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1、考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题 1.The main subject of this passage is_.A)transportation and storage B)storage of products C)distribution center D)two main aspects of product distribution 2.Warehousing is important in that _ A)inventories build up before the goods are sold B)the prices will go down C)more goods are
2、 produced than can be consumed D)the food has to be put on the market immediately 3.How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?A)3.B)4.C)6.D)7.4.Where might one find meat and milk?A)Grain elevator.B)Cold-storage warehouse.C)Private warehouse.D)Bonded warehouse.5.What is NO
3、T true of a distribution center?A)It is a relatively new type of warehouse.B)Product is replaced more quickly and costs are down.C)Some distribution centers are not built in the sane country as the factory D)It builds up extensive inventories to minimize storage.Passage 2 How much pain do animals fe
4、el?This is a question which has caused endless controversy.Opponents of big game shooting,for example,arouse our pity by describing tile agonies of a badly-wounded beast that has crawled into a comer to die.In countries where the fox,the hare and the deer are hunted,animal-lovers paint harrowing pic
5、tures of the pursued animal suffering not only the physical distress of the chase but the mental anguish of anticipated death.The usual answer to these criticisms is that animals do not suffer in the same way,or to the same extent,as we de.Man was created with a delicate nervous system and has never
6、 lost his acute sensitiveness to pain;animals,on the other hand,had less sensitive systems to begin with and in the course of millions of years,have developed a capacity of ignoring injuries and disorders which human beings would find intolerable.For example,a dog will continue to play with a ball e
7、ven after a serious injury to his foot;he may be unable to run without limping,but he will go on trying long after a human child would have had to stop because of the pain.We are told,moreover,that even when animals appear to us to be suffering acutely,this is not so;what seems to us to be agonized
8、contortions caused by pain are in fact no more than muscular contractions over which they have no control.These arguments are unsatisfactory because something about which we know a great deal is being compared with something we can only conjecture.We know what we feel;we have no means of knowing wha
9、t animals feet.Some creatures with a less delicate nervous system than ours may be incapable of feeling pain to the same extent as we do:that as far as we are entitled to do,the most humane attitude,surely,is to assume that no animals are entirely exempt from physical pain and that we ought,therefor
10、e,wherever possible,to avoid causing suffering even to the least of them.6.Animal-lovers assume that animals,being hunted,would suffer from _.A)a great deal of agony both in body and in spirit B)mental distress once they are wounded C)only body pains without feeling sad D)crawling into the comer to
11、die 7.Supporters of game shooting may argue that animals _.A)cannot control their muscular contractions B)have developed a capacity of feeling no pain C)are not as acutely sensitive as human beings to injuries D)can endure all kinds of disorders 8.The author feels sure that _.A)animals dont show suf
12、fering to us B)dogs are more endurable than human children C)we cannot know what animals feel D)comparing animals with human beings is not appropriate 9.What is the authors opinion about animal hunting?A)We should feel the same as the hunted animals do.B)We should protect and save all the animals.C)
13、We shouldnt cause suffering to them.D)We should take care of them if we can.10.This passage seems to _.A)argue for something B)explain something C)tell a story D)describe an object Passage 3 In science,a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.A the-ory often involves
14、an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory,in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory,in addition to explaining past
15、 observations,helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed.After a theory has been publicized,scientists design experi-merits to test the theory.If observations confirm the scientists predictions,the theory is sup-ported.If observations do not confirm the predictions,the scientists mus
16、t search further.There may be a fault in the experiment,or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments.Facts by themselves are not science.As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said:
17、Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem.After known fac
18、ts have been gathered,the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way,any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.It extends the scientists thinking beyo
19、nd the known facts.The scientist plans experiments,performs calculations,and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses.For without hypotheses,further investigation lacks purpose and direction.When hypotheses are confirmed,they are incorporated into theories.11.The word this in the 3rd sentence in parag
20、raph 1 refers to _.A)a good example B)an imaginary model C)the kinetic molecular theory D)an observed event 12.Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how _.A)mathematicians approach science B)building a house is like performing experiments C)science is more than a collection of facts
21、D)scientific experiments have led to improved technology 13.In the last paragraph,the author refers to a hypothesis as a leap into the unknown in or-der to show that hypotheses _.A)are sometimes ill-conceived B)can lead to dangerous results C)go beyond available facts D)require effort to formulate 1
22、4.What is a major function of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7 A)Sifting through known facts.B)Communicating a scientists thoughts to others.C)Providing direction for scientific research.D)Linking together different theories.15.Which of the following statements is supported by the passag
23、e?A)Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B)It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C)A scientists most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D)A good scientist needs to be creative.B)Education systems need to be radically reformed.C)Going to school is only part of how peo
24、ple become educated.D)Education involves many years of professional training.20.The passage is organized by _ A)listing and discussing several educational problems B)contrasting the meanings of two related concepts C)narrating a story about excellent teachers D)giving examples of different kinds of
25、schools Passage 5 The phrase civil disobedience is usually attributed to the nineteenth-century American philosopher Henry David Thoreau.Although the concept is unquestionably much older(its roots lie in ancient Greek philosophy),the designation is nonetheless telling:people tend to credit Thoreau,a
26、n American,with the idea because civil disobedience,is a hallmark of American eth-ics and politics.The clash between the dictates of individual conscience on one hand,and the imperatives of civil law on the other,forms much of this countrys history.Examples range from the incidents leading up to the
27、 Revolution through the many social protests of the 1960S.What constitutes an act of civil disobedience?First,an act of civil disobedience requires a formal legal structure that is enforced by the government.Second,it requires as its target a specific law or policy,rather than the entire legal syste
28、m.This is true even if the protesters ul-timate goal is to alter radically the legal system;an act of civil disobedience must be directed against one concrete example of that systems inequities.The American civil rights movement,for example,first targeted discrimination on public transportation,then
29、 used its victories as a springboard to address other injustices.Third,the act must be done publicly,because the ef-fectiveness of such a protest depends on its ability to mobilize public sentiment against the protests target.Finally,those protesting must understand the penalties their acts entail-u
30、s-ually jailing-and be willing to accept those penalties.This last requirement strengthens the acts effect on public opinion,since it serves to underscore the injustice of the protests target.21.The word telling in the 2nd sentence in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A)inappropriate B)revealin
31、g C)insignificant D)challenging 22.In the passage,the author mentions that the civil rights movement _.A)focused its early efforts on public transportation B)did not always practice civil disobedience C)started in nineteenth century D)used the Revolution of 1776 as its model 23.According to the pass
32、age,for which of the following reasons should civil protests be done publicly?A)To alter the legal system in radical way.B)To uphold the imperatives of civil law.C)To stimulate public support for a cause.D)To announce the success of a previous act of civil disobedience.24.The author suggests that wh
33、en protesters go to jail _.A)it helps convince the public to support their cause B)they usually do so unwillingly C)it is because their protest has not gone according to plan D)they are always released almost immediately 25.In the 2nd paragraph,the author _.A)argues that civil disobedience is unnece
34、ssary B)provides an extensive history of civil disobedience C)presents several differing viewpoints on civil disobedience D)defines the concept of civil disobedience Passage 6 In taking up a new life across the Atlantic,the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions
35、with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life.Neither the harshness of existence on the new continent nor the scattered population nor the disapproval of the clergy discouraged the majority from the pursuit of pleasure.City and country dwellers,of course,conducted this pur
36、suit in different ways.Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also,thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work,felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.No other set of colonists took so seriously an expression of the period,Leis
37、ure is time for doing something useful.In the countryside farmers therefore relieved the burden of the daily routine with such double-purpose relaxations as hunting,fishing,and trapping.When a neighbor needed help,families rallied from miles around to assist in building a house or barn,husking corn,
38、shearing sheep,or chopping wood.Food,drink,and celebration after the group work provided relaxation and soothed weary muscles.The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural parties.Hundreds of men,women,and children attended from far and near.The men bought or traded farm animals and acqu
39、ired needed merchandise while the women displayed food prepared in their kitchens,and everyone,including the youngsters,watched or participated in a variety of competitive sports,with prizes awarded to the winners.These events typically included horse races,wrestling matches,and foot races,as well a
40、s some nonathletic events such as whistling competitions.No other occasions did so much to relieve the isolation of farm existence.With the open countryside everywhere at hand,city dwellers naturally shared in some of the rural diversions.Favored recreations included fishing,hunting,skating,and swim
41、ming.But city dwellers also developed other pleasures,which only compact communities made possible.26.What is the passage mainly about?A)Methods of fanning used by early settlers of the United States.B)Hardships faced by the early settlers of the United States.C)Methods of buying,selling,and trading
42、 used by early settlers of the United States.D)Ways in which early settlers of the United States relaxed.27.What can be inferred about the diversions of the early settlers of the United States?A)They followed a pattern Begun in Europe.B)They were enjoyed more frequently than in Europe.C)The clergy o
43、rganized them.D)Only the wealthy participated in them.28.Which of the following can be said about the country dwellers altitude toward the pursuit of pleasure?A)They felt that it should help keep their minds on their work.B)They felt that it was not necessary.C)They felt that it should be productive
44、.D)They felt that it should not involve eating and drinking.29.What is meant by the phrase double-purpose in the 4th sentence in paragraph 2?A)Very frequent.B)Useful and enjoyable.C)Extremely necessary.D)Positive and negative.30.What will the author probably discuss in the paragraph following this p
45、assage?A)The rural diversions enjoyed by both urban and rural people.B)Leisure activities of city dwellers.C)Building methods of the early settlers in rural areas.D)Changes in lifestyles of settlers as they moved to the cities.Passage 7 For me,scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical scienc
46、es,natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world(physical and biological sciences),and sciences dealing with mankind(psychology,sociology,all the sciences of cultural achievements,every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy,about which we will talk later
47、.In the first place,all this is pure or theoretical knowledge that is intrinsic and consubstautial to man.What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know.If man did not know that the world existed,and that the world was of a certain kind,that he was in the world and that he him
48、self was of a certain kind,he wouldnt be a man.The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying
49、 the results of technical progress,he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge.Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success,but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen,except by the i
50、magination of the Utopians.Let me recall a we N-known example.If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful,it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from s