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1、状语从句状语从句 主讲人：贺瑞梅What are“Adverbial Clauses”?在主从复合句中修饰主语中的在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句状语从句”。分类如下：。分类如下：状语从句状语从句1.时间时间状语从句状语从句2.地点地点状语从句状语从句3.原因原因状语从句状语从句4.条件条件状语从句状语从句5.让步让步状语从句状语从句6.目的目的状语从句状语从句7.结果结果状语从句状语从句8.方式方式状语从句状语从句9.比较比较状语从句状语从句1)常用连词如下：常用连词如下：as,when,while,till/until,not
2、 till/until,before,since,after等。等。1.时间时间状语从句状语从句e.g.I wont know where he is until I get a letter from him.Till 只能用只能用于肯定句中，于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。句，也可以用于否定句。nIts/will be+一段时间一段时间 before+一一般现在时般现在时 表示过了多久表示过了多久才才nIts/will（not)be+一段时间一段时间 before+一般现在时一般现在时 表示没过多久表示没过多久就就nit s been+一段时间一段时
3、间 since+一般过一般过去时去时 nIt will be a long time before we meet again.nIt has been 20 years since we first saw each other.2)一些表示时间的一些表示时间的名词词组名词词组也可引也可引导时间状语从句。如：导时间状语从句。如：the moment,the minute,（一（一就）就）next time（下次）（下次）,every/each time（每次）。（每次）。ne.g.The moment he comes,I will tell him.n3).介词也可以引导状语从句。如介词也
4、可以引导状语从句。如since,before,after。nI would like to invite you to do several exercise before coming to our key points.4)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly 等副词也可引等副词也可引导状语从句。表示导状语从句。表示“一一就就”。As soon as I reach home,I will tell him the news.n n5)a.hardly when b.scarcely when/before c.no sooner than n
5、 n都相当于都相当于as soon as，用以引导时间状语从，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当句。注意：当 hardly,scarcely及及no sooner位位于句首时于句首时,从句中从句中的主谓要倒装。的主谓要倒装。n ne.g.No sooner had she gone than it happened.1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A.while B.afterC.In case D.the minute2.How long do you think i
6、t will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers?A.when B.untilC.before D.since3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.A.With B.since C.As D.While4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.A.why B.where C.when D.while5.Hardly _ into the village _ it began
7、 to rain.A.A.we had got;when B.we got;thanC.had we got;when D.did we get;than2.地点地点状语从句状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where或或wherever(在任何地方在任何地方)引导。引导。e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.1.1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is u
8、nclear to him.A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which2.If you are travelling _ the customs are totally different from your own,you may feel a cultural shock.A.in the place B.whichC.in which D.where3.原因原因状语从句状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：常用的连接词是：becaus
9、e,since,as,for,now that 及及 considering等。等。e.g.He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f.He might be ill,for he didnt come to school.表示表示“直接直接”原因。原因。表示表示“间接的推断间接的推断”原因原因.不可出现在句首。不可出现在句首。1.1.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_ this was a memory she especially t
10、reasured.A.as B.if C.when D.where2.Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.A./B.though C.for D.since4.条件条件状语从句状语从句 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：i
11、f,unless (除非除非),as/so long as(只要只要),on condition(只要只要),in case(假假使使),providing/provided(that),supposing（that）（假若，倘使），）（假若，倘使），on condition that(条件是）条件是）等。等。e.g.a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.b.We should serve the people as/so long as we live.1.We will be able to get there on
12、 time,_ our car doesnt break down on the road.A.as soon as B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.A.whether B.untilC.if D.unless3._ you have tried it,you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A.Unless B.BecauseC.Alth
13、ough D.When4.The official soon realized that,_,things would get worse.n nunless dealt with properlyn nif not properly dealing with itn nunless properly dealt withn nif dealt not properly with5.让步让步状语从句状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：语引导：though,although,even if
14、,even though,while,no matter who/,however，as等。等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。有时插在主句中间。Though/althoughThough/Although he was old,he worked hard.=He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的中国错误：注意一个典型的中国错误：though/although 切不可与切不可与but连用。连用。asn n谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装：谓语动词的倒装：n n Try as he would,
15、he could not remember a Try as he would,he could not remember a word of it.(=No matter how he would try)word of it.(=No matter how he would try)n n Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.n n Hate him as we may,we must admit his Hate him as we may,we must admit
16、his greatness.greatness.n n Search as they would,they could find nothing Search as they would,they could find nothing in the room.in the room.n n Try as you may,you will never succeed Try as you may,you will never succeedn n状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）n n Much as I admire hi
17、m as a writer,I do not like him as a man.n n Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.n n Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.n n表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）Child as he is,he know o lot.whilen nwhile引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：n n while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句它引
18、导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：只能前置，位于句首，如：n n While you may be right,I cant altogether agree.n n While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solvedwhetherorn nwhetherorwhetheror引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：n n 这种从句也称这种从句也称这种从句也称这种从句也称“选择条件选择条件选择条件选择条件-让步状语从句让步状语从句
19、让步状语从句让步状语从句”，可位于，可位于，可位于，可位于主句之前或之后，如：主句之前或之后，如：主句之前或之后，如：主句之前或之后，如：n n Whether he drives or(whether he)flies,he will be here on Whether he drives or(whether he)flies,he will be here on time.time.n n Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.n n W
20、hether or not it rains,Im giving a party tomorrow.Whether or not it rains,Im giving a party tomorrow.n n We hold that all countries,(whether they are)big or small,We hold that all countries,(whether they are)big or small,(whether they are)rich or poor,should be equal.(whether they are)rich or poor,s
21、hould be equal.n n Whether it rains or snows,I will go tonight.Whether it rains or snows,I will go tonight.n n She had to go,whether or not she wanted it.She had to go,whether or not she wanted it.whoever,whomever,whatever,whichevern n由连接代词由连接代词由连接代词由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whicheverwhoever,wh
22、omever,whatever,whichever引导引导引导引导的让步状语从句：的让步状语从句：的让步状语从句：的让步状语从句：n n WhoeverWhoever(=no matter who)is unwilling to go,I will go.(=no matter who)is unwilling to go,I will go.n n (whoever (whoever 既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语no matter no matter 连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词又相当于疑问代词又
23、相当于疑问代词又相当于疑问代词who)who)n n Whomever(=no matter whom)you are dealing with,this Whomever(=no matter whom)you are dealing with,this method is no good.method is no good.n n Whatever(=no matter what)happens,keep calm.Whatever(=no matter what)happens,keep calm.n n Whatever others may say,you are certainly
24、 right.Whatever others may say,you are certainly right.n n Whichever(=no matter which)you choose,we have no Whichever(=no matter which)you choose,we have no objection.objection.whatever 或whichevern n由连接形容词由连接形容词由连接形容词由连接形容词whatever whatever 或或或或whichever whichever 引导的让步状引导的让步状引导的让步状引导的让步状语从句，如：语从句，如
25、：语从句，如：语从句，如：n n WhateverWhatever(=no matter what)difficulties may (=no matter what)difficulties may arise,we must and can overcome them one by one.arise,we must and can overcome them one by one.(whatever(whatever 既相当于既相当于既相当于既相当于no matter no matter 连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词又相当于疑问形容词
26、又相当于疑问形容词又相当于疑问形容词what what 修饰名词修饰名词修饰名词修饰名词difficultiesdifficulties。)n n Whichever(=no matter which)room is assigned Whichever(=no matter which)room is assigned to him,he will have no objection.to him,he will have no objection.n n Whichever method you use,the result is much Whichever method you use
27、,the result is much the same.the same.however,wherever 或whenevern n由连接副词由连接副词由连接副词由连接副词however,wherever however,wherever 或或或或whenever whenever 引导的引导的引导的引导的让步状语从句。让步状语从句。让步状语从句。让步状语从句。例如：例如：例如：例如：n n However(=no matter how)difficult the task However(=no matter how)difficult the task may be,we will fu
28、lfil it on time.may be,we will fulfil it on time.n n (however (however 既相当于既相当于既相当于既相当于 no matter no matter 连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词又相当于疑问副词又相当于疑问副词又相当于疑问副词 how how 修饰修饰修饰修饰 difficultdifficult。)n n Wherever(=no matter where)they went,they Wherever(=no matter where)they went,they were
29、 warmly welcomed.were warmly welcomed.n n Whenever Im unhappy,he cheers me up.Whenever Im unhappy,he cheers me up.n n The dog follows me wherever I go.The dog follows me wherever I go.even though和和 thoughn n even though(=even if)引导的从句指把握引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为不大或假设的事情，意为“即使即使”、“纵纵然然”；n nMost of us ignor
30、e the food advice,even if/even though we know it to be true.1.1._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.A.While B.since C.Before D.Unless2.The workers are determined to go through with their railway project,_ the expenses have risen.A.A.as long as B.even thoughC.now that D.
31、as though3._,he knows more than other children of his age.A.However young child he isB.Child as he isC.No matter how young child isD.What a young child he is4.I really want the match,however much _.A.does it cost B.costs itC.will it cost D.it costs5._ we have finished the course,we shall start doing
32、 more revision work.A.A.For now B.Now thatC.By now D.until6._,the idea off having to work under a woman defeated him.A.A.Wanting the job very muchB.B.Although wanting the job badlyC.C.Though he wanted the job very muchD.D.He wanted the job badly6.目的目的状语从句状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 用于正式
33、文体中，所引用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。从句可于主句前或后。so thata.较常用，一般用于主句后较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，有时可分开，so 有时可省有时可省;从句中从句中要有情态动词要有情态动词，否则，否则,就成为下一种句型：就成为下一种句型：b.无无情态动词则引导情态动词则引导结果状结果状语语从句。从句。for fear that;in case;lest(以免以免)等。等。e.g.a.Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better.b.I shall write it down lest I should forge
34、t.注意：注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用用so as to do 或或 in order to do e.g.He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.7.结果结果状语从句状语从句结果结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,so that,such that;so that 等引导。等引导。e.g.a.So quickly did he run that I
35、couldnt catch up with him.b.The bus broke down so that we had to walk home.c.He got to the station finally,only to find the train had left.8.方式方式状语从句状语从句描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as,just as,as if,as though,according to 等。等。e.g.a.We must do as the Party tells us.b.
36、Leave the things as they are.c.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.d.It sounds as if it is raining.9.比较比较状语从句状语从句比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as as,not so/as as,morethan,less than,the more+adj./adv.,the more+adj./adv.e.g.a.He is not so/as healthy as his brother.b.They jumped up and do
37、wn as hard as they could.c.John is less clever than Peter.1.1.Roses need special care _ they can live through winter.A.A.because B.so thatC.even if D.as2.If things are left _ they are,the problems will never be settled,Im afraid.A.A.how B.as C.what D.where3.Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed.A.A.like B.so C.which D.as4.I dare not go there _ my parents will see me.A.A.in case of B.for fear ofC.in order that D.for fear that