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1、-.z.上海版牛津英语 S1A 第一章 词语学习 well-dressed adj.穿着考究的 adv.-pp.(副词加过去分词)构成的复合形容词，在 a well-dressed lady 中作定语修饰 lady。类似的复合形容词还有：a well-known fact 众所周知的事实 a newly-born baby 新生儿 hard-earned money 挣来不易的钱 a well-paid job 高收入的职业glance at扫视，一瞥，打量，匆匆一看 例如：He glanced at the directions about the computer and began to
2、 play it.他扫视了一下电脑的说明书就开始玩了起来。（vi.）相似的词组有：look at 看 stare at 盯着看 glare/gle/at 瞪着眼看 glance 也做名词，例如：He is always so busy that he just takes a glance at the newspaper headlines.他一直很忙，总是匆匆一瞥报纸的大标题。相关词组有：give a glance at;take a glance at;throw a glance at 朝看一眼 at first glance 乍一看 例如：At first glance she se
3、emed beautiful.sigh v.&n.叹气，叹息 常用词组：(v.)sigh deeply;sigh heavily 深深地叹息 sigh with despair 绝望地叹气 (n.)breathe a sigh of relief;give a sigh of belief;let out a sigh of belief 都表示“松了一口气”senior adj.年长的，级别高的 例如：a senior employee 年长的雇员 a very senior cadre 级别很高的干部 senior middle school 高级中学 senior position 高级
4、职位 反义词：junior 初级的 junior middle school 初级中学 a junior doctor 初级医生 be 句型：be senior to sb.比级别高 be junior to sb.比级别低 prefer v./prif:(r)/(preferred,preferred)更喜欢 句型：prefer A to B 更喜欢 A 而不是 B,比 B 更喜欢 Aprefer to do sth.更喜欢做 prefer doing sth.更喜欢做*事 prefer to do A rather than do B 比做 B 更喜欢做 A prefer doing A
5、to doing B 比做 B 更喜欢做 A the way的方式 后面可以有三种形式来引导其定语从句。例如：1.Thats the way he spoke.那是他过去说话的方式。（直接跟主谓结构的定语从句）2.Thats the way he did it.那是他做此事的方式。（跟用 that 引导的定语从句）3.Thats the way in which you answered the question.那是你回答问题的方式。（用介词+引导词引导的定语从句）reston/against 把依靠在 例如：He rested his head on the dictionary.他把头靠
6、在字典上。remark v.谈及，评论，注意 例如：He remarked,“This is a e*cellent composition.”他评论说：“这是一篇好文章。”remark on;remark upon 评论，谈论到 例如：How will you remark on my new coat 你对我的新外套将如何评价.(n.)注意，观察，批评，备注 He made a good remark about your show.他对你们的表演作了好评。impression n.印象 impress v.给留下印象 impressive adj.令人难忘的 例如：He made a g
7、ood impression on all the classmates in the English lecture.在英语演讲中他给全班同学留下了很好的印象。impress vt.He impressed her with his sincerity.=His sincerity impressed her.他的真诚打动了她。impressive adj.She was very impressive in the interview.她在面试中表现得十分出色。remind vt.提醒 句型：remind sb.remind sb.about sth.remind sb.to do sth
8、.remind sb.of sth remind sb.that(宾语从句)例如：He reminded me that I would have an appointment with the guest.他提醒我记住与客人的约定。The beautiful song reminded me of my childhood.拿手美妙的歌曲让我想起了童年。-.z.基本词组：1.give sb.advice on sth.给*人提建议 2.college students 大学生 3.in a school newspaper 在校报上 4.part-time jobs 兼职工作 full-ti
9、me jobs 全职工作 5.travel agency 旅行社 6.more than 不仅仅是 7.the e*pression on your face 你脸上的表 8.look downwards 向下看 9.feel welcome 受到欢迎 10.go to sb.for assistance 向*人寻求帮助 11.without hesitation 毫不犹豫 municate with body language 用肢体语言交流 communicate new ideas to sb 向*人传递新思想 communications satellite 通讯卫星 Bank of
10、Communications 交通银行 13.specific time 特定时间 14.play a musical instrument 演奏乐器 15.play the violin 拉小提琴 16.be in hospital 住院 17.accept an invitation 接受邀请 18.badminton match 羽毛球比赛 19.best regards 良好的祝愿 20.on a website 在网站上 21.throughout the history of mankind 纵观人类历史 22.in many situations 在许多场合下 23.the ke
11、y to communication 交流的关键 24.in Western cultures 在西方文化中 25.maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流 26.as a matter of fact 实际上 27.show respect to 尊敬 have respect for 尊敬 in many respects 在许多方面 respectable teacher 受人尊敬的老师 be respectful to sb.对*人彬彬有礼 28.someone in authority 掌权的人 当权者 29.skim the passage 浏览段落 skim thr
12、ough(over)the newspaper 浏览报纸 30.glance at us 扫视我们 31.sigh with relief 宽慰的叹了口气 sign deeply 深深地叹息 32.recover from ones illness 从疾病中恢复 33.fa*machine 传真机 34.live in the suburbs 住在郊区 live in downtown areas 住在市区 35.prepare the table 摆桌子 36.meet sb.by chance 偶然见到*人 37.maintain good discipline 维持良好纪律 38.con
13、sider doing 考虑做*事 It is considerate of sb.to do sth.*人很体谅地去做 a considerable amount of money 一大笔钱 considerate=thoughtful 体谅他人的 39.lack of common sense 缺乏常识 lack money（vt.）be lacking in sth.缺少（adj.）40.last for several days 持续几天 41.avoid making mistakes 避免犯错误核心词汇 senior adj.高级的；资深的 appearance 外观；面貌 e*p
14、resse*pression 表达 middle-aged 中年的 part-time 兼职的，用业余时间的 communicate v.交流，交际 communication n.交流，交际 opposite prep.在的对面 42.get down to 开始认真对待，静下心 greet 迎接 cheerful 高兴的 employv.雇佣(employer 雇主,employee 雇员)colleague 同僚；同事 customer 顾客 gesture 姿势Reading 课文中译文 肢 体 语 言 读读校报上这个故事。黛比和西蒙是带学生，他们在旅行社做兼职。他们正坐在办公室里。一
15、位穿着讲究的中年女士走进来，黛比和西蒙抬起头。女士打量了他们一下，然后向黛比走过去。黛比高兴地欢迎她，那位女士说道：“我要坐火车去。西蒙叹息一声，从书桌上拿起一些文件走到传真机旁。高级雇员杨先生正站在那儿，他说:“怎么了，西蒙.你看上去不太高兴啊。”“人们总是更喜欢黛比而不喜欢我。我想不明白。”西蒙回答。“我知道，那是因为你交流的方式问题。”“怎么会呢.”西蒙问道。“我连与他们说话的机会都没有。”-.z.“交流不仅仅指听和说。你的肢体语言也是很重要的。”“肢体语言.”“那是你的站、坐的方式，和你的手势，你脸上的表情和眼神，你的整个外表都在传递信息。你看别人的方式没给他们留下好的印象。譬如，你经
16、常用手托着头，眼睛向下看，你从来也不微笑，你的头和身体没对着顾客。看看黛比，她抬着头，看着别人的眼睛，微笑着。你的肢体语言是在告诉别人请走开，而黛比的肢体语言让别人感到他们是受欢迎的。所以顾客愿意向她寻求帮助，而不喜欢找你。从那以后，西蒙决定改进自己的肢体语言。他坐得很端正，微笑着面对别人。看起来似乎真起作用了。几分钟后，一位非常漂亮的女生走了进来。她先看看黛比，又看看西蒙，然后毫不犹豫地走到西蒙面前，冲他开心地笑。不久后，她离开了，脸上还带着微笑。杨先生立刻走过来说：“你给她留下了很好的印象。”她是我的姐姐。”西蒙回答，“她来提醒我明天是她生日。More ReadingEye contact
17、 词汇学习 1.signal 发出信号v.signal(to sb.)to make a movement or sound to give sb a message,an order,etc.例如：Dont fire until I signal.Did you signal before you turned right Heignaled to the waiter for the bill.v(that)例如：She signaled(that)it was time to leave.v to inf 例如：He signaled to us to join him.vn to in
18、f 例如：She signaled him to follow.v wh-例如：You must signal which way you are going to turn.2.lack 缺乏n.U,sing.lack(of sth)the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth:例如：a lack of food/money/skills;The trip was cancelled through lack of(=because there was not enough)interest.;There was no lac
19、k of volunteers.v.vn no passive to have none or not enough of sth:例如：Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.He lacks confidence.She has the determination that her brother lacks.confusion n.迷惑 confusion(about/over sth)/confusion(as to sth)例如：There is some confusion about what the co
20、rrect procedure should be.confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的 例如：People are confused about all the different labels（标签）on food these days.Im confusedsay all that again.5.situation n.情况 to be in a difficult situation;例如：You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.6.last 延续linking verb v.(不用于进
21、行时态)例如：The meeting only lasted(for)a few minutes.Each game lasts about an hour.-.z.How long does the play last 7.maintain v.保持 to maintain law and order/standards/a balance 例如：The two countries have always maintained close relations.(2)n.to keep a building,a machine,etc.in good condition by checking
22、 or repairing it regularly:The house is large and difficult to maintain.7.concentration n.集中(1)U the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing,without thinking of other things例如：This book requires a great deal of concentration.Tiredness affects your powers of concentration.(2)U co
23、ncentration(on sth)the process of people directing effort and attention on a particular thing:如：a need for greater concentration on environmental issues 词汇扩充 concentratev.集中 concentrate(sth)(on sth/on doing sth)to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else v I cant concentrate
24、with all that noise going on.I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.8.stare v.stare(at sb/sth)to look at sb/sth for a long time:例如：I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.He sat staring into space(=looking at nothing).She looked at them with dark staring eyes.More
25、Reading 中译文 眼神交流 纵观人类历史，人们一直用肢体语言进行交流。在许多情况下，说话的方式比说话的内容重要得多。有时眼神的交流是交际的关键。它可以表示友好或敌意，感兴趣或感到厌倦，是理解或者是迷惑。在西方文化当中，谈话中保持眼神的交流佷必要。事实上，西方人可能会认为缺少眼神的交流就是缺乏交流的兴趣。在西班牙、意大利和希腊，人们交谈时相互间站得很近，眼神的交流也更频繁更持久。在许多亚洲国家中，避免眼神的交流则表示的是尊敬。这发生在和有权的人或年长的人交谈的时候。当人们不了解这种习惯时会导致问题的出现。比如，亚洲人可能会在聚精会神地听人讲话时合上眼睛或往下看，而在说话的西方人可能认为这人
26、对谈话不感兴趣。眼神交流是微妙的事情，躲避眼神的交流可能会被认为是不礼貌的事，但死盯着别人看则会被认为是粗鲁的事情，也应该避免。高中教材的特点，介绍阅读中略读（skimming）和扫读（scanning）的含义与技巧.略读是一种阅读方式。当我们进行阅读时，我们是在非常快速地阅读，目的是获地阅读材料的大概轮廓或意义。在略读时，我们跳过不重要的部分。因此，我们通常只看题目和段落标题、附图和图表以及重要的句子（一般是每个段落的第一句和最后一句）。略读只需一二分钟，它帮助我们获得阅读材料的大概轮廓并使我们更好地跟上作者的思路，它为我们更准确、更仔细的理解作者的思想做好了准备。-.z.当我们在扫读一篇阅
27、读材料时，我们是在非常快速地阅读，目的是获得有关时间、地点和数据等的信息。在扫读时，我们总是跳过不相关的部分，而只是集中注意我们需要发现的信息。语法知识 不定式和动名词后接宾语的区别（一）动名词的几个特殊情况 1.有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具 体含义有时还不一样。2.能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand
28、,cant help 等。能跟不定式的动词有：decide,desire,e*pect,hope,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,undertake,want,wish,agree,manage 能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,start 动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不
29、定式。例如:I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。I like reading.我喜欢阅读。He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。We love watching VCD.我们喜欢看 VCD。3.remember，forget，regret 后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。例如：I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。4.“stop+动
30、名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作，“stop+不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。例如：Stop smoking,please.请不要抽烟。Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。5.动名词和分词的区别：动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：reading te*t 阅读课文（动名词）developing country 发展中国家（分词）a sleeping bag 睡袋（动名词）boiled water 开水（分词）分词是一种动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形
31、容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。例如：Climbing mountain is a good e*ercise.（climbing.动名词起名词作用）爬山是一项好运动。Do you know the man wearing a white shirt（wearing.分词起形容词作用）你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗.He gets up early to catch the first bus.（to catch.不定式起副词作用）他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。（二）分词：分词是由动词+ing 或 动词+ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或
32、副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语和宾语补足语。例如：-.z.working worked washing washed 分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed（不规则动词要记住过去分词的形式）。分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。1.分词在句子中作定语。例如：China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Thats an interesting story.这是一个有趣的故事。The girl singing for us is ten years old.给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了
33、。作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的名词是 something,anything,everything,nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。例如：The working people have played a great role in the activity.工人在这次活动中起主要作用。The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。分词和动名词都可
34、以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。例如：a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）a swimming pool 游泳的池子（动名词）2.分词在句子中作状语。例如：Being a student,he likes to help others.作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。Wearing a new pair of glasses,she can read easily.戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。She is there waiting for us.她在那儿等我们呢。Told by the
35、teacher,she knew she was wrong.经老师一说，她知道自己不对。3.分词在句子中作表语。例如：The story is interesting.故事有趣。We are interested in computer.我们对计算机感兴趣。The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。The water is boiled.水是开的。4.分词可以在句子中作宾语补足语，可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get 等词。例如：I saw him walking in the street.我看见他在街上走。I
36、heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。We found the boy sleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。例如：I have my hair cut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房子。5.分词的否定形式是“not+分词”。例如：Not knowing what to do ne*t,she stop
37、ped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。Not having finished the homework,the little girl doesnt dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。6.分词的时态：分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。例如：Seeing the teacher is coming,the students stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。-.z.Coming into the room,he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。分词的完成时表示的动
38、作在谓语动词的前面发生。例如：Having received a letter,I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。Having had my supper,I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。Having known that he won the match,he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。7.分词的被动形式：分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。例如：The entertainment building being
39、 built will be completed ne*t year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。语法练习 动名词 选择填空：1.Do keeping _,will you A.to try B.try C.having tried D.trying 2.We are all looking forward _ Mr.Smith ne*t week.A.to see B.of seeing C.at seeing D.to seeing 3.He spent all his time _ for the final e*amination.A.to prepare B.of preparing
40、 C.in preparing D.to preparing 4.The boy is only five years old,but he is quite used _ the telephone.A.to answer B.to answering C.of answering D.by answering 5._soundly is better for your illness than taking medicine.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept 6.Sometimes when I look into the sky,I
41、 feel like _ a trip somewhere.A.to make B.making C.make D.to go for 7.I consider _ of every fish is a kind of murder.A.taking B.a taking C.the taking D.to take 8.My grandfather is a rich man,but _ money does not solve all his problems.A.has B.to have C.having D.having had 9.It is no good _ him to se
42、e you off.A.to e*pect B.e*pecting C.of e*pecting D.for him to e*pect 10.There is one more book worth _.A.read B.of reading C.being read D.reading 11.He liked _ many questions at the press conference.A.being asked B.asking C.of asking D.ask 12.We had no trouble _ the path through the forest.A.to find
43、 B.for finding C.finding D.with finding II.用括号里的动词的正确形式填空：1.He insisted on _（do）the work in some other way.2.The windows want/need/require to be cleaned.That is,they need/want/require _(clean).3.He practiced _(play)the piano every day.4.She doesnt mind _(work)overtime.5.It will mean _(benefit)your c
44、ompany and mine.6.Have you decided to put off _(go)to the seaside 7.Peter kept(on)_(ask)questions.8.Its a waste of time _(argue)about it.-.z.9._(talk)is easier than doing.10.Have you finished _(do)your homework III翻译：1._（每天晨读一刻钟）is very important in learning English.2.Its no use _（叹气）.3.Debbie enjoy
45、s _（微笑着与客户交流）.4.John has just given up _（吸烟）.5.I _（一直盼望着访问）China again.6.He run off to avoid _（看见）by his class teacher.7.This machine is for _（切纸）.8.This book is well worth _（读）.9._（挥动拳头）is a sign of anger.10.Mr.Yang suggested/advised _（看着顾客的眼睛）to make a good impression on him.IV拓展题：1.-You were brav
46、e enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 2.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating 3.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A.visit B
47、.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in 4.The little time we have together we try _ wisely.A.spending it B.to spend it C.to spend D.spending that 5.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade（说服）B.persuading D.being persuaded D.be persuaded 6.
48、What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed C.his being not allowed D.having not been allowed 7.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A.having not been invited B.not having invited C.having not invited D.not having been invited
49、8._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.E*posed B.Having e*posed C.Being e*posed D.After being e*posed 9.The discovery of new evidence led to _.A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught 10.One learns a language by making mista
50、kes and _ them.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct 11.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing 12.In some parts of London,missing a bus means_ for another hour.A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be