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1、 哈萨克族论文：哈萨克族食肉文化及其象征意义【中文摘要】哈萨克族因其独特的游牧生产方式,孕育出别具风格的草原饮食文化。其中食肉文化是哈萨克族不可或缺的物质基础,同时也是他们十分重要的精神财富,是研究哈萨克民族文化的核心所在。通过为期四个月的田野调查所收集第一手资料和文献材料的基础上,本文应用民族学、象征人类学的理论与方法详细的介绍了哈萨克族生存环境、经济生活,研究了哈萨克族饮食习俗、饮食结构、饮食禁忌、食肉文化以及跟食肉有关的民间游戏并探讨了哈萨克族食肉文化的象征意义。哈萨克族有一代又一代传承下来的用连骨肉接待客人的习俗。对不同的客人用羊、牛、马、骆驼的不同部位的肉来接待,谁先食用、怎么食用、
2、该食什么都有一定的规则,折射出一个家庭或社群的社会分层、性别角色以及权力关系,形成了非制度性的文化。在食肉过程中,我们能够看到的不仅是哈萨克族的思想道德、文化素养、生存状态、社会需求等精神和物质活动的表像,更能体悟到哈萨克族赋予食物的深层象征含义。本文总共分四章,具体内容有以下几个方面：第一章“绪论”。主要阐明选题的和意义、饮食文化的界定与研究概况,田野调查的基本情况、田野调查点的描述、目前国内外研究现状和本文采用的研究方法。第二章描述了生活环境与经济生活及饮食结构。为了更好的了解哈萨克族食肉文化,此章详细的介绍哈萨克族的居住环境与经济生活,哈萨克族传统的经济生产方式等。并且以此为基础还阐明了
3、哈萨克族饮食结构,以便能够显现食肉文化在哈萨克族饮食文化中的地位。第三章为哈萨克族食肉文化及其象征意义。本章是整个论文的核心部分,此章先详细的介绍了哈萨克人对家畜的宰法、肉食制作方法、连骨肉分法以及带有象征意义的食用方法等传统习俗。并且阐明了哈萨克人食肉过程中,家畜每一个部位是给谁食用、有何、食肉与社会分层等问题。还解释了哈萨克族对家畜每一个部位连骨肉赋予的象征意义。第四章为哈萨克族食肉文化中的礼仪、民间游戏及禁忌。礼仪也是哈萨克族食肉文化的重要组成部分,它对食肉活动能够顺利、按秩序进行起到重要的作用。其中还阐明了各种人生礼仪与食肉文化的联系。还介绍了各种跟食肉有关的民间游戏及它的社会作用等,
4、最后简单介绍了哈萨克族饮食文化中跟食肉有关的一些禁忌。【英文摘要】Owing to the unique nomadic production of the Kazakh people, a distinctive type of food culture was developed in the steppes. Meat is an integral part of Kazakhs food cultures material base as well as an important source of their spiritual wealth, and thus is a centr
5、al concern to Kazakh cultural studies.Based on four months of field research in which primary materials and documentary sources were collected, this study utilizes ethnology and symbolic anthropological theories and methodologies to give a detailed introduction to Kazakhs living environment and econ
6、omic livelihood.The custom of treating guests with meat has been passed down through generations of Kazakhs. Different sections of mutton, beef, horse, or camel meat are given to different types of guests; who eats first, how they eat, and what part they eat are all governed by certain rules, and re
7、flect a family or communitys social level, a persons gender role, and power relationships. These rules form a non-institutionalized culture. During the process of meat consumption, we not only can see peoples morals, cultural attainment, existential condition, social needs, and other spiritual and m
8、aterial manifestations, we can also ascertain the deep symbolic meaning given to people by food.This paper is divided into four sections, as follows:The first section is an introduction which describes the purpose and significance of the research, the scope of food culture and state of the art, the
9、basic conditions of the field research, description of the field research site, the current state of research on the subject in and out of China, and the methodology used in this paper.The second chapter describes the living environment, economic life, and structure of consumption. In order to bette
10、r understand Kazakhs meat culture, this chapter gives a detailed introduction to the domestic environment, economic life, and traditional economic production of the Kazakhs. On this basis, the structure of Kazakhs consumption habits will be explored in order to explicate the place of meat in Kazakh
11、food culture.The third section is dedicated to the symbolic significance of Kazakh meat culture. This is the core of the study;first the methods of domestic livestock slaughter, meat production, division of bones and meat, and the related symbolic significance found in customs and eating will be int
12、roduced in detail. This will be followed by an explication of the process of meat consumption, the distribution of meat, the purpose of the distribution, and the social division reflected in Kazakh meat customs. Finally the symbolic significance of every section of bone and meat will be explained.Th
13、e fourth section is about meat related rituals, folk games, and taboos found in Kazakh culture. Etiquette is an important part of Kazakh meat culture, it provides a smooth, ordered progression for meat related activities. The relation between all types of etiquette and meat consumption are explored
14、in this section. Then all sorts of folk games and their social functions are introduced, and finally some taboos related to Kazakh meat culture will be explored.【关键词】哈萨克族 食肉文化 象征【英文关键词】Kazakh meat culture symbols【目录】哈萨克族食肉文化及其象征意义摘要3-4Abstract4-51 绪论8-151.1 选题背景8-13 问题的提出8-9 问题的提出9 研究意义9-10 研究方法10-1
15、2 象征人类学与饮食民族学12-131.2 文献综述13-15 国外学者研究13-14 国内研究14-152 哈萨克族生存环境、经济生活与饮食结构15-202.1 哈萨克族生存环境与经济生活15-18 哈萨克族生存环境15-16 哈萨克族生产方式16-182.2 哈萨克族饮食结构18-20 肉食类18-19 奶制品和面食19-203 哈萨克族食肉文化及其象征意义20-373.1 家畜的宰法及分法21-26 羊和山羊等小畜的宰法及分法21-24 牛、马骆驼等大畜的宰法及分法24-26 骆驼的宰法及分法263.2 肉食制作方法26-283.3 哈萨克族食肉习俗28-313.4 家畜各部位的象征意义31-374 以食肉为核心的人生礼仪及禁忌37-434.1 食肉与人生礼37-40 食肉与降生礼37-38 食肉与婚礼38-39 食肉与丧葬礼39-404.2 食肉与民间游戏40-41 投掷白骨头游戏40 藏踝骨游戏40 髀石游戏40-414.3 哈萨克族食肉禁忌41-43结语43-44参考文献44-46在读期间发表的论文46-47后记47【备注】索购全文在线加好友QQ：139938848 同时提供论文写作一对一指导和论文发表委托服务。本文由学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总库或学校联系。