A cold tremble came over him every time/each time his eyes wandered in the direction of the dismal object.与与every time相似用法相似用法Eg1:She went to see him directly she got the letter.Eg2:Immediately the meal was over,he switch
16、ed on the radio.Note:immediately=as soon as(类似用法：instantly,the minute,the moment,the second)Eg3:She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.(一就)Eg4:The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.（上次）Eg5:Ill tell you the next time I see you.（下次）Eg6:I knew you are a successf
17、ul person the first time I met you.（第一次）suggestsuggest(v)Eg1:What did his suggest?(暗示)Eg2:His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.(表明（陈述语气）)Eg3:We suggest the plan to him.(建议)Eg4:He suggested going out for a walk.Eg5:I suggest that he(should)adapt himself to his new conditions
18、.(=He suggested you go there tomorrow.)Eg6:It is suggested that the work(should)be finished at once.note:suggest引导宾语从句，表建议，用虚拟语气suggestion(n)建议建议Eg7:He didnt accept my suggestion.absort（vt）absort（vt）Eg1:Clever children absorb knowledge easily.(吸收)Eg2:He always absorbs peoples attention by wearing st
19、range clothes.(吸引注意力)Eg2:Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.(被吸收)Eg3:The strong states often absorbed the small states in the past.(吞并)Eg4:He is absorbed in his business.(专心作)Eg5:Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.(兼并)absorption(n)吸收，专注吸收，专注Eg6:Complete absorption in
20、sport interfered with his studies.affectaffectEg1:The economy crisis has seriously affected the countrys export.Eg2:The sight affected her to tears.Eg3:She was deeply affected by the news of her fathers death.(=shock震惊)Eg4:Her kidneys had become affected.(疾病侵袭)Eg5:He affected not to see her.(=preten
21、d假装)affect,effect与与influence的异同的异同affect(vt):指一时的影响，强调动作，中性或贬义指一时的影响，强调动作，中性或贬义 affect=have an effect oneffect(n)：影响（可数影响（可数+不可数）不可数）(vt):实现，产生实现，产生influence(v,n)：对行为，性格，观点产生的间接或潜移默对行为，性格，观点产生的间接或潜移默 化的影响化的影响affectEg1:The news did not affect her at all.(vt)effectEg2:The news had no effect on her at
22、all.(n)Note:affect=have affect onEg3:They effected their escape in the middle of the night.(vt)(=excaped)Eg4:He effected great changes in thecompany.(vt)(=made)influenceEg5:What you read influences your thinking.(vt)Eg6:Television has a strong influence on people.(n)blameblame(v)Eg1:He blamed you fo
23、r the neglect of duty.(为某事/做某事责备某人)Eg2:He blamed Jack for not driving carefully.Eg2:The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.(把某事归咎于某人)Eg3:The driver wasnt to blame for the traffic acciednt.(应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备。note：此处不能用被动语态：此处不能用被动语态blame(n)Eg4:We were ready to take the blame
24、for what had happened.(对负责)Eg5:Shell put/lay the blame on us if it turns out badly.(把归咎于)linklink(v)Eg1:The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.(将连接起来)Eg2:link up=link together(连接起来)Eg3:The two companies met at Cole and decided to link up.(合并)link(n)Eg4:A lot of links fitted together form a chain
25、.(链)Eg5:Old friends are a link with the past.(纽带)Eg6:We must question the value of our link with the university.表表“连接连接”的异同的异同表表“连接连接”的异同的异同Eg1:Please join this pole to that one.Eg2:The government was planning a new railway connecting Marseille and Paris.Eg3:We should combine theory with practice.Eg
26、4:We are united by a common language and culture.Eg5:You cant link a murder case to a story.link:主要指连接环式的连接，或用结合物或其他方法连接，还可指一事物与另一事物的联系或关系join:指的是任何事物的直接联系，含有”还能分开之意，也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来加入到某团体中去connect:指的是通过某种媒介把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运combine:着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变
27、，但也可能失去其本性unite:强调紧密地结合成一起，含极难分解之意Learning about languageconstructioncontributeapart fromconstructionconstruction(n)1.建筑物,建设;建造术UEg1:The new school is still under construction.2.解释,意义CEg2:Lets put a good construction on her conduct first.3.be under constructionEg3:The school is still under construct
28、ion.(=being built)construct(vt)建设，创建，组成建设，创建，组成Eg4:When was the bridge constructed?Eg5:They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches.=from/of contributecontribute(v)捐献，贡献，捐助捐献，贡献，捐助Eg1:The writer personally contributed 4,000 to the earthquake fund.(把贡献给)Eg2:Medical negligence was said to have co
29、ntributed to her death.(导致）Eg3:He has contributed to British culture in many ways.(有助于)Eg4:She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.(向投稿)contribution(n)贡献，捐款，稿件贡献，捐款，稿件Eg5:All contributions will be gratefully received.Eg6:He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the
30、 project.(对.做贡献)apart fromapart from Eg1:We didnt see anyone all day,apart from a couple of kids on the beach.【除之外（都），=except/expect for】Eg2；Apart from his earnings as a football coach,he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.【除之外（还）；此外=besides】与与apart有关的词组有关的词组Eg3:Tom was always taking things
31、apart in the garage.(将拆开)Eg4:Everythings falling apart；the whole system needs jacking up.(零散/坏了)Eg5:Its almost impossible to tell the twins apart.(分辨出)Grammar 过去分词过去分词done作作定语定语 vt表被动，(完成)后置 vi表完成 前置过去分词过去分词done作作表语表语 vt表被动(表主语所处状态)vi表完成(表主语所处状态)过去分词过去分词done作作定语定语Vt的过去分词作定语的过去分词作定语 后置后置Eg1:Mrs White
32、 showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.(表被动，完成)Eg2:At the seventh International Ballet Competitions,Fernada Bujones won the first gold medal ever awarded to an American male dancer.(表被动，完成)Eg3:He is a teacher loved by his students.(表被动)Vi的过去分词作定语的过去分词作定语 前置前置Eg4:fallen leaves/r
33、etired workers/the risen sun其他情况其他情况其他情况其他情况单个单个done作定语，要作定语，要前置前置(也可也可后置后置，强调动作，强调动作)Eg1:We need much more qualified workers.Eg2:They decided to change the material used.done短语作定语，要短语作定语，要后置后置（相当于定语从句）相当于定语从句）Eg3:The students dressed in white is my daughter.=The students who is dressed in white is
34、my daughter.被修饰词是被修饰词是复合代词复合代词或或指示代词指示代词，要，要后置后置Eg4:Is there anything unsolved?Eg5:There is nothing changed here since I left this town.带有带有done的复合形容词，要的复合形容词，要前置前置Eg6:This is a state-owned factory.(n+done,表动作或行为主体)Eg7:There is a newly-built factory near here.(adv+done表方式，时间，程度，性质)过去分词过去分词done作作表语表语
35、Vt的的done表表被动被动Eg1:The playground looked quite deserted.Eg2:Mary seemed worried at the news.Vi的的done表表完成完成Eg3:The days are gone when people use foreign oil.Eg4:The sun is set,lets go home.Using languagelead toonly置于句首要部分倒装，不倒装的情况置于句首要部分倒装，不倒装的情况only if 和和 if onlysensewith的复合结构的复合结构cautiousprep+关系代词引导
36、的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句lead to(led,led)lead toEg1:Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.(n)Eg2:The policeman found out that it was the drivers carelessness that led to the accident.(n)Eg3:It turned out that a lot of factors led to the fighting.(doing)Eg4:-Why did the civil war break out?
37、-A lot of factors led to it.(pron)result in侧重于结果Eg5:The accident resulted in three people being killed.only置于句首，要置于句首，要部分倒装部分倒装的情况的情况only引导的条件状语从句，要引导的条件状语从句，要部分倒装部分倒装Eg1:Only【if you put the sun there】did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.only引导的其他成分，要引导的其他成分，要部分倒装部分倒装Eg2:Only
38、 by working hard can we succeed.(介词短语)Eg3:Only when he came back did we find out the truth.(时间状语从句时间状语从句及各类状语从句及各类状语从句)Eg4:Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.(adv.)only修饰强调主语或宾语修饰强调主语或宾语,位于句首位于句首不倒装不倒装Eg3:Only he/Tom knows the secret.Eg4:-He has been working so hard lately?-I can
39、see that.Only a few mistakes he made in the maths exam.only if 和和 if onlyOnly if引导的条从，是一个对引导的条从，是一个对“条件条件”限制更严格的限制更严格的“限制性条从限制性条从”，表示，表示“只有只有(才才)，唯一的条件是，唯一的条件是”，比，比if引导的一般条件句，引导的一般条件句，有一种增强主句语势的作用。有一种增强主句语势的作用。(only if置于句首要部分倒装置于句首要部分倒装)Eg1:I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.Eg2:Only
40、if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.Eg3:I will come home only if you come with me.=I will only come home if you come with me.If only引导的条从，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的强烈愿望，引导的条从，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的强烈愿望，相当于相当于as long as。可以独立使用，表示由于客观条件限制，某事不。可以独立使用，表示由于客观条件限制，某事不大可能实现而感到惋惜
41、或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。大可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。Eg4:If only they were here now,we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.Eg5:If only she could have lived a little longer!Eg6:If only she would come!=If she would only come!Eg6:He well succeed if only he does his best.make sense(有道理有道理)Eg1:What
42、 you said made no sense.(没道理)Eg2:It makes sense to take care of your health.(明智)Eg3:Can you make sense of this poem?(理解=understand)Eg4:In a/one sense,you did a great job.(就某种意义来说)Eg5:He was in no/little sense a political prisoner.(决不)Eg6:There is no sense in making him angry.(作没道理)Eg7:The soldier fi
43、nally came to his senses.(苏醒，不再做傻事)Eg8:Are you out of your senses?(=crazy)Eg9:we tell him he has to grow up and see sense.(明白事理，懂事)Eg10:a sixth sensewith的复合结构的复合结构 相当于相当于独立主格结构独立主格结构Eg1:With much work to do,I had to stay at home.(表将来)Eg2:With the baby looked after well,we would have nothing to worry
44、 about.(表完成，被动)Eg3:He left the small island with the fire burning.(表进行，主动)Eg4:He wore a new shirt,with the neck open,showing his bare chest.(adj表状态)Eg5:There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(prep短语)Eg6:The little boy ran along the street with nothing on.(adv)cautiouscautious(ad
45、j)谨慎地谨慎地Eg1:He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.Eg2:She was cautious of/about strangers.Eg3:We should be cautious about/of giving offence.Eg4:Sam and I were very cautious with each other and ketp our distance.caution(n)谨慎，小心谨慎，小心Eg5:When crossing a busy street we must use caution.Eg6:A si
46、gn with danger on it is a caution.caution(vt)警告，提醒警告，提醒Eg7:I cautioned him against/about being late.Eg8:We were cautioned not to drive fast.prep+关系代词关系代词引导的引导的定语从句定语从句prep+关系代词关系代词Eg1:This is the problem about which we had so much discussion.(限制性定语从句，去掉后句子意思有些不完整，甚至像病句)Eg2:He lives in a room,the window of which faces west.(非限制性定语从句，去掉后不影响主句意思，只是对主句其解释补充作用)关系代词的选择关系代词的选择Eg3:This is the man to whom I referred.(指人)Eg4:I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.(指物)prep的选择（难点）的选择（难点）1，根据上下文要表达的具体意思2，根据先行词的习惯搭配3，根据定语从句中某些词的习惯搭配