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1、Unit6SantaAnan nTheSantaAnaWindsTheSantaAnaWindsn nNamedafterSouthernCaliforniasSantaAnaCanyonandaNamedafterSouthernCaliforniasSantaAnaCanyonandafixtureoflocallegendandliterature,theSantaAnaisablustery,fixtureoflocallegendandliterature,theSantaAnaisablustery,dryandwarm(oftenhot)windthatblowsoutofthe
2、desert.Indryandwarm(oftenhot)windthatblowsoutofthedesert.InRaymondChandlersstoryRaymondChandlersstoryRed WindRed Wind,thetitlebeingoneofthe,thetitlebeingoneoftheoffshorewindsmanynicknames,theSantaAnaswereoffshorewindsmanynicknames,theSantaAnaswereintroducedasthosehotdrywindsthatcomedownthroughintrod
3、ucedasthosehotdrywindsthatcomedownthroughthemountainpassesandcurlyourhairandmakeyournervesthemountainpassesandcurlyourhairandmakeyournervesjumpandyourskinitch.Onnightslikethateveryboozejumpandyourskinitch.Onnightslikethateverybooze酒宴酒宴,酒会酒会 partyendsinafight.partyendsinafight.Meeklittlewivesfeelthee
4、dgeoftheMeeklittlewivesfeeltheedgeofthecarvingknifeandstudytheirhusbandsneckscarvingknifeandstudytheirhusbandsnecks.Anythingcan.Anythingcanhappen.Locallegendsassociatethehot,drywindswithhappen.Locallegendsassociatethehot,drywindswithhomicideshomicidesandearthquakes,butthesearemyths.(Seenoteandearthq
5、uakes,butthesearemyths.(Seenotebelowregardingnaming.)belowregardingnaming.)n n圣安娜的风圣安娜的风n n命名后，南加利福尼亚的圣塔安那峡命名后，南加利福尼亚的圣塔安那峡谷和夹具当地传说和文学，圣塔安娜谷和夹具当地传说和文学，圣塔安娜是一个风起云涌，干燥和温暖的（通是一个风起云涌，干燥和温暖的（通常是热）风吹出的沙漠。在雷蒙德的常是热）风吹出的沙漠。在雷蒙德的故事红风，标题的一个海上风的许多故事红风，标题的一个海上风的许多的绰号，圣塔安娜被介绍为的绰号，圣塔安娜被介绍为“那些炎那些炎热干燥的热干燥的 风风，来通过山口和
6、卷曲的，来通过山口和卷曲的头发和使你的神经跳和你的皮肤痒。头发和使你的神经跳和你的皮肤痒。夜晚，每一个酒党结束战斗。温顺的夜晚，每一个酒党结束战斗。温顺的小妻子觉得边缘的雕刻刀和研究其丈小妻子觉得边缘的雕刻刀和研究其丈夫的脖子。任何事情都有可能发生。夫的脖子。任何事情都有可能发生。”当地传说副热，干燥的风与杀人和当地传说副热，干燥的风与杀人和地震，但这些神话。（见下面的注释地震，但这些神话。（见下面的注释就命名。）就命名。）n nAnotherpopularmisconceptionthatthewindsarehotowingtotheirdesertAnotherpopularmiscon
7、ceptionthatthewindsarehotowingtotheirdesertorigin.Actually,theSantaAnasdevelopwhenthedesertisrelativelyorigin.Actually,theSantaAnasdevelopwhenthedesertisrelativelycoldcold,and,andarethusmostcommonduringthecoolseasonstretchingfromOctoberthrougharethusmostcommonduringthecoolseasonstretchingfromOctober
8、throughMarch.HighpressurebuildsovertheGreatBasin(e.g.,Nevada)andthecoldairMarch.HighpressurebuildsovertheGreatBasin(e.g.,Nevada)andthecoldairtherebeginstosink.However,thisairisforceddownslopewhichcompressestherebeginstosink.However,thisairisforceddownslopewhichcompressesandwarmsitatarateofabout10Cpe
9、rkilometer(29Fpermile)ofdescent.Asandwarmsitatarateofabout10Cperkilometer(29Fpermile)ofdescent.Asitstemperaturerises,therelativehumiditydrops;theairstartsoutdryandwindsitstemperaturerises,therelativehumiditydrops;theairstartsoutdryandwindsupatsealevelmuchdrierstill.Theairpicksupspeedasitischanneledt
10、hroughupatsealevelmuchdrierstill.Theairpicksupspeedasitischanneledthroughpassesandcanyons.passesandcanyons.n nSantaAnascancauseagreatdealofdamage.Thefast,hotwindscauseSantaAnascancauseagreatdealofdamage.Thefast,hotwindscausevegetationtodryout,increasingthedangerofwildfire.Oncethefiresstart,thevegeta
11、tiontodryout,increasingthedangerofwildfire.Oncethefiresstart,thewindsfantheflamesandhastentheirspread.Thewindscreateturbulenceandwindsfantheflamesandhastentheirspread.Thewindscreateturbulenceandestablishverticalwindshear(inwhichwindsexhibitsubstantialchangeinspeedestablishverticalwindshear(inwhichwi
12、ndsexhibitsubstantialchangeinspeedand/ordirectionwithheight),bothposingaviationhazards.Thewindstendtoand/ordirectionwithheight),bothposingaviationhazards.ThewindstendtomakeforchoppysurfconditionsintheSouthernCaliforniaBight,andoftenmakeforchoppysurfconditionsintheSouthernCaliforniaBight,andoftenbatt
13、erthenorthcoastofSantaCatalinaIsland,includingAvaloncoveandthebatterthenorthcoastofSantaCatalinaIsland,includingAvaloncoveandtheislandsairport.islandsairport.n nThispagedemonstratesthedevelopmentofaSantaAnaeventintheLosThispagedemonstratesthedevelopmentofaSantaAnaeventintheLosAngelesbasin.Thissimula
14、tionwasmadeusingtheAngelesbasin.ThissimulationwasmadeusingtheMM5mesoscalemodelMM5mesoscalemodel usinginitialandboundaryinformationfromtheusinginitialandboundaryinformationfromtheNCEPEta(nowcalledNAM)NCEPEta(nowcalledNAM)modelmodel.Themodel,employingthreenesteddomains,having54,18and6km.Themodel,emplo
15、yingthreenesteddomains,having54,18and6kmresolutions,wasstartedat12Z(4AMPST)onNovember3rd,2002,andresolutions,wasstartedat12Z(4AMPST)onNovember3rd,2002,andintegratedfor54hours.Acompanionpagedescribingthewarmseasonseaandintegratedfor54hours.Acompanionpagedescribingthewarmseasonseaandlandbreezecanbefou
16、ndlandbreezecanbefoundherehere.n nYoumaybeinterestedinmyYoumaybeinterestedinmyTheSantaAnaWindsFAQTheSantaAnaWindsFAQorashortessayonorashortessayonthetheSantaAnaversusSantananamingcontroversySantaAnaversusSantananamingcontroversy(Opensinnew(Opensinnewwindows).windows).n n另一个流行的误解，风都是热由于其沙漠化成因。实际上，另一个
17、流行的误解，风都是热由于其沙漠化成因。实际上，圣阿纳斯发展时，沙漠是比较冷的，因此是最常见的在凉季圣阿纳斯发展时，沙漠是比较冷的，因此是最常见的在凉季从十月到从十月到3 3月。高压力的大盆地（例如，内华达州）和冷空月。高压力的大盆地（例如，内华达州）和冷空气开始下沉。然而，这种空气被迫下坡的压缩和温暖的速度气开始下沉。然而，这种空气被迫下坡的压缩和温暖的速度在约在约1010公里（公里（2929楼每英里）的后裔。随着温度的升高，相楼每英里）的后裔。随着温度的升高，相对湿度下降；空气开始干和风在海平面仍非常干燥。空气回对湿度下降；空气开始干和风在海平面仍非常干燥。空气回升速度因为它是通过传递和峡谷
18、。升速度因为它是通过传递和峡谷。n n圣塔安娜可以造成很大的伤害。快速，热风使植物干枯，增圣塔安娜可以造成很大的伤害。快速，热风使植物干枯，增加危险的野火。一旦火灾开始的，风吹火焰和加速蔓延。风加危险的野火。一旦火灾开始的，风吹火焰和加速蔓延。风产生湍流和建立垂直风切变（其中风出现重大变化的速度和产生湍流和建立垂直风切变（其中风出现重大变化的速度和/或方向高度），两者构成航空灾害。风往往对震荡作出冲或方向高度），两者构成航空灾害。风往往对震荡作出冲浪在南加利福尼亚湾，并经常遭受北海岸的圣卡塔利娜岛，浪在南加利福尼亚湾，并经常遭受北海岸的圣卡塔利娜岛，包括天然海湾，岛上的机场。包括天然海湾，岛上
19、的机场。n n本页演示了开发一个圣安娜事件在洛杉矶盆地。这种模拟是本页演示了开发一个圣安娜事件在洛杉矶盆地。这种模拟是利用中尺度模式使用初始和边界信息从成人埃塔（现在称为利用中尺度模式使用初始和边界信息从成人埃塔（现在称为南）模型。该模型，采用三个嵌套域，有南）模型。该模型，采用三个嵌套域，有5454，1818和和6 6公里的公里的决议，开始在决议，开始在12Z12Z（4 4秒）秒）20022002年年1111月月3 3日，综合了日，综合了5454小时。小时。一个页面描述的温暖季节海陆风的可以在这里找到。一个页面描述的温暖季节海陆风的可以在这里找到。n n你可能有兴趣在我的圣安娜风常见问题或短
20、文你可能有兴趣在我的圣安娜风常见问题或短文“圣安娜圣安娜”与与“桑塔纳桑塔纳”命名的争议（打开新窗口）。命名的争议（打开新窗口）。n nSectionOneTacticsforListeningSectionOneTacticsforListeningn nPart1SpotDictationPart1SpotDictationn nWindandSpiritWindandSpiritn nWedonoticethewindwhenitseems(1)Wedonoticethewindwhenitseems(1)cruelcruel,whenthetreesturn,whenthetreest
21、urnawayfromit,andit(2)awayfromit,andit(2)cutsintocutsintoourhearts.Certainwindswillmakeourhearts.Certainwindswillmakemens(3)mens(3)temperbadtemperbad,saidGeorgeEliot.InSouthernCalifornia,the,saidGeorgeEliot.InSouthernCalifornia,theSantaAnais(4)SantaAnais(4)associatedwithassociatedwithanincreaseindep
22、ressionandanincreaseindepressionanddomestic(5)domestic(5)violenceviolence.n nScientistshavetried(6)Scientistshavetried(6)withoutsuccesswithoutsuccesstoidentifyphysiologicaltoidentifyphysiologicalreasonsforthese(7)reasonsforthese(7)reactionsreactions.Everyoneagrees,however,that(8).Everyoneagrees,howe
23、ver,that(8)drydrywindswindsliketheSantaAna,themistralinFranceandthefoehn*inliketheSantaAna,themistralinFranceandthefoehn*inGermanyandSwitzerlandseemtohave(9)GermanyandSwitzerlandseemtohave(9)negativeeffectsnegativeeffectsonouronourmentalandphysical(10)mentalandphysical(10)negativeeffectsnegativeeffe
24、cts.n nOnwindydays,playgroundfights,(11)Onwindydays,playgroundfights,(11)suicidessuicidesandheartfailuresareandheartfailuresaremore(12)more(12)frequentfrequent.InGeneva,trafficaccidents(13).InGeneva,trafficaccidents(13)increaseincreasewhenawhenawindcalledthebise*blows.Atthe(14)windcalledthebise*blow
25、s.Atthe(14)requestofrequestofpatients,somepatients,someSwissandGermanhospitals(15)SwissandGermanhospitals(15)postponesurgerypostponesurgeryduringthefoehn.duringthefoehn.n nItishumantoaskwhatis(16)Itishumantoaskwhatis(16)behindthewindbehindthewind.ltiseasytopersonify.ltiseasytopersonifythewindasthe(1
26、7)thewindasthe(17)breathofGodbreathofGod.Theactoftakingwindintoour.Theactoftakingwindintoourlungsiswhat(18)lungsiswhat(18)givesuslifegivesuslife.TheJews,Arabs,RomansandGreeks.TheJews,Arabs,RomansandGreeksalltooktheirwordfor(19)alltooktheirwordfor(19)spiritspiritfromthewordforwind.fromthewordforwind.
27、n nButourdaytodaylivesarenolonger(20Butourdaytodaylivesarenolonger(20spiritspiritthewinds.Wedonotthewinds.Wedonotidentifywindwithspiritanymore.identifywindwithspiritanymore.identity1.1.CanyouCanyouidentifyidentifyyourumbrellaamongthislot?yourumbrellaamongthislot?你能在这些伞中认出你自己的伞吗？你能在这些伞中认出你自己的伞吗？2.2.O
28、necannotOnecannotidentifyidentifyhappinesswithwealth.happinesswithwealth.幸福和财富不能混为一谈。幸福和财富不能混为一谈。3.3.SheSheidentifiedidentifiedthatthemanwasherattacker.thatthemanwasherattacker.她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。4.4.IfoundithardtoIfoundithardtoidentifyidentifywithanyofthecharactersinthefilm.withanyofth
29、echaractersinthefilm.我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。5.5.Iidentifiedwiththeheroineofthenovel.Iidentifiedwiththeheroineofthenovel.我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。？n n【词义辨析】【词义辨析】n nidentifyidentify,recognize,makeout,recognize,makeoutl l这些动词均含这些动词均含“认出、识别认出、识别”之意。之意。identify:identify:指辨别、确定人的身份或
30、物品的归属等。指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。recognize:recognize:指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。makeout:makeout:通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。n n【语法用法】【语法用法】n nidentifyidentify作不及物动词时，指心理上的作不及物动词时，指心理上的“认同认同”，例：，例：identifyidentifyoneselfwithoneselfwith（认同于（认同于）；）；n nindentifyindentify在扩展其使用时，还可做反身动词，去表示一种在扩展其使用时
31、，还可做反身动词，去表示一种非常亲密的联系的鉴定，常只适用于一些知名的社团协会非常亲密的联系的鉴定，常只适用于一些知名的社团协会等。等。n n错句举例与错句分析：错句举例与错句分析：l l错句错句:Thepolice:ThepoliceidentifiedidentifiedMary.Mary.l l订正订正:ThepoliceidentifiedherasMary.:ThepoliceidentifiedherasMary.l l翻译翻译:警察认出她是玛丽。警察认出她是玛丽。l l分析分析:identify:identify指指“识别，鉴别识别，鉴别”时，与介词时，与介词asas连用。连用。
32、n ndryout=tobecomecompletelydrydryoff=tocometoanenddryup=tobecomedryonthesurfacePart2ListeningforGistn nAcatgotontoaScandinavianAirlinesplaneinNairobiyesterdayAcatgotontoaScandinavianAirlinesplaneinNairobiyesterdayandcostthecompanyabout10,000.Oneofthe66passengersandcostthecompanyabout10,000.Oneofthe
33、66passengersheardastrangemiaowwhentheplanelandedinCopenhagen.heardastrangemiaowwhentheplanelandedinCopenhagen.MechanicsarrivedimmediatelyandtheairlinecompanyphonedforMechanicsarrivedimmediatelyandtheairlinecompanyphonedforananimalambulance.Themechanicsfoundthecataftereightananimalambulance.Themechan
34、icsfoundthecataftereighthourswork.IthadgotintotheairconditioningsysteminNairobi.hourswork.IthadgotintotheairconditioningsysteminNairobi.TheplanewastwelvehourslateleavingforTokyo,costingtheTheplanewastwelvehourslateleavingforTokyo,costingthecompany10,000.Thecatwasquitewellafteritsexperienceandcompany
35、10,000.Thecatwasquitewellafteritsexperienceandwasgivenalargebowlofmilkandaplateoffish.wasgivenalargebowlofmilkandaplateoffish.n nExerciseExercisen nDirections:Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.Directions:Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.n nThetopicsentenceisThetopicsentenceisAcatgot
36、ontoaScandinavianAirlinesplaneAcatgotontoaScandinavianAirlinesplaneinNairobiyesterdayandcostthecompanyaboutinNairobiyesterdayandcostthecompanyabout.SectionTwoSectionTwoListeningComprehensionListeningComprehensionPart1DialoguePart1Dialogue WhataCoincidence!WhataCoincidence!n n n nStoryteller:Talkingo
37、fcoincidences,didItellyouaboutwhathappenedtomeandJeannielastholiday?Storyteller:Talkingofcoincidences,didItellyouaboutwhathappenedtomeandJeannielastholiday?n nFriend(s):No.Friend(s):No.n nStoryteller:WewentonholidayintheStatesandwewenttoMexico.Well,weweredrivingdowntoMexicoStoryteller:Wewentonholida
38、yintheStatesandwewenttoMexico.Well,weweredrivingdowntoMexicoCity.WeweregoingtospendafewdaysinPalmBeach.seethesea,lookupanoldfriend,youknow.AsweCity.WeweregoingtospendafewdaysinPalmBeach.seethesea,lookupanoldfriend,youknow.Aswelefttherewestoppedatagarageforacarcheck.oil,thewater,thetires,allthat.petr
39、ol.Andthemechanicslefttherewestoppedatagarageforacarcheck.oil,thewater,thetires,allthat.petrol.Andthemechanicsspottedsomething.Theysaidthatourfuelpumpwasnotworkingproperlyanditwasquiteserious.itwouldspottedsomething.Theysaidthatourfuelpumpwasnotworkingproperlyanditwasquiteserious.itwouldcostalotofmo
40、ney.well,wewereveryworried.costalotofmoney.well,wewereveryworried.n nFriend(s):Wereyouinsured?Friend(s):Wereyouinsured?n nStoryteller:Well,no,wewerentandIdidnthavethatmuchmoneyonme,youknow.ItwasmeanttobeaStoryteller:Well,no,wewerentandIdidnthavethatmuchmoneyonme,youknow.Itwasmeanttobeacheapholiday.W
41、ell,justthen,twomendroveupandtheysaidwhatstheproblem?And,doyouknow?Theycheapholiday.Well,justthen,twomendroveupandtheysaidwhatstheproblem?And,doyouknow?Theyweremechanicsitwassuchgoodluck.Theylookedatourcarandtheysaid,Theresnothingwrongwithweremechanicsitwassuchgoodluck.Theylookedatourcarandtheysaid,
42、Theresnothingwrongwithyourcar.Dontspendmoneyonit.Justforgetaboutit.Well,naturally,wewereworried,but.er,Ithought.yourcar.Dontspendmoneyonit.Justforgetaboutit.Well,naturally,wewereworried,but.er,Ithought.Illtrustthem,Ithinktheyreright.So,wedroveon,wecrossedtheMexicanborderandhadamarvelousfewIlltrustth
43、em,Ithinktheyreright.So,wedroveon,wecrossedtheMexicanborderandhadamarvelousfewdayssightseeingthereroundMonterey.dayssightseeingthereroundMonterey.n nFriend(s):Oh,oh,brilliant.jealous.Friend(s):Oh,oh,brilliant.jealous.n nStoryteller:AndthenwewentonandontoMexicoCity.Wedroveaboutfortykilometersandthenw
44、esawaStoryteller:AndthenwewentonandontoMexicoCity.WedroveaboutfortykilometersandthenwesawacarwiththesameUSnumberplatesastheothercarwedseeninPalmBeach.carwiththesameUSnumberplatesastheothercarwedseeninPalmBeach.n nFriend(s):Yourejoking!Friend(s):Yourejoking!n nStoryteller:Itwasparkedbytheroad,andthes
45、ametwomenwhogaveustheadviceaboutourcarwerestuckStoryteller:Itwasparkedbytheroad,andthesametwomenwhogaveustheadviceaboutourcarwerestuckwiththeircar.withtheircar.n nFriend(s):Oh,no!Friend(s):Oh,no!n nStoryteller:So,westoppedandaskedthemwhatwaswrong.Anddoyouknow?TheircarhadbrokendownStoryteller:So,west
46、oppedandaskedthemwhatwaswrong.Anddoyouknow?Theircarhadbrokendownforexactlythesamereason:Thefuelpumpwasntworking!Itwasquiteextraordinary.forexactlythesamereason:Thefuelpumpwasntworking!Itwasquiteextraordinary.n nExerciseExercisen nDirections:Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsar
47、etrue(T)orfalse(F)Directions:Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)n n Part2PassagePart2PassagecorporateCulturecorporateCulturen nWhyshouldjobseekerscareaboutapotentialemployerscorporateculture?ArenttheremoreimportantfactorstoWhyshouldjobseekerscareaboutapotent
48、ialemployerscorporateculture?Arenttheremoreimportantfactorstoconsider,suchasthejobitself,salaryandbonuses,andfringebenefits?Thesefactorsareindeedimportant,butconsider,suchasthejobitself,salaryandbonuses,andfringebenefits?Thesefactorsareindeedimportant,butincreasinglycareerexpertsaretalkingabouttheim
49、portanceofemployeeemployerfitintermsofculture,withtheideaincreasinglycareerexpertsaretalkingabouttheimportanceofemployeeemployerfitintermsofculture,withtheideathathowwelltheemployeefitstheculturecanmakethedifferencebetweenjobsearchsuccessandfailure.thathowwelltheemployeefitstheculturecanmakethediffe
50、rencebetweenjobsearchsuccessandfailure.n nWhatiscorporateculture?Atitsmostbasic,itsdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyashowWhatiscorporateculture?Atitsmostbasic,itsdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyashowthingsaredonearoundhere.Itguideshowemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Corp