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1、第二节 被动语态 be done 一般集中在挑错题中 特别关注：不定式的被动式，由主动变被动时 to 的特殊处理 相关知识：A、及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词：后面可直接加宾语(名词、动名词、人称代词的宾格、数词)不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，介词宾语 有些动词在不同的句子中既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。49.These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.(0404A)B、行为(实义)动词与系动词 行为动词：表示实际动作，包括表示思维活动的词:r
2、un,think等 系动词：表示主语的性质、状态和特征，be 动词、可放在形容词前的某些动词：get、turn、become、feel、taste,smell等 一、何种情况下可使用被动语态：1，强调动作的接受者。The kitchen is shared by the three of us.厨房是我们三人用。Football is played all over the world.世界各地都踢足球。2，不知道或没必要说明的执行者是谁。The data have been computerized for two years now.这些数据已经由计算处理两年了。These books a
3、re written for children.这些书是儿童读物 3，出于礼貌、措辞婉转等原因不方便、不愿意说明动作的执行者。I was told that you are very lazy.我听人说你很懒。The car was damaged.车撞坏了。4，避免变换主语，以求行文流畅。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上时，观众的热烈鼓掌。二、使用被动高不成低不就需要注意的问题 1，不定式的被动式 to be done 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的接受者,用被动式
4、He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.他要求派去西藏工作 Its an honour for me to be invited to speak here today.很荣幸被邀请 Are you going to the meeting to be held at 6:00?你要参加 6 点的会吗？17.We shall ask for samples _ and then we can make our decision.(0311)A.to be sent B.being sent C.to set D.to have been sent 34.The
5、 question _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.(0411)A.to discuss B.being discussed C.to be discussed D.will be discussed 2，某些动词由主动变被动时不定式符号”to”的处理 7 个感观动词 see,watch,observe,notice,listen to,hear,feel;3 个使役动词 let,have 让,make 56.The teacher has his students _ a composition every other week.(20
6、00)A.to write B.written C.writing D.write 58.The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.(2000)A.came B.come C.to come D.have come 3，短语动词的被动语态。动词后面接一个介词或副词构成短语，将其看成一个及物动词。The children are well looked after.这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。(介)The meeting has been put off till next week
7、.会议被推迟到下周。(副)注意：不是所有短的语动词都有被动语态，判断：相连的介词或副词不能折开 4，带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones.坏事有时可变好事 5，被动语态后可接从句或 W不定式 He was told that his father was sick.他被告知他父亲病了 A assistant of the shop was asked where to find the manager.6，特殊句型 be said/reported to have done 据说/据报
8、道 22.The famous novel is said _ into Chinese.A.to have translated B.to be translate C.to have been translated D.to translate 7，have/get+动词过去分词构成被动语态，多用于口语或非正式书面语中 He had some pictures taken in the park.他在公园里照了几张像。(别人给他照的 48.I have taken many photos.Im going to get the film _.A.being developed B.deve
9、loping C.developed D.to be developed 答：过去分词在动词 have,get 两词后面作宾补时,常常表示这个动作不是由主语完成的,而是由别人完成的。(2001)第三节 情态动词 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度,无人称变化,在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。考试中着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must+have done 表示对过去发生的事情的有把握的猜测。58、I believe he _ an accident,otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had
10、 B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had 35.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning,it_last night.A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain 比较：may+have done 对过去发生的事情的较有把握的猜测，“也许“22.I cant find the recorder in the room.It C may have been taken by somebody.(0311)二、sho
11、uld(ought to)+have done 含有对过去的动作的责备、批评意思 肯定式表示应该做的事情而没有做 26、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left,I _ him earlier.(2000)A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned 否定式表示不该做的事情做了 They should not have left so soon.他们不应该这么早就走的 She was very unhappy.You ought
12、 not to have hurt her feeling.她当时够难受了你不应该再伤害她 比较:三、would(not)have done 表示过去没有完成的动作，多和虚拟语气连用，不含批评意思 45.Mary said to me,“Had I seen your bag,I _ it to you.”(0404)A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 47.Something must have happened on their way here,or they _by now.(02)A.sho
13、uld have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive should+have+过去分词的结构，表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have gone over your lessons.你应当把功课复习好的。但是此句只是一个表示和过去的事实相反的虚拟句子，并没有责备的意思。本句意思：路上肯定出事了,否则他们现在已经到了。因此正确答案应是 C.四、could +have done 表示过去存在的某种可能性，但这种可能性由于客观条件限制没能实现。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。You could have made a more detailed plan.你本可以做出更详尽的计划。He could have joined us,but he didnt get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。