crime victims an introduction to victimologysixth edition.ppt
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1、Crime Victims:An Introduction to VictimologySixth EditionBy Andrew KarmenChapter One:What is Victimology?1 1VICTIMOLOGY“Scientific study of physical,emotional,and financial harm people suffer because of illegal activities.”Included in this definition is the victimization Included in this definition
2、is the victimization occurring for victims within the criminal justice occurring for victims within the criminal justice system.system.2 2Victimization“Is an asymmetrical interpersonal relationship that is abusive,painful,destructive,parasitical,and unfair.”Law forbids certain forms of victimization
3、oppressive and exploitative actsbut not ALL types of harmful activities.3 3VICTIMOLOGYVictimsVictimsIndividuals who experience loss,injury,Individuals who experience loss,injury,or hardship for any reasonor hardship for any reasonCrime VictimsCrime VictimsAbove as result of an illegal actAbove as re
4、sult of an illegal actDirect/PrimaryDirect/PrimaryExperiences criminal act and its Experiences criminal act and its consequences first handconsequences first handIndirect/SecondaryIndirect/SecondaryFamily and those who suffer Family and those who suffer emotionally or financially but are not immedia
5、tely emotionally or financially but are not immediately involved or physically injuredinvolved or physically injured4 4Studying of Victimization ScientificallySubjective ApproachIssues are approached from standpoint of Issues are approached from standpoint of morality,ethics,philosophy,personalized
6、morality,ethics,philosophy,personalized reactions,and emotionsreactions,and emotionsObjective ApproachRequires observer to be fair,open-minded,Requires observer to be fair,open-minded,even-handed,dispassionate,neutral,and even-handed,dispassionate,neutral,and unbiasedunbiased5 5Studying of Victimiza
7、tion ScientificallyWhy should victimologists NOT be pro-victim?“Ideal Victim”:person who suffered harm was weaker than aggressor,acting virtuously or not looking for trouble or breaking any laws,and wrongdoer was a stranger acting illegally and was unprovoked6 6Victims or Offenders?Who is the victim
8、 and who is the offender?Not always clear cutconsider the following:Subway VigilanteSubway VigilanteMenendez BrothersMenendez BrothersBobicksBobicks7 7Criminals as VictimsPredatory persons prey on each otherOrganized crime“takes out a contract”“Drive-by”shooting between two gangs“Drug deal gone bad”
9、8 8Cycle of ViolenceCycle of violence over time can transform a victim(s)into victimizer(s)Group of picked on students may gang up Group of picked on students may gang up against the bullyagainst the bullyBattered wife may launch a vengeful attack Battered wife may launch a vengeful attack against h
10、usbandagainst husbandConvicts much more likely to have been abused Convicts much more likely to have been abused physically or sexually as childrenphysically or sexually as childrenViolence Begets Violence9 9Victims vs.“Good Guys”Victimologists do not limit their studies to clashes Victimologists do
11、 not limit their studies to clashes between victims and offendersbetween victims and offendersThey also consider the social reaction to They also consider the social reaction to victimizationvictimizationVictims outraged by media coverageVictims outraged by media coveragesensationalismsensationalism
12、Investigation of charges in high profile cases Investigation of charges in high profile cases require victimologists to be detached and require victimologists to be detached and disinterested in carrying out analysisdisinterested in carrying out analysis1010Victimologys Undeserved“Bad Reputation”Vic
13、timology during the 90s and into the twentieth century has become to many a“dirty word.”(Paglia,1993)A critic of contemporary feminism declared on national TV,“I hate victimology.I despise a victim-centered view of the universe”1111Victimologys Undeserved“Bad Reputation”(Leo,1994)a news magazine com
14、mentator(Leo,1994)a news magazine commentator complained,“We are deep into the era of the complained,“We are deep into the era of the abuse excuse.The doctrine of victimologyabuse excuse.The doctrine of victimologyclaiming victim status means you are not claiming victim status means you are not resp
15、onsible for your actionsis beginning to warp responsible for your actionsis beginning to warp the legal system.”the legal system.”An author of a book about race relations called a An author of a book about race relations called a well-known preacher who is a civil rights activist a well-known preach
16、er who is a civil rights activist a“professional Victimologist.”(Dreher,2001)“professional Victimologist.”(Dreher,2001)1212Victimologys Undeserved“Bad Reputation”(Harrop,2003)A review of a book noted,“The art of victimology requires three easy steps:(1)Identify a group suffering from real or perceiv
17、ed injustices(2)Exaggerate the problem(3)Blame the problem on a group you dont like.Conservatives have long condemned the victimology industry as a racket,especially when practiced by women and minorities.”1313Victimologys Undeserved“Bad Reputation”Victimology is a new academic discipline that only
18、Victimology is a new academic discipline that only means“the study of”victimsmeans“the study of”victimsIt is focused on the research about people harmed It is focused on the research about people harmed by criminalsby criminalsIt does not impose a partisan point of view or a set It does not impose a
19、 partisan point of view or a set or predictably biased conclusionsor predictably biased conclusionsThe ideology of“victimism”is a coherent,The ideology of“victimism”is a coherent,integrated set of beliefs that shapes interpretations integrated set of beliefs that shapes interpretations and leads to
20、political actionand leads to political actionDo not confuse“victimism”with“victimology”Do not confuse“victimism”with“victimology”1414Victimologys Undeserved“Bad Reputation”Victimological research must tell the whole truth regardless of who is disappointed or insultedThree types of biases undermine t
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