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1、1improvement n改进；改善改进；改善I have been mayor for three years，and I have made many improvements for the people of the city.(P33)我当市长三年了，使这个市市民的生活大有改善。我当市长三年了，使这个市市民的生活大有改善。要点讲解要点讲解Your work shows considerable improvement.你的工作显示出相当大的改进。你的工作显示出相当大的改进。The new factory brought a huge improvement in working c
2、onditions.新工厂在工作条件上有了很大的提高。新工厂在工作条件上有了很大的提高。be an improvement on/upon/upon/over 比比好；比好；比有有改进改进make an improvement 改进改进improve v改进；提高改进；提高improve on/upon 改进；做得比改进；做得比更好更好improve in 在在方面有改进方面有改进These results are a distinct improvement on last years.这些结果跟去年的相比有明显的提高。这些结果跟去年的相比有明显的提高。He made a steady im
3、provement and was released within 10 days of admission.他的病情稳步好转，入院后不到他的病情稳步好转，入院后不到10 天就获准出院了。天就获准出院了。【教师备课资源教师备课资源】an improvement in 在在方面的提高方面的提高an improvement to 对对的改进的改进an area for/of improvement 需要改进之处需要改进之处improve away 通过改良而去除通过改良而去除improve oneself in English 提高自己的英语水平提高自己的英语水平2 He spent much o
4、f his childhood with his grandfather and father，who were both engineers.(P34)他他的的童童年年时时代代的的大大多多数数时时光光是是和和爷爷爷爷和和父父亲亲一一起起度度过过的，他们俩都是工程师。的，他们俩都是工程师。who引引 导导 非非 限限 制制 性性 定定 语语 从从 句句，修修 饰饰 先先 行行 词词 his grandfather and father。非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句仅仅对对所所修修饰饰的的先先行行词词或或整整个个主主句句作作补补充充说说明明。若若省省略略掉掉从从句句，句句子子意意思思完完整整
5、、明明确确，与与先先行行词词或或主主句句之之间间用用逗逗号号隔隔开开。在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中指指代代“物物”时时要要用用which作作关关系系代代词词；指指代代全全句句时时，用用which或或as；指代人时用；指代人时用who，非限制性定语从句不可用，非限制性定语从句不可用that。They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honour to them.他们被请去赴国宴，这对他们来说是极大的荣耀。他们被请去赴国宴，这对他们来说是极大的荣耀。Li Ming is late，as is often the c
6、ase.李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的几点区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的几点区别区别一：形式不同区别一：形式不同限限定定性性定定语语从从句句主主句句和和从从句句之之间间不不用用逗逗号号隔隔开开；而而非非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。区别二：功能不同区别二：功能不同限限定定性性定定语语从从句句用用于于对对先先行行词词的的意意义义进进行行修修饰饰、限限制制和和识识别别，如如果果去去掉掉，就就会会造造成成句句意意不不完完整整或或概概念念不不清清；而而非非限限定定性性定定语语从从句
7、句用用于于对对先先行行词词起起补补充充说说明明作作用用，如如果果省省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。略，句意仍然清楚、完整。区别三：含义不同区别三：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的姐姐。我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个姐姐不止一个)I have a sister，who is a doctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐只有一个姐姐)区别四：先行词不同区别四：先行词不同限限定定性性定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词只只能能是是名名词词或或代代词词，而而非非限限定
8、定性性定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词则则可可以以是是名名词词或或代代词词，也也可可以以是是短短语或句子。语或句子。People who take physical exercise live longer.进进行行体体育育锻锻炼炼的的人人活活得得长长些些。(若若把把从从句句去去掉掉句句子子就就失去意义失去意义)His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week.他他女女儿儿现现在在在在波波士士顿顿，下下星星期期回回来来。(若若把把从从句句去去掉掉句子意义仍然完整句子意义仍然完整)He changed his mind，whic
9、h made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句指整个主句)【教师备课资源教师备课资源】as与与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别两者之间的区别在于：两者之间的区别在于：1which 引引导导的的定定语语从从句句只只能能位位于于主主句句后后，但但as引引导导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。的从句可位于主句前、中、后。2as在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语时时，从从句句谓谓语语通通常常要要有有be或别的系动词，但或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。不受此限制。3as 引引导导的的定定语语从从句句
10、只只表表示示一一个个众众所所周周知知或或意意料料之之中的事，但中的事，但 which 不受此限制。不受此限制。4as有有“正正如如”之之意意，而而which则则意意为为“这这(件件事事，一一点点)”，可用，可用and this/that/that/it来代替。来代替。5as多多用用于于固固定定搭搭配配中中：as is often the case(这这是是常常有有的的事事)，as was expected(不不出出所所料料)，as often happens(正正如如经经常常发发生生的的那那样样)，as is known to all(众众所所周周知知)，as has been said be
11、fore(如如上上所所述述)，as is mentioned above(正正如如上上面所提到的面所提到的)等。等。【对接高考对接高考】(2013江江苏苏高高考考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen【解解析析】句句意意：世世界界银银行行行行长长说说，他他热热爱爱中中国国，这这种种热热爱爱他他记记得得早早在在童童年年时时就就开开始始了了。通通过过分分析析句句子子
12、结结构构可可知知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China为为 主主 句句，通通 过过 还还 原原 法法 可可 知知 定定 语语 从从 句句 是是 he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，从从句句中中his passion starting为为动动名名词词复复合合结结构构。his passion用用which替替代代。when和和where虽虽然然可可以以引引导导定定语语从从句句，但但是是它它们们在在定定语语从
13、从句句中中是是分分别别用用来来作作时时间间状状语语和和地地点点状状语语的的，不不能能指指代代passion；what不不能能用用来来引引导导定定语语从从句句，故排除。故排除。【答案答案】B3resign v辞职，把辞职，把托交托交(给给)；委托；委托In 1961，Sinclair resigned from his job and founded his own company，producing pocketsized radios.(P34)在在1961年年，辛辛科科莱莱辞辞职职并并成成立立了了自自己己的的公公司司，生生产产袖袖珍收音机。珍收音机。Mander resigned from
14、 office.曼德辞职了。曼德辞职了。He was forced to resign due to ill health.他因健康原因被迫辞职。他因健康原因被迫辞职。resign from从从辞职辞职resign as辞去辞去职位职位resign.to.把把托付给托付给resign oneself to 听任听任(某种影响某种影响)；只好；只好(做某事做某事)He resigned as chairman.他辞去了主席一职。他辞去了主席一职。I resign my children to your care.我把孩子们委托你来照顾。我把孩子们委托你来照顾。I resigned myself
15、to a long wait in line.我顺从地在长队中等候。我顺从地在长队中等候。【教师备课资源教师备课资源】resignation n辞职；辞职书辞职；辞职书accept sb.s resignation准予辞职准予辞职give in/hand in ones resignation提提交交辞辞职职书书；递递交交辞辞呈呈meet ones fate with resignation听天由命听天由命4However，the man providing the money to start the company pulled out of the project at the last
16、 minute，and Sinclair had to get a job as a technical editor to support himself.(P34)然然而而，出出钱钱创创办办公公司司的的人人在在最最后后一一刻刻撤撤资资，辛辛科科莱莱不不得不找了一份技术编辑的工作来养活自己。得不找了一份技术编辑的工作来养活自己。(1)pull out退出；脱离退出；脱离Jim saw that the firm was going to be ruined，so he pulled out.吉姆看到公司即将垮台，于是就退了出来。吉姆看到公司即将垮台，于是就退了出来。The general p
17、ulled his troops out of the area.将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。pull in(车车)进站；停站；进站；停站；(船船)靠岸靠岸pull through脱离危险期；恢复健康脱离危险期；恢复健康pull on(用拉的方式用拉的方式)穿上穿上(衣服、袜子等衣服、袜子等)；戴上；戴上pull off脱下；取下脱下；取下The ship pulled in to the shore at midnight.那船半夜时靠岸。那船半夜时靠岸。She pulled off her raincoat before entering the r
18、oom.她进屋前先脱掉雨衣。她进屋前先脱掉雨衣。(2)the last minute(重重大大事事情情发发生生前前的的)最最后后一一刻刻，紧紧要关头要关头He cancelled his booking at the last minute.他在最后一刻取消了预定。他在最后一刻取消了预定。I dont think they are going to pull out of the deal at the last minute.我认为他们不会在最后一分钟退出这笔交易。我认为他们不会在最后一分钟退出这笔交易。at the last minute/moment在最后一刻；在紧要关头；在最后一刻；在
19、紧要关头；在危急时刻在危急时刻in a minute 马上；立刻；不久马上；立刻；不久to the minute 准时；一分不差；恰好准时；一分不差；恰好up to the minute 最新最新(式式)的的the minute(that)一一(就就)；当；当(即即)He caught his train at the last moment.他在最后一刻赶上了火车。他在最后一刻赶上了火车。Dinner will be ready in a minute.饭马上就要好了。饭马上就要好了。5When his company finally began production and put out
20、 advertisements for his radio，demand was high and the business simply took off.(P34)当当他他的的公公司司最最终终开开始始生生产产，并并贴贴出出收收音音机机广广告告时时，需需求巨大，生意快速取得了成功。求巨大，生意快速取得了成功。(1)put out公布；广播；出版；伸手；熄灭公布；广播；出版；伸手；熄灭This magazine is put out every Friday.这份杂志每星期五出版。这份杂志每星期五出版。She put out all the lights before going to bed
21、.她在睡觉前关掉全部的灯。她在睡觉前关掉全部的灯。put away把把收起来，存钱收起来，存钱put down写下，扑灭，镇压写下，扑灭，镇压put together 组装；汇集组装；汇集put up张贴，建立，提高张贴，建立，提高put off 推迟；拖延推迟；拖延She washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来。她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来。They decided to put the meeting off until after Christmas.他们决定把会议推迟到圣诞节以后。他们决定把会议推迟到圣诞节以后。【教师备课资源教
22、师备课资源】put aside暂不考虑；把暂不考虑；把放在一边；储蓄放在一边；储蓄put back把把放回原处放回原处put in插嘴，安装，提出要求插嘴，安装，提出要求put together组合，整理组合，整理put up with忍受，容忍忍受，容忍take on承担；呈现；雇用承担；呈现；雇用take over接管；接任接管；接任take up拿起；开始从事；占用拿起；开始从事；占用take in领会；吸收领会；吸收take apart 拆开拆开He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。他一向乐于挑重担。
23、I wont take up much of your time.我不会占用你很多时间。我不会占用你很多时间。【对接高考对接高考】(2013辽辽宁宁高高考考)Briggs will as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out【解解析析】get away意意为为“走走开开；逃逃脱脱惩惩罚罚”；take over意意为为“接接管管；接接任任”；set off意意为为“出出发发；动动身身”；run out意意为为“用用完完；耗耗尽尽”。根根据据retires(退退休休)可可得得知知答答案
24、案。句句意意：当当Mitchell退退休休时时，Briggs将将会会接接任任总总经经理理的的职职务。务。【答案答案】B6In addition to his pocketsized radio，Sinclair produced the worlds first pocket calculator in 1972，the first digital watch in 1976，and the first pocket TV the following year.(P34)除除生生产产了了袖袖珍珍式式收收音音机机外外，辛辛科科莱莱在在1972年年生生产产了了世世界界上上最最早早的的袖袖珍珍计计算
25、算器器，在在1976年年生生产产了了最最早早的的数数字字手手表表随后生产了最早的便携式电视机。随后生产了最早的便携式电视机。(1)in addition to除除之外；另外；加之之外；另外；加之In addition to giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience.课课程程除除了了介介绍绍一一般般电电脑脑知知识识外外，还还提提供供实实际际操操作作的的机机会。会。in addition 加上；又；另外加上；又；另外with the addition of 外加外加
26、an addition to 对对的增加的增加do addition 做加法做加法In addition，we buy you a medical insurance.除此而外，我们给你买医疗保险。除此而外，我们给你买医疗保险。Theyve just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。他们家里刚刚添了一口人。(2)calculator n计算器计算器The calculator was damaged accidentally，and we needed to buy a new one.这个计算器意外被弄坏了，我们需要买一个新的。这个计算器意
27、外被弄坏了，我们需要买一个新的。calculate vt.计算，估计；计划；打算；以为计算，估计；计划；打算；以为calculated adj.故意的，蓄意的，有计划的故意的，蓄意的，有计划的calculation n计算；推断；预测；估计计算；推断；预测；估计be calculated for 为适合为适合而设计的；适合于而设计的；适合于be calculated to do.目的在于；打算；蓄意目的在于；打算；蓄意Oil prices are calculated in dollars.油价以美元计算。油价以美元计算。This advertisement is calculated to
28、attract the attention of housewives.这份广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。这份广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。7His next computer，the ZX81，was an even bigger hit，and his companys receipts grew by 600%over the previous year.(P34)他他的的下下一一台台电电脑脑ZX81更更加加热热销销，他他的的公公司司收收入入比比前前一年增长了一年增长了600%。(1)hit n红极一时的人或物；成功而风行一时的事物红极一时的人或物；成功而风行一时的事物T
29、he show has been a big hit.演出风靡一时。演出风靡一时。The song was a hit at once and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the bestseller list.这首歌曲立刻风靡一时，它的录音带跃登畅销带榜首。这首歌曲立刻风靡一时，它的录音带跃登畅销带榜首。a big hit很大的成功很大的成功a big hit with受受欢迎欢迎make a hit(with sb.)大获成功；很受大获成功；很受(某人某人)欢迎欢迎The series has been a big hit with childre
30、n.这一系列很受儿童的欢迎。这一系列很受儿童的欢迎。The new film is making a great hit with the public.这部新影片大受公众欢迎。这部新影片大受公众欢迎。【教师备课资源教师备课资源】hit n一击，击中一击，击中v.打，打击；碰撞；伤害打，打击；碰撞；伤害hit it 猜中；说对了猜中；说对了hit on 偶然碰上；偶然找到；偶然想起偶然碰上；偶然找到；偶然想起(2)receipt n收收到到的的款款项项(常常用用复复数数形形式式)；收收据据；接接受；收到受；收到Could I have a receipt for that please？可以给
31、我开个收据吗？可以给我开个收据吗？Do you have the receipts for your trip？你有这次旅行的开销收据吗？你有这次旅行的开销收据吗？acknowledge the receipt of 确认收到确认收到on receipt of 收到，接收收到，接收ask for a receipt 要一张发票要一张发票expenses and receipts 支出和收入支出和收入I would be grateful if you would acknowledge the receipt of this letter.如您能告知收到此信我将十分感谢。如您能告知收到此信我将
32、十分感谢。The goods will be sent on receipt of your cheque.收到支票后会立即发货。收到支票后会立即发货。【提提示示】receipt表表示示“收收入入”时时，结结尾尾的的s不不能能省省略。略。你在付钱的时候，向店里要一张收据吧。你在付钱的时候，向店里要一张收据吧。Ask the shop when you pay the bill.【答答案案】on receipt ofreceipts fromfor a receiptridiculously adv.荒唐地，可笑地荒唐地，可笑地a ridiculous suggestion 可笑的意见可笑的意见
33、Its ridiculous to do.是可笑的是可笑的Its ridiculous that.是可笑的是可笑的It is ridiculous to dispute about such things.争论这样的事情是可笑的。争论这样的事情是可笑的。Its ridiculous that we should have to queue，when we have already got our tickets.我们已经拿到了票，居然还要排队，未免可笑。我们已经拿到了票，居然还要排队，未免可笑。多么荒唐的建议！多么荒唐的建议！What ！【答答案案】the most ridiculous th
34、ing Its ridiculous that It is ridiculous to predict a ridiculous suggestion9By the end of the 1980s，Sinclair had tired of his various businesses，and was throwing himself into British Mensa，a club for clever people.(P35)到到20世世纪纪80年年代代末末，辛辛科科莱莱对对他他的的各各项项生生意意已已感感到到厌厌倦，而将精力投入到针对高智商人士的英国门萨俱乐部。倦，而将精力投入到针对
35、高智商人士的英国门萨俱乐部。(1)by the end of到到为止；在为止；在末之前末之前He had finished his great works by the end of 1980.到到1980年底，他已完成了他的巨著。年底，他已完成了他的巨著。by the end of 是是“到到为止；在为止；在末之前末之前”的意的意思，后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用法。思，后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用法。跟将来的时间，就用将来完成时。跟将来的时间，就用将来完成时。跟过去的时间，用过去完成时。跟过去的时间，用过去完成时。By the end of next month，I will h
36、ave finished reading this book.到下个月末，我将读完这本书。到下个月末，我将读完这本书。By the end of last month，I had planted thousands of trees.到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。(2)tire of对对感到厌倦感到厌倦Sooner or later he will tire of politics.迟早他会厌倦政治的。迟早他会厌倦政治的。She soon tired of the beach and went for a walk.她很快对海滩腻烦了，便去散步。她很快对海
37、滩腻烦了，便去散步。tire sb.out 使某人感到筋疲力尽使某人感到筋疲力尽be/get tired of厌烦厌烦be tired with/from因因而疲倦而疲倦be tired out累坏了累坏了The long walk had really tired me out.长途步行实在使我筋疲力尽了。长途步行实在使我筋疲力尽了。You never get tired of reading this book.这部书百读不厌。这部书百读不厌。【教师备课资源教师备课资源】tire v(使使)疲劳，疲倦疲劳，疲倦tiring adj.令人疲劳的，累人的令人疲劳的，累人的tired adj.疲
38、倦的，厌烦的疲倦的，厌烦的(3)throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事投身于；积极从事He said he was ready to throw himself into a game.他说他已经准备好投入比赛了。他说他已经准备好投入比赛了。Our teachers throw themselves into their work of bringing up a new generation.我们的老师为培养新一代而呕心沥血。我们的老师为培养新一代而呕心沥血。throw away 扔掉；抛弃；浪费扔掉；抛弃；浪费(金钱、时间等金钱、时间等)throw oneself at 猛
39、然扑向；拼命讨好猛然扑向；拼命讨好；向；向献献媚媚throw oneself on 依靠；依赖；听命于依靠；依赖；听命于throw up呕吐；辞呕吐；辞(职职)；放弃；放弃She throws herself at any man who will look at her.任何一个男人瞅她一眼，她都会向他献媚。任何一个男人瞅她一眼，她都会向他献媚。You can never throw yourself on that fellow.你决不能依赖那家伙。你决不能依赖那家伙。10fold up 折叠；对折；折叠；对折；(因痛苦因痛苦)不能支撑不能支撑His latest product is a
40、 bicycle that can be folded up small enough to fit into a bag.(P35)他他的的最最新新产产品品是是可可以以折折叠叠起起来来的的自自行行车车，折折叠叠后后小小到到足以放入一个袋子里。足以放入一个袋子里。She folded up some shirts.她把一些衬衫折叠起来。她把一些衬衫折叠起来。The pain in her stomach was so sharp that she folded up.她的胃疼得非常厉害，已经支持不住了。她的胃疼得非常厉害，已经支持不住了。fold in half/two 对折；一折为二对折；一
41、折为二fold into 折成；折成；(烹饪时烹饪时)把把调拌入调拌入fold down/back(把书页把书页)折过来；折进去；向后折叠折过来；折进去；向后折叠fold ones arms 交臂交臂(常指袖手旁观常指袖手旁观)She folded the piece of paper in half.她把纸对折起来。她把纸对折起来。She folded the clothes into a neat bag.她将衣服折叠成整齐的一包。她将衣服折叠成整齐的一包。11will n意志，毅力；心愿；遗嘱意志，毅力；心愿；遗嘱Sinclair has been successful because
42、he possesses both the intelligence and a firm will to succeed.(P35)辛科莱能够成功是因为他同时拥有成功的智慧和决心。辛科莱能够成功是因为他同时拥有成功的智慧和决心。Will can conquer habit.意志能战胜习惯。意志能战胜习惯。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。a strong/firm will 坚强的意志坚强的意志obey ones will 遵从某人的意志遵从某人的意志go against ones will 违背某人的意愿违背某人的意愿at will 随心所欲地随心所欲地in a/the will 在遗嘱里在遗嘱里Shes got a very strong will.她具有非常坚强的意志。她具有非常坚强的意志。They were taught to obey their fathers will without question.他们被教导要完全遵从父亲的意志，不得有任何质疑。他们被教导要完全遵从父亲的意志，不得有任何质疑。她遗嘱给我留下一些钱。她遗嘱给我留下一些钱。She left me some money .【答案答案】go against his willat willin her will Thanks