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1、 主 谓 一 致 语法精析 英语的一致关系中的其中一条就是要求句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是主谓一致。主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则 主谓语法一致是指谓语动词与主语在单复数形式上保持一致。1.在下列情况下，谓语动词通常用单数形式：(1)不可数名词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等作主语时；(2)and连接的两个名词表示一个整体、同一种事物或同一人时；(3)and连接的两个单数名词均受 each,every,no,many a等词修饰时；(4)代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合不定代词作主
2、语时，或主语中含有each,every时。2.在下列情况下要视具体情况而定：(1)主语后接with,together with,as well as,rather than,including,except 等引导的短语时，谓语动词形式与这些短语之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致；(2)当kind of/pair of/type of/sort of等作主 语时，谓语动词与kind/pair/type/sort保持一致；(3)当“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of 后面的名词保持一致。二、意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致是指根据句意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。1.在下
3、列情况下，谓语动词 通 常用单数形式：(1)表示“时间、距离、金钱、重量”等复数名词作主语，被看作一个整体时；(2)当army,club,family,government,class,team等集体名词作主语，表示整体时；(3)以“-ics”结尾的学科名词，指教育、科研的某一学科；(4)复数名词用作书、电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时。2.在下列情况下，谓语动词 通 常用复数形式：(1)当“the+adj.”指一类人作主语时；(2)当army,club,family,government,class,team等集体名词作主语，强调集体中的个体时；(3)有些集合名词，如people,police
4、,cattle等形式上是单数，但往往用作复数。三、就近一致原则 就近一致是指谓语动词与最靠近它的名词、代词在人称和数上保持一致。1.在there be句型中或以here开头的句子中，be动词应与后面的名词保持一致，当后面的名词不止一个时，be动词应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致；2.either.or./neither.nor./whether.or./not.but./not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓语同邻近的主语一致。小试身手.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Reading aloud (be)very important in learning English.
5、2.Whether well go (depend)on the weather.3.Both industry and agriculture (have)been greatly developed these years.4.The writer and teacher (be)speaking at the meeting.5.Every boy and every girl (have)the right to receive education.6.The population of the earth (be)increasing every year.7.Politics (b
6、e)a complicated subject.8.There (be)a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk 9.Not only the students but also the teacher (want)to go climbing.10.More than twenty students (be)playing football in the playground.单项填空。1.Look!There playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.A.are a number of deer B.a
7、re a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 2.The injured in the earthquake good care of by some medical teams.A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is being taken 3.My friend and classmate Paul motorcycles in his spare time.A.race B.races C.is raced D.is racing 4.The factory,including its machines and buildings,burnt last night.A.is B.are C.were D.was 5.Her family much larger than mine.Her family singing and dancing when I came in last night.A.are;was B.is;were C.is;was D.are;were Keys:.1.is 2.depends 3.have 4.is 5.has 6.is 7.is 8.is 9.wants 10.are .1-5 ABBDB