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1、 英文翻译英文部分rDeveloping applications with DelphiBorland Delphi is an object-oriented, visual programming environment to develop32-bit applications for deployment on Windows and Linux. Using Delphi, you can create highly efficient applications with a minimum of manual coding.Delphi provides a suite of R
2、apid Application Development (RAD) design tools,including programming wizards and application and form templates, and supports object-oriented programming with a comprehensive class library that includes: The Visual Component Library (VCL), which includes objects that encapsulate theWindows API as w
3、ell as other useful programming techniques (Windows). The Borland Component Library for Cross-Platform (CLX), which includes objects that encapsulate the Qt library (Windows or Linux).This chapter briefly describes the Delphi development environment and how it fitsinto the development life cycle. Th
4、e rest of this manual provides technical details ondeveloping general-purpose, database, Internet and Intranet applications, creatingActiveX and COM controls, and writing your own components.Integrated development environmentWhen you start Delphi, you are immediately placed within the integrated dev
5、elopment environment, also called the IDE. This IDE provides all the tools you need to design, develop, test, debug, and deploy applications, allowing rapid prototyping and a shorter development time.The IDE includes all the tools necessary to start designing applications, such as the: Form Designer
6、, or form, a blank window on which to design the user interface (UI) for your application. Component palette for displaying visual and nonvisual components you can use to design your user interface. Object Inspector for examining and changing an objects properties and events. Object TreeView for dis
7、playing and changing a components logical relationships. Code editor for writing and editing the underlying program logic. Project Manager for managing the files that make up one or more projects. Integrated debugger for finding and fixing errors in your code. Many other tools such as property edito
8、rs to change the values for an objects property. Command-line tools including compilers, linkers, and other utilities. Extensive class libraries with many reusable objects. Many of the objects provided in the class library are accessible in the IDE from the Component palette. By convention, the name
9、s of objects in the class library begin with a T, such as TStatusBar. Names of objects that begin with a Q are based on the Qt library and are used for cross-platform applications.Some tools may not be included in all editions of the product.A more complete overview of the development environment is
10、 presented in the Quick Start manual included with the product. In addition, the online Help system provides help on all menus, dialog boxes, and windows.Designing applicationsYou can design any kind of 32-bit applicationfrom general-purpose utilities to sophisti ated data access programs or distrib
11、uted applications.You can create your own components using the Delphi language. Most of the components provided are written in Delphi. You can add components that you write to the Component palette and customize the palette for your use by including new tabs if needed.You can also design application
12、s that run on both Linux and Windows by using CLX components. CLX contains a set of classes that, if used instead of those in the VCL, allows your program to port between Windows and Linux. Refer to Chapter 15, “Developing cross-platform applications” for details about cross-platform programming and
13、 the differences between the Windows and Linux environments. If you are using Kylix while developing cross-platform applications, Kylix also includes a Developers Guide that is tailored for the Linux environment. You can refer to the manual both in the Kylix online Help or the printed manual provide
14、d with the Kylix product.Chapter 8, “Building applications, components, and libraries,” introduces support for different types of applications.Creating projectsAll application development revolves around projects. When you create an application in Delphi you are creating a project. A project is a co
15、llection of files that make up an application. Some of these files are created at design time. Others are generated automatically when you compile the project source code.You can view the contents of a project in a project management tool called the Project Manager. The Project Manager lists, in a h
16、ierarchical view, the unit names, the forms contained in the unit (if there is one), and shows the paths to the files in the project. Although you can edit many of these files directly, it is often easier and more reliable to use the visual tools.At the top of the project hierarchy is a group file.
17、You can combine multiple projects into a project group. This allows you to open more than one project at a time in the Project Manager. Project groups let you organize and work on related projects, such as applications that function together or parts of a multi-tiered application. If you are only wo
18、rking on one project, you do not need a project group file to create an application.Project files, which describe individual projects, files, and associated options, have a .dpr extension. Project files contain directions for building an application or shared object. When you add and remove files us
19、ing the Project Manager, the project file is updated. You specify project options using a Project Options dialog which has tabs for various aspects of your project such as forms, application, and compiler. These project options are stored in the project file with the project.Units and forms are the
20、basic building blocks of an application. A project can share any existing form and unit file including those that reside outside the project directory tree. This includes custom procedures and functions that have been written as standalone routines.If you add a shared file to a project, realize that
21、 the file is not copied into the current project directory; it remains in its current location. Adding the shared file to the current project registers the file name and path in the uses clause of the project file. Delphi automatically handles this as you add units to a project. When you compile a p
22、roject, it does not matter where the files that make up the project reside. The compiler treats shared files the same as those created by the project itself.Editing codeThe Code editor is a full-featured ASCII editor. If using the visual programming environment, a form is automatically displayed as
23、part of a new project. You can start designing your application interface by placing objects on the form and modifying how they work in the Object Inspector. But other programming tasks, such as writing event handlers for objects, must be done by typing the code.The contents of the form, all of its
24、properties, its components, and their properties can be viewed and edited as text in the Code editor. You can adjust the generated code in the Code editor and add more components within the editor by typing code. As you type code into the editor, the compiler is constantly scanning for changes and u
25、pdating the form with the new layout. You can then go back to the form, view and test the changes you made in the editor, and continue adjusting the form from there.The code generation and property streaming systems are completely open to inspection. The source code for everything that is included i
26、n your final executable fileall of the VCL objects, CLX objects, RTL sources, and project filescan be viewed and edited in the Code editor.Compiling applicationsWhen you have finished designing your application interface on the form and writing additional code so it does what you want, you can compi
27、le the project from the IDE or from the command line. All projects have as a target a single distributable executable file. You can view or test your application at various stages of development by compiling, building, or running it: When you compile, only units that have changed since the last comp
28、ile are recompiled. When you build, all units in the project are compiled, regardless of whether they have changed since the last compile. This technique is useful when you are unsure of exactly which files have or have not been changed, or when you simply want to ensure that all files are current a
29、nd synchronized. Its also important to build when youve changed global compiler directives to ensure that all code compiles in the proper state.You can also test the validity of your source code without attempting to compile the project. When you run, you compile and then execute your application. I
30、f you modified the source code since the last compilation, the compiler recompiles those changed modules and relinks your application. If you have grouped several projects together, you can compile or build all projects in a single project group at once. Choose Project|Compile All Projects or Projec
31、t|Build All Projects with the project group selected in the Project Manager. Note To compile a CLX application on Linux, you need Kylix.Debugging applicationsWith the integrated debugger, you can find and fix errors in your applications. The integrated debugger lets you control program execution, mo
32、nitor variable values and items in data structures, and modify data values while debugging.The integrated debugger can track down both runtime errors and logic errors. By running to specific program locations and viewing the variable values, the functions on the call stack, and the program output, y
33、ou can monitor how your program behaves and find the areas where it is not behaving as designed. The debugger is described in online Help.You can also use exception handling to recognize, locate, and deal with errors. Exceptions are classes, like other classes in Delphi, except, by convention, they
34、begin with an initial E rather than a T.Deploying applicationsDelphi includes add-on tools to help with application deployment. For example, InstallShield Express (not available in all editions) helps you to create an installation package for your application that includes all of the files needed fo
35、r running a distributed application. TeamSource software (not available in all editions) is also available for tracking application updates.To deploy a CLX application on Linux, you need Kylix.Note Not all editions have deployment capabilities.Refer to Chapter 18, “Deploying applications,” for speci
36、fic information on deployment.中文部分 发展中的应用软件DelphiDelphi是一个目标导向，可视化编程环境，来扩展32位的，使用Delhi，你可以用最少量的手工译码创建高效的应用。Delphi提供了一系列的RAD的设计工具，包括程序压缩和应用和形成模板，并用层次比较高的图书馆来支持目标导向程序。VCL，可以把WindowsAPL和其他有用的编程工具压缩CLX，可以把Qt library压缩。本片文章简要地描述了Delphi运行环境和它是怎样适合发展的周期循环。其余提供了一般目的，数据库，因特网和互连网应用，创造ActiveX and COM控制的技术详细资料，
37、并写下你自己的见解。完整的发展环境当你使用Delphi的时候，你应该立即投入到完整的发展环境，也叫作IDE，IDE可以提供给你在设计、发展、测试、调试、配置应用中所需要的所有工具，并提供了快速的原型和更短的发展时间。IDE包括了开始设计应用的所必须的工具，例如：l 架构设计，或者形成一个可以在上面设计用户界面的空白窗口。l 组成画板，展示可视和非可视部分，你可以使用它们来设计你的用户界面。l 目标检测，检查和改变目标的属性和事件。l 目标树型图，显示和改变组件的逻辑关系。l 代码编辑器，编写和编辑基本程序逻辑。l 项目管理器，管理组成一个或多个项目的文件。l 综合调试器，找出和修改编码中的错误
38、。l 许多其他工具，如；属性编辑器改变目标属性值。l 命令行工具，包括编译器，目标代码连接器，和其他用途。l 大量的类库包括许多可再度利用的对象。类库中提供的许多对象可以从IDE中的组成画板获得。通过协定，类库中对象的名字以T开头，例如TStatusBar，以Q字母开头的对象的名字是基于Qt库的，并被用于交叉平台的应用。一些工具不可能在产品的所有版本中包括。发展环境的更完整的看法在快速启动中提出包括产物。还有，在线帮助系统可以提供所有的菜单，对话框，和窗口的帮助。设计应用你可以设计任何种的32位应用程序从普通目的的用途到精密的数据获得程序或者分布应用。当你设计为了你应用的用户界面，架构设计器产
39、生隐藏的Delph编码来支持应用。当你选择和修改组成和架构的属性，改变的结果可以在源代码中自动出现，反之依然。你可以直接使用任何文本编辑器来修改源文件，包括内置代码编辑器。你做的任何改变可以立即在可视环境中反映。使用Delphi语言，你可以创造你自己的架构。大部分的架构可以写在Delphi中。如果需要，你可以为你的使用增加组成画板和定制颜料。你也可以使用CLX组件，自己设计在Linux and Windows中都能运行的应用软件。CLX包含一系列分类，如果在VCL中代替那些而被使用，可以允许你的程序在Windows和Linux转换。15章中提到“发展中的交叉平台”详细的介绍了交叉平台程序和在W
40、indows和Windows环境中的区别。如果你在使用Kylix而在运行交叉平台应用程序，Kylix也包括开发者的向导来把你带到Linux环境中。你也可以参考Kylix产品提供的Kylix在线帮助。第8章中，“建设应用程序，组件和库”,也介绍了支持不同类型的应用软件。创建对象所有的应用软件发展包括项目。当你在Delphi中创建一个应用软件，你正在创建一个项目。项目是组成项目的文件的收集。一些这样的设计文件在设计时间被创建。其他的是在当你编译项目源代码时自动产生。你可以在项目管理工具叫做项目管理器中来观看项目的内容。项目管理器分类列表，单元名称，单元中包含的窗体(如果是一个)，并且显示项目中文件
41、的路径。虽然你可以直接编辑许多这些文件，但是使用可视化工具会更简单和更可靠。项目等级的顶部是一组文件。你可以把多个项目合成一个项目组。这样可以允许你在项目管理器中一次打开多个项目。项目组让你组织和工作在相关的项目，例如一起运行或者部分多层应用程序的应用。如果你只工作在一个项目中，你不必需要一个项目组来创建一个应用程序。描述单个项目，文件和相关的选择的项目文件有一个外延的拨号脉冲接收机。项目文件包括建一个应用程序的的导向或者可以共享的对象。当你使用对象管理器来增加和移动文件时，项目文件被矫正了。你可以使用项目选项对话框来详细说明项目选项，项目选项对话框有你的项目的各方面的制表符，例如窗体，应用程
42、序，编译器。这些项目选项被保存在和项目一起的项目文件中。单位和窗体是应用程序的最基本的建设结构。一个项目可以分享任何现有的窗体和单位文件包括项目目录树外的那些。这包括已经被作为标准规范中的海关程序和职责。如果你要加一个分享文件到项目中，必须认识到文件没有在当前项目目录中被复制，仍然在当前的位置中。增加分享文件到当前的项目中要在项目文件的使用条款中注册文件名和路径。当你加单元到项目中时Delphi会自动处理这个问题。当你编译项目时，构成项目的文件放在哪里都时无所谓的。编译器会追踪和项目本身产生的那些一样的文件。编辑代码代码编辑器是一个ASCII编辑器。如果使用可视化程序环境，窗体会自动作为新项目
43、的部分来展示。你可以通过把项目放在窗体开始设计你的应用界面并且在对象检测器修改他们的工作。但是其他的设计任务必须由键入代码来完成，例如为项目写事件的处理人。窗体的内容，所有的属性，它的组成和它们的属性可以作为代码编辑器的文本被可视和编辑。你可以调整代码编辑器中的产生代码并且通过键入代码把更多的成分加入到编辑器中。当你把代码键入编辑器中时，编译器可以不断地扫描变化和更新新设计的窗体。然后你可以回到窗体中，观察和测试你在编辑器中所作的改变，并连续调整窗体。代码产生器和属性流动系统完全对检查公开。包含在你最后的执行文件中的所有文件的源代码可以在代码编辑器观察和编辑VCL对象，CLX对象，RTL源，和
44、项目文件。编辑应用当你已经完成了在窗体中的应用界面的设计和写辅助码，你想要的等等，你可以编译IDE的项目或者命令行的项目。所有的项目作为对象都由一个单一分配可执行文件。你也可以通过编译，建造或者启动它来观察或者测试在各运行的阶段的应用文件。l 当你编译的时候，从最后的编译已经改变的单一单元被再编 译。l 当你建造的时候，项目中所有的单元都被编译了，无论他们是否在最后的编译中被改变。当你在不确定文件改或没改的精确性，或者当你只想确保所有的文件是通用的和同步的时候，这项技术是十分有用的。当你已经改变了全球的编译指示来确保恰当的状态下所有的代码编译器，它也对构建是十分重要的。l 当你运行的时候，你编
45、译然后执行你的应用程序。如果你自从 最后的编译救修改了源代码，编译器会重新编译那些已经改变的模块和重新连接你的应用程序。如果你已经把几个项目组在一起，你就可以立刻编译或者构建所有的项目在一个项目组中。选择在项目管理器选择的项目组中的项目编译或者项目构建。Note 为了在Linux编译一个CLX应用程序，你需要Kylix.。调试应用软件用综合调试，你可以在你的应用软件中找到错误并修改。综合调试器让你控制程序执行，监视数据结构中的可变值和条款，并在调试过程中修改数值。综合调试器可以追踪运行时间错误和逻辑错误。通过运行专业程序位置和观察可变值，命令行的函数，和程序输出，你可以检测你的程序是怎么样运行
46、的和找出设计中没被运行的区域。调试器在在线帮助中被描述。你也可以使用例额外命令处理认识，定位，和处理错误。额外命令是分等级的，像Delphi中的其他等级，除了，通过协定，他们开始用E开头而不是用T开头。配置应用软件Delphi包括增加工具来帮助应用配置。例如，InstallShield Express（不是所有的版本都可用）帮助你为你的应用软件(包括所有驱动一个分布应用软件的所有文件)创造一个安装包。TeamSource software（不是所有的版本都可用）也对跟踪应用软件更新材料利用。为了在Linux配置一个CLX应用软件，你需要Kylix。Note不是所有的版本都有配置功能。第18章中提到“配置应用软件”，里面有关于配置的专业化的信息。