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1、Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)(1803-1882)“American Confucius“American Confucius -Abraham Lincoln -Abraham LincolnoLifeLifeoMajor WorksMajor WorksoIdeasIdeasoInfluenceInfluenceRalph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo EmersonEarly Lifeo1803,born in Boston,MAo1811,his father died,“Genteel Pove
2、rtyo1817,Harvard College,Unitarianismo Early Lifeo1821,graduated,taught for young ladieso1825,Harvard Divinity Schoolo1829,minister,The Second Church of BostonFirst Marriageo1829,married,Ellen Louisa Tucker(died of TB two years later)o1832,resigned,sailed for EuropeIn EuropeThomas CarlyleWilliam Wor
3、dsworthSamuel Taylor ColeridgeEuropean Romanticism LectureroNov.1833,back,career as a lectureroTranscendentalists Club oTranscendentalist journal The Dial Second Marriageo1835,married Lydia Jacksono1836,Nature Emerson and Lydia with children and grandchildrenLate Life&Deatho1860s,upset,Civil Waro187
4、2,lost memory,aphasia 失语症o April 27th,1882,diedoNature“The Manifesto of American Transcendentalism“The Bible of New England TranscendentalismWorksoThe American Scholaro“Declaration of Intellectual IndependenceoA declaration of cultural independence for the USWorkso“Self-RelianceoAn essay that urges
5、readers to trust their own intuition and common sense rather than automatically following popular opinion and conforming to the will of the majority.WorksIdeaso“Oversoul othe soul can completely transcend the limits of individuality and become part of the Oversoul o spirit is everywhere:in the soul
6、of man,in nature o“the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul IdeasoIndividualism o not the crowd is the most important all,but the infinitude of mano“Trust thyselfo“Make thyself IdeasoNature is emblematic of Godo“nature is the vehicle of thought o“nature is the symbol of spirit Weaknessonever
7、systematic philosophy odenial the reality of evilodenial of its real spiritual origin InfluenceoThoreau,Whitman,Dickinson-indebted oHawthorne and Melville-against his optimism,benefited from his ideas oHis call for an independent culture played a very important part in the intellectual history of th
8、e nation.o “Our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close.The millions that around us are rushing into life cannot always be fed on the sere remains of foreign harvests.“The Father of American Civilization-Abraham Lincoln Happiness is a perfume you cannot pour on others without getting a few drops on yourself -Emerson 幸福是香水幸福是香水,你洒在别人身上时你洒在别人身上时,自己也会沾上一两滴自己也会沾上一两滴.-爱默生爱默生