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1、英语语音专题英语语音专题The AlphabetInternationalInternational Phonetic symbolsPhonetic symbols（国（国际音标）际音标）1.什么是国际音标？什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的 分歧分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借就要借 助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便于是便 产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做叫做“音符音符”(Phonet
2、ic symbols)。我们我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有国际音标共有48个个,其中其中,元音音标元音音标20个，个，辅音音标辅音音标28个。个。How many phonetic symbols are there?48 phonetic symbolsVowelsoundsConsonantsPurevowelsdiphthongsVoicelessC.VoicedC.i:ie:u:uu:ueiuaiauiiuptkfstrhbdgvzddrdzrlmnwj元音元音vo
3、wels(20个个)元音的分类元音的分类:英语元音音素共英语元音音素共20个个，分单元，分单元音和双元音两大类。音和双元音两大类。(A)单元音（单元音（12个）：个）：a.前元音：前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/b.后元音：后元音：/u:/,/u/,/,/,/:a:/c.中元音：中元音：/:/,/,/(B)双元音双元音（8个）：个）：a.合口双元音：合口双元音：/ei/,/i/ai/,u/,/au/,b.集中双元音：集中双元音：/i /,/,/u/以上所讲的是按发音时舌的活动范围来分类的，以上所讲的是按发音时舌的活动范围来分类的，此外此外,可以按发音时的唇形分类：圆唇音可以按发音时的唇形分
4、类：圆唇音/,/:/,/u/,/u:/；扁唇音；扁唇音/i:/,/:/；以及按长、短；以及按长、短音分类：长元音音分类：长元音/i:/,/u:/,/:/,/,/:a:/，短元音，短元音/i/,/e/,/,/u/,/,/,/元音音素的发音方法和位置：元音音素的发音方法和位置：前元音前元音(Frontvowels)/i:/,/i/,/e/,/前元音的特点就是前舌在活动前元音的特点就是前舌在活动,舌尖都抵下齿舌尖都抵下齿背背,前舌都向硬颚抬起前舌都向硬颚抬起,只是高度不同。发只是高度不同。发/i:/音音时前舌抬得最高时前舌抬得最高,发发/音时前舌最低。发音时前舌最低。发/i:/音时牙床开得最小音时牙
5、床开得最小,发发/音时牙床开得最大。音时牙床开得最大。唇的扁平程度和肌肉的紧张程度也不同。带有唇的扁平程度和肌肉的紧张程度也不同。带有“:”的要发长音的要发长音,不带不带“:”的发短音。但是的发短音。但是/虽然不带虽然不带“:”,但要比其他短音发得稍长一但要比其他短音发得稍长一些。些。1.前元音前元音 i:e,ee,ea,ie,ei,eoA:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.ii,e,y,eyHislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.ee,ea,aiGood,better,best.Neverletitres
6、t.Tillgoodisbetter.Andbetterbest.aCat,cat!Catchthatblackrat!he see,read,piece,ceiling,peopleis,English,busy,moneyred,then,head,againhat,bag,can,appleCompare1.it-eat 2.liveleave 2.3.fillfeel 4.seatsit 3.5.treetrip 6.bitbee 7.sheepship 8.deeddid 9.liveleave 10.feedfit 11.peapit 12.ridread 13.streetstr
7、ict 14.sleepslip Compare1.bet-bat 2.patpet 2.3.bagbeg 4.satset 3.5.neck-lack 6.sadsaid 7.badbed 8.daddead 9.ladled 10.fadfed c.中中元元音音(Central vowels)/:/,/，/中元音的特点就是舌的中部稍稍隆起中元音的特点就是舌的中部稍稍隆起（不太容易感觉到）（不太容易感觉到）,舌平放口中舌平放口中,不抵下不抵下齿背；口腔各部分都很自然齿背；口腔各部分都很自然,肌肉松弛。肌肉松弛。发这两个中元音的方法及部位类似发这两个中元音的方法及部位类似,区别在区别在于：发于
8、：发/音时音时,牙床半开牙床半开,双唇中常双唇中常,只要只要一张口就可发出一张口就可发出/音音,它是它是12个单元音中个单元音中最弱、最模糊的一个音。最弱、最模糊的一个音。er,a,e,o,ourThefarmerssisterisadoctor.:ir,ur,or,ear,erTheearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.o,uCometothefrontonthedouble.clever,ruler,panda,open,today,colourgirl,shirt,purple,work,earth,herlove,colour,us,duck中元音中元音Phrase
9、s:A dirty skirthurt a birdLearn to workworse and worseRead the wordsagoagainaddresshundredparentlicensewaterAugustbananatodaycolourpoliceman PhrasesSooner or laterAutumn and AugustWorker and farmerabout the picture of the teacherb.后元音后元音(Back vowels)/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/后元音的特点就是后舌在活动。发后元后元音的特点就是后舌在活动。发
10、后元音时舌不抵下齿背音时舌不抵下齿背,而是平放在口中而是平放在口中,只是后只是后舌抬起的高度不同。舌抬起的高度不同。/,/:/,/u/,/u:/是是圆唇音圆唇音,发发/音时是大圆唇音时是大圆唇,发发/:/,/u/,/u:/音音时时,唇唇依依次次缩缩小小,发发/u:/音音时时就就成成了了小小圆圆唇唇了了。发发/:/音音时时牙牙床床开开得得最最大大,依依次次缩缩小小,到发到发/u:/音时牙床开得最小。音时牙床开得最小。a:ar,a Its far to the farm from the park.o,aThelittlepotissohot.:or,a,au,arMydaughterwhosfo
11、rty-fourisalawyer.uooLookatthecookbook.Itsreallygood.u:oo,u,ou,oeHowdoyoudo?Youlookreallycool.shop,sorry,watch,whatmorning,call,autumn,warmfootball,wood,classroom,booksoon,ruler,soup,shoehalf,class,park,hard后元音后元音Compare a:1.cut-cart 2.lucklark 2.3.duckdark 4.toughtask 3.5.mudmark 6.busbath 7.farfun
12、 8.shutshark a:fa:spka:pit sndipa:tibsfa:msnba:skitktCompare 1.pot-port 2.lotlord 2.3.notnorth 4.foxforks 3.5.shotshort 6.wokwalk7.spotsport 8.cockcaught Comparewalkworkshortshirtwarmworddoor-dirtsore-sircause-curd_ i:i e a:u:u :单元音单元音 vowels(12个个)双元音eia,ai,ay,ea,eiRain,raingoaway.LittleJohnnywantst
13、oplay.aii,yOutofsight,outofmind.ioy,oiSoybeanoilismychoice.uo,oa,ow,Goandopenthewindow,Joe,andshowmethephoto.auou,owIfoundamouseinthehouse.game,rain,play,greatfive,idea,try,goodbyeboy,toy,point,oilold,hello,coat,showabout,round,down,townfacesamegameplaywastehatelatehaycomplainfamousRead the wordsIli
14、fequietmindpricenightdieshywhiteliehighPhraseseihate to be latesave her facenever wastemet the first ladyaiPhrasesthe blue skyin the countrysidethe biting windOut of sight,out of mindai 写法写法_ 1 2 ai 3 ai roadcoatgoatboatloadcoldsmokegohomehopeRead the wordshowaboutshoutcowloudmousegroundhourcrownmou
15、thPhrasesu Gold Coast make a toast be all bonesthe local languagePhrasesau go for an outing between ourselves read aloudout of dateau_写法写法 1 2 au 3 auLearnthephrasestoil and moila spoiled boy Annoying noiselive for enjoymentLearnthephrasestoil and moila spoiled boy Annoying noiselive for enjoymentRe
16、ad the words Boysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoysoyannoyingemployRead the wordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!oilsoilboilcoinpointnoiseiear,eer,eaWeareneartheendoftheyear.ere,air,are,eirWherethereisawill,thereisaway.uure,ourItssuretobegoodforthetourists.Poortour!hear,year,deer,reallythere,c
17、hair,careful,theirsure,tour,poor,February写法写法_ 1 2 3 Read the wordsRead the wordsiear dear hear tear fear clear here beer sneer peer pearwearwheredarecaresharebarerarehairflairfairstairrepairRead the phrases i come here drink the beer very clear fear nothing here and there Cheering with tearsLearnthephrases share your banana with monkey eat a lot of pears a rare metal run barefoot at the trade fairRead the words u sure unsure brochure poor moor tourTongue Twister Sure sure sure,Poor poor poor,Im sure you know Im poor,So I cant go to make a tour._ i u ei ai u au i i:i e a:u:u元音元音 vowels(20个个)