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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上A组20162014年各省市高考题（改编）Passage 1(2016全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes (密码)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands
2、 of years._1_ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”_3_You
3、might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you m
4、ust have a code book._4_ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” _5_However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without t
5、he code book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book, you might w
6、rite down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.Passage 2(2016全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, wh
7、ere the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？_1_But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._2_Some people may think that a
8、garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)_3_However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years
9、.Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important._4_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, st
10、art by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._5_Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so
11、many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you havePassage 3(2016全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows tha
12、t fish is good for health._1_But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult._2_This text is about how to buy and cook fi
13、sh in an easy way._3_Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh._4_When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fis
14、h should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish._5_First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs
15、about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve.ADo not buy it.BThe easiest is to steam it.CThis is how you can do it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.EThe fish will go bad within hours.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.GThe fats in fish are thought to help p
16、revent heart disease.Passage 4(2016北京)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Science of RiskSeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking._1_ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise an
17、d scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risktakers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring._2_ As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next，hum
18、ans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risktaking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stayinthecave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character
19、types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it._3_No matter where you are on the riskseeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years._4_ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New
20、experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well._5_ For the riskseekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risksee
21、king，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.AIt all depends on your character.BThose are the risks you should jump to take.CBeing better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.DThus，these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.EThi
22、s is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.FHowever，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.Passage 5(2016四川)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中
23、有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._1_In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and wo
24、men._2_Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._3_They help the body defend itsel
25、f against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men._4_Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.Some thi
26、nk that a womans body cells have a tendency (倾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly._5_AHowever, women, on average, live longer.BThe biological factor plays an important part.CWomen are also helped by their female genes.DThe female
27、hormones also protect the body in another way.ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.FTherefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.Passage 6(2016浙江)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选
28、项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AGet involved in student activitiesBYour voice is actually super importantCThere is a significant increase of opportunitiesDStay in active communication with your friendsEGet smart about the people who you spend your time withFYour major does not matter as much in your fi
29、rst year of collegeFive Things Nobody Told Me about CollegeAs I type this，I am in my university dorm room.A year ago，when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications，I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.However，theres only so much tha
30、t prep books，websites，and older friends can teach.Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college：1_Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.If they tell you otherwise，theyre lying and will probably change what they want to pursue within the first quarter of attendan
31、ce.During my first quarter at University of California，Riverside (UCR)，I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs，so thats what I applied for.However，once I worked with statewide and local government，I realized that a better fit for me would be Public
32、Policy，and now I am in the process of changing my area.2_In college，there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.However，there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something.In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences，rese
33、arches，internships(实习)，and fellowships that your university offers，apply! Step into your academic advisors office，introduce yourself，and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone，
34、and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.3_College is where you meet your bridesmaids，groomsmen，neighbors，and potential bosses.The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later，so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.You
35、are only one person，and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are，and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that de
36、scription.4_As a firstyear，I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President.During my first quarter，I spoke direct
37、ly to the Chancellor(校长)，asking him for support towards my initiatives(提议)，met with the Vice Chancellors，and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project.Nothing good will happen when you are silent.5_At my high school，there were about only four active clubs and
38、organizations that students could be a part of.Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus，where over 400 organizations exist，ranging from political organizations to karate club.You are not paying all of your tuition(学费)to merely go to class，study，pass tests and graduate.Make something
39、worthy out of your experience.Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day.It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization.Passage 7 (2015新课标全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain fro
40、m past experiences._1_ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or c
41、heated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._2_ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there._3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices beca
42、use you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. _4_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt
43、lose “everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._5_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiven
44、ess.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future re
45、lationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.Passage 8 (2015新课标全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running
46、 shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_.As always，you should stretc
47、h(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_.After two weeks，start timing yo
48、urself._5_.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving d