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1、第二周 听力会话 留篇章页。今日讲堂 星期 1 Monday 4 大题型及解题技巧 纵观历年真题，会话的形式分为对话与访谈两类，近年来考试以访谈为主。访谈又可分为采访与面试。无论是对话、采访还是面试，试题按照考查内容划分可以分为四种题型：主旨题、细节题、推断题、观点态度题。一、主旨题 主旨题主要考查考生对访谈或对话的主题（topic 或 main point）和访谈或对话的大意（main idea）的概括或判断能力。这种题型考试中比例不是很大，此题型常见的提问方式有：The interview mainly focus on The main idea of this interview is
2、 The interview is mainly about From the conversation,we get the impression that【例 1】(09-5)5.The interview mainly focuses on A the background information.B the description of training courses.C the requirements of public speaking.D the overall personal growth.M:Good morning,Mrs.Collins,welcome to our
3、 studio.As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International,could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization?W:It was founded in 1924 by Ralph Smedley and its headquartered in California.M:Then,who is Toastmasters open to?And what kind of members do you have now?【分析】文中主要内容都是围绕 To
4、astmasters 这一组织进行介绍，包括它所面向的人群、训练内容和方法、对受训的个体能带来的好处等，这些均属于对 Toastmasters 的背景知识的介绍。排版注意：下面几个【解题技巧】排版方式，“解题技巧”四个字排在小菱形格内，即类似于下面形式 【解题技巧】1 利用录音中读 direction 的时间预览题干和选项，注意重复频率较高的词或短语，听音时，基本上对主题有个大概的了解，缩小听音重点。2 同时，听音时注意寻听主题句。由于文体不同，对话或访谈主题句在文中的位置不尽相同。但多数听力原文的主题句位于访谈或对话的开始或结尾的总结句。二、细节题 细节题主要针对对话或访谈中的某个细节提问。
5、考查对于会话中所提及的多项具体信息的辨别能力和理解能力。这类命题占到试题比例的 80%左右。根据其具体考查方式的不同，又可以分为两种情况：1细节理解题 考查对交谈中某个表达或者说法的理解或阐释，或考查对话双方或被采访者所做某事的原因、过程、结果等细节的理解。提问方式有：The interview says that is What said means that According to,means【例 2】（08-4）4.Mary thinks that people dont need to do much travel nowadays as a result of A less emp
6、hasis on personal contact.B advances in modern telecommunications.C recent changes in peoples concepts.D more potential damage to the area.W:Yeah,but its,its just so,so damaging to the whole area,I think,airports,from my point of view,the whole concept is out-dated,really.Um,with modern technology,w
7、ere going to make a lot of travel unnecessary really.【分析】选B。女士认为人们现在根本不需要那么多旅行的原因是现代技术的进步，随后又给出了例证，通过电话和客户交流就可以免受旅行奔波之苦。因此，答案为B。2细节辨认题 考查对话或访谈中提到三个或三个以上的事物的辨别能力，即某一细节或事实是否在对话双方或被采访的回答中被提及。问题为排除或者直接提问其中的一个，既要求对号入座。此类题型答案一般包含于原文之中。提问中的标志性词语是 not，except。【例 3】（09-2）2.The following are job benefits by jo
8、ining Toastmasters EXCEPT A becoming familiar with various means of communication.B learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.C becoming aware of audience expectations.D learning how to get along with friends.M:Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situations?W:By becom
9、ing involved in Toastmasters,you will learn different methods of communicating what you really want to say.And equally important,you will learn what your audience expects from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion.Some people are comfortable around friends,but when they ap
10、pear before a group they dont know,they get tense.【分析】文中提到了 Toastmasters 能够帮助学员学到不同的沟通方式，了解听众需要并有逻辑性地、有效地将信息传达给听众（.you will learn different methods of communicatingwhat your audience expects from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion.）。由此可见，只有D未被提到，故为答案。【解题技巧】1 对于细节理解题，采用的
11、方法主要就是抓住信号词和关键词并对接下来的内容做重点笔记；若题干内容为采访人的明确提问，当听到采访人提问时要注意下面的回答并记下重点。同时记住正确答案往往是“句意解释”、“同义转换”和“信息再现”等。2 对于细节辨认题，把所给的选择项大体上看一下，然后，根据选择项提供的线索，寻听文中相应的部分，记下重点，与文中内容一致的即可肯定，不一致的即可否定。三、推断题 推断题主要考查考生对对话重要细节的引申含义的理解，要求考生在理解原文所直接陈述的观点或事实的基础上，进行合乎逻辑的进一步推理，领悟作者的言外之意。推断题是相对较难的一种题型，需要考生对一个或几个细节有深层次的理解。常见的提问方式有：Whi
12、ch of the following statements is CORRECT?According to,.It can be assumed/inferred from the interview【例 4】（10-5）5.According to the interview,religious diversity A was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B exists among Muslim immigrants.C is restricted to certain places in the US.D is spreading to mor
13、e parts of the country.M:But the point is that these religions didnt settle everywhere.They settled mainly in Californian and major Northeastern and Midwestern cities,such as New York,Philadelphia,Chicago and Minneapolis.【分析】男士最后谈到 religious diversity 时说these religions didnt settle everywhere.They s
14、ettled mainly in Californian and major Northeastern and Midwestern cities，由此可以推断，宗教差异主要局限于几个城市，C为答案。【解题技巧】1 听音前，根据选项特点及选项内容，推测问题可能考查的核心内容，确定听音时应重点关注哪些细节，以便更好地进行推断。2 听音时，留意那些表明上下文逻辑关系的关联词，如并列、转折、因果等关系的关联词，通过这些关联语，抓住重点信息，从面提高推理与判断的准确性。3 此外，因为问题考查的内容一般都与主题相关。因此，听音时重点留意与主题密切相关的选项，与主题无关的选项直接排除。四、观点态度题 观点
15、态度题主要针对会话双方对所讨论的话题所表现的个人态度进行提问。要求考生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事或某物的态度及观点。观点态度题在考试中所占比例也不是很大，题干中的标志性词语是 attitude towards，选项多为表示观点态度的形容词，如：negative,positive,ambiguous,neutral,optimistic,pessimistic,indifferent,critical,disappointed,depressed,impartial 等等。【例 5】（08-5）5.We learn from the conversat
16、ion that Freddy M:Yes,youre right.But for a lot of people,is _ Marys ideas.A strongly in favour of B mildly in favour of C strongly against D mildly against personal contact is important.And this means travel,and means quick travel,air travel,And,we just need a new airport.【分析】题干中虽然没有出现标志性词语 attitud
17、e towards，但通过选项可知此题是一观点态度题。由会话结尾男士先给予肯定，随后 But 引出相反的观点可知，两人关于修建新机场的观点是针锋相对的。末尾男士所说的话 we just need a new airport 更验证了答案为C。【解题技巧】1 听音时，根据选项内容记录表达观点态度的词语，同时将上下文联系起来，正确判断作者的态度、观点。2听音过程中注意作者的语气变化，因为有时谈话者先介绍了某一观点，却接着在后面提出了相反的观点。根据语气、观点的变化做了正确判断。今日练习 Interview 1.In what general ways has the role of the Ame
18、rican male changed?A They earn more money than they used to.B They are less sensitive today.C They are more active in work.D They take on more domestic roles.2.Which of the following is NOT a way the role of men has changed?A They take an active attitude towards housework.B Most of them think men an
19、d women should have equal share in raising children.C Some men take on most of his wifes roles.D Some men are raising children exclusively.3.What does the man say is the main cause of this change?A Unemployment.B Job-related stress.C Housework.D Frequency of divorces.4.According to the man,how do mo
20、st fathers feel about their taking on women role?A Most of them are willing to do this.B Most of them feel reluctant to take on those jobs.C Most of them do not want to openly express their love.D Most of them like those jobs.5.Which of the following is a problem caused by the changing role of men?A
21、 A household brings in less money.B Women spend less time with their children.C Children are not well taken care of at home.D Men have less leisure time.Conversation 1.How many species could become extinct within a few years?A 210.B 110.C 200.D 105.2.The buffalo were killed mainly A for their meat.B
22、 because of their large number.C for ecological balance.D for fun.3.Which of the following is INCORRECT about passenger pigeons?A Their number was once incredible.B This kind of bird is big and heavy.C Large number of them was killed mainly for meat.D They were sold in big cities.4.What is the focus
23、 the man wants to talk about?A Causes of animal extinction.B The protection of animals from being killed.C Ways of banning illegal trade in ivory.D Ways of keeping ecological balance.5.What is the first reason that animals should be protected?A Animals bring in economic income.B Animals have as much
24、 right to live as humans.C Animals provide meat.D Animals keep nature in balance.答疑解惑 Interview【听前预测】浏览各题的题干和选项，由关键词 role，American male，changed，way，cause，feel about，problem 可以推测，该篇对话与美国男性角色的改变有关，其中涉及改变的方式，改变的原因，男性自身的态度，以及由此产生的问题等。【听力原文】W:For todays show,Id like to introduce our guest Mr.Jameson a so
25、ciologist who has just completed extensive research on the changing role of men in America today.Good afternoon,Mr.Jameson,and thank you for joining us.M:Thank you,its nice to be here.W:Can you give us an overall picture of how the uh role of the American man has changed?M:Well,thats a big question
26、but Id say the role has changed in many ways uh you can see it in movies and in television in many ways that men are more willing to show their feelings now than they used to.For example,one of the most popular popular movies Kramer v.s.Kramer showed men in a totally different role than you normally
27、 see it showed a man who was sensitive,who learned how to take care of his child uh,men it seems that 1.Dmen are no longer satisfied with merely bringing home the money for the family,but they want to take an active role in raising the family uh in other words we dont have the strong silent types as
28、 much anymore 1.Dnow the father is an active participant in the family.W:Could you be more specific and tell us some of the ways the role of the father has changed?M:Well uh its changed in several ways.2.AOne is in the attitude in one in what they actually do uh lets give an example with housework m
29、ore than 50%of men who were asked in several questionnaires said that they were willing to share in the housework with their wives that means that they were willing to help uh with the dishes the they were willing to help clean the kitchen and and do other roles that had uh been associated with wome
30、n and in fact 2.B80%of men who have been surveyed have said that they think that men as well as women should have equal share in the raising of the children.W:Now you said there was also a change in what men actually do.M:Yes not only do men agree that they should take a more active role in the fami
31、ly but they are putting their beliefs in action.In fact,many men have actually taken over raising children.W:Well what has caused this change?M:Well thats a very good question there are several causes 3.BI think one of the biggest causes is economic uh the fact that many women have entered the job m
32、arket has forced men to take on roles that they didnt have before uh you used to have the woman in the house uh doing all the housework and the man who was doing all the bringing in all the money but now that the number of working women has tripled since uh World War II.3.BNow when you have these wo
33、men working you cant expect them to come back after a long after a days work.Another reason is that divorces have become so common now this is of course this is an unfortunate uh phenomenon,but the fact that there are so many divorces makes it necessary for some of the men to uh raise the children w
34、ithout a womans help and therefore if the woman is not around the man has to take care of these tasks in fact uh 2.Dthere are approximately one million children in the US being raised exclusively by fathers now with this large number of mothers uh working and the large number of men taking care of t
35、he house alone they have no choice but to take on some of what have traditionally been womens roles.W:And how do the fathers feel about this?M:Well uh 4.Amost of the fathers who do share in these roles are quite positive about this.They feel it helps them get to know their children better so the fat
36、hers now are closer to their children they try to play with the children more and this helps them understand their children also they feel theres much more love expressed if theyre always around able to help around in the family they have time to express their love.W:And how do the children feel?M:W
37、ell.uh many studies have shown that children who play with their uh fathers and who are around them a lot are able to withstand stress better uh and are able to adapt to outsiders better.In other words uh strangers dont scare them and in fact studies have shown that they can even learn more easily.W
38、:Thats very interesting but arent there any problems with the changing role of men?M:Well,there are some problems one is that men cant take over in the home unless their working world is made a little more flexible many companies right now do not want to give vacations or leaves to working men who w
39、ant to stay home and take care of their families the men feel they must give other excuses they say that theyre going to write a book or something they cant say that theyre leaving to take care of their children in other words the attitude of men in general has not changed to the point where its eas
40、y to leave and enter the work world for families another reason is that 5.Aif men stay at home with their children they cannot earn money outside so the household as a whole brings in less money.W:Well thank you very much,Mr.Jameson,that was very interesting and now for a message from our sponsor.【答
41、案解析】排版注意本周中此部分的【答案解析】中的题号加选X均加色。1.选D。细节题。录音中男士说美国男性的角色在很多方面发生了改变，男性比以前更愿意表达他们的感情，他们不再仅仅满足于往家挣钱，而是要在家庭中承担一个积极的角色，父亲逐渐成为家庭中活跃的一员，可见美国男性承担了更多家庭的角色，因此答案为D。其中 domestic“家庭的”是对文中 family 的同义替换。2.选C。细节题。女士问男性角色改变的具体方式时，男士提到一个是态度上的，说调查中一半多的男性表示愿意与妻子分担家务，80%还说男女在抚养孩子方面应该有相同的责任，后面男士还提到现在大约有一百万的孩子完全由父亲抚养，因此A、B、D
42、均正确，C在文中未提及，故为答案。3.选B。推断题。录音中男士说男性角色改变的最大原因之一是经济上的，职业女性的出现迫使他们承担过去没有的角色。随着女性进入工作市场，不可能再让她们工作了一天之后再回家做家务，因此男性必须负担一部分。由此推断，主要原因应是B“工作压力”。A、C明显错误，D不是主要原因。4.选A。细节题。录音中女士问父亲们对这种转变有何感想，男士回答说他们对此相当积极，因此答案为A。其中 willing 是对文中 positive 的同义替换。5.选A。细节题。文中男士说，角色的改变也导致许多问题。其中之一是男性只有在工作较灵活时才能承担家务，而且许多公司现在不准男士请假回家照顾
43、家人，因此他们不得不另找借口。另一个问题是如果男性在家待着就没法在外面挣钱，这样整个家庭的收入就减少了。因此选项中只有A正确。Conversation【听前预测】浏览各题的题干和选项，由关键词 species，extinct，buffalo，passenger pigeons，protected 可以推测，该篇对话与濒危物种有关，其中列举到水牛和候鸽的例子，还提及濒危物种应该被保护的原因等。【听力原文】W:What exactly is an endangered species?M:Well,an endangered species is an animal that is in dang
44、er of becoming extinct.W:How many species are in danger?M:1.AThere are about two hundred and ten species that we feel could become extinct within a few years if certain steps are not taken.W:What kind of steps do you mean?M:Let me give you an example with a somewhat happy ending.Right here in the US
45、,huge buffalo weighing between one thousand and two thousand pounds each roamed the plains.2.BThere were probably about twenty million buffalo in the US in 1850,but they were so big and numerous that they stopped trains when hey crossed the tracks.The railroad companies had them killed by the thousa
46、nds.By 1889,there were only five hundred and fifty-one buffalo alive in the whole United States.W:Why did you say that there was a happy ending?That doesnt sound so happy to me.M:Well,the US government started to protect buffalo,and there are now more than ten thousand alive in the US.Thats what I m
47、ean by a happy ending.They almost became extinct.W:What about a sad ending?Could you give us an example?M:Sure.The most famous example is probably the passenger pigeon,3.Awhich was so numerous that we have a hard time even imagining it.In 1808 an expert on birds named Alexander Wilson saw a large fl
48、ock which he estimated contained more than two billion,two hundred and thirty million birds.In 1813,the famous John Audobon watched a flock that took three whole days to fly overhead.The flock was so thick that it actually blocked the sun,and the wings sounded like thunder.W:Thats incredible.But if
49、there were so many of these birds,how did they become extinct?M:Well,men would knock them out of trees with poles or cut down their nesting places,kill them on the ground,or even choke them with burning sulfur.W:But why did they want to do that?M:3.CFor meat mostly,hunters killed the pigeons and sen
50、t them by the millions to big cities.3.DThey sold for one or two cents each in New York and Chicago.Other people just killed the birds for fun.But today thats not the only reason animals are killed.Today animals are killed mainly for their skins or for their teeth.Lets take the US for example about