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2、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
3、,新课导入,2008年北京举办奥运会,2010年上海举办世博会,嫦娥工程,20、21世纪喜事不断，中国人感到从未有过的幸福、自豪；然而，70多年前的中国是怎样的面貌呢？那时的中国人又是怎样的精神状态呢？当时，有一位思想的巨人、顽强的战士，以犀利的目光洞悉着这一切，一次次振臂呐喊、一次次冲锋陷阵他，就是鲁迅先生。 今天，我们来学习他的一篇杂文中国人失掉自信力了吗，看看我们能从中得到什么新的启发，学到怎样的做人、作文的方法。,17 中国人失掉自信力了吗,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
4、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,1.了解文章的写作背景，理解课文内容，把握作者的观点。(重点) 2.了解驳论文的特点，学习直接反驳与间接反驳相结合的论证方式。(难点)
6、3.体会鲁迅先生的忧患意识和爱国精神，增强民族民主意识及民族自信心、自豪感。(重点),作者名片,鲁迅（18811936），原名周樟寿，后改为周树人，字豫才，浙江绍兴人。我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。其作品有白话小说狂人日记，小说集呐喊彷徨故事新编，散文集朝花夕拾，散文诗集野草，杂文集热风华盖集坟等。,文体知识,驳论文：议论文从论证的方式上看，可分为立论和驳论两种。立论是就一定的事件或问题，提出并阐明自己的见解或主张。驳论是就一定的事件或问题发表议论，批驳片面的、错误的甚至反动的见解或主张。一般说来，批驳对方的论点有三种方式。 一是直接驳论点，即先举出对方荒谬的论点，然后用正确的道理和确
7、凿的事实直接加以批驳，揭示谎言与事实、荒谬与真理之间的矛盾。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
9、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二是通过批驳论据来驳倒对方的论点。论据是支撑论点的，论据驳倒了，论点也就不成立了。 三是通过批驳对方的论证来驳倒对方的论点。论述一个问题，论点和论据之间必须有内在的逻辑关系，否则就站不住脚。通过驳论证来驳论点，就是揭穿对方的论点与论据之间内在的逻辑联系不能成立，即所持论据不能证明论点，其论点不能由论据推出。,背景链接,本文选自且介亭杂文（鲁迅全集第六卷，人民文学出版社2005年版）。文中加点的语句，最初发表时被国民党书报检查机关删去了。这篇文章写于1934年9月25日，正是“九一八”事变三周年之际。当时，日本帝国主义的铁骑践踏了东北
10、三省之后，又向关内步步进逼，亡国灭种的威胁迫在眉睫，悲观失望的情绪主宰了一部分,人的头脑。8月27日，大公报社评孔子诞辰纪念哀叹：“民族的自尊心与自信力，既已荡焉无存，不待外侮之来，国家固早已濒于精神幻灭之域。”针对上述情况，为了批驳这种错误论调，鼓舞民族自信心，鲁迅在他53岁寿辰时，写下了这篇著名的杂文。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,生难字,玄虚( ) 诓骗( ) 省悟( )脊梁( ) 慨叹( ) 诬蔑( )渺茫( ) 抹杀( ) 宰相( )摧残( ) 倘若( ) 搽粉( )前仆后继( ),预习测评,xun,kun,xn,j,ki,mi,mio,zi,cu,tn,ch,p,多音字,ln,ln,p,m,m,m,qi,qi
13、,p,形似字,诓（ ）诓骗框（ ）门框,蔑（ ）诬蔑篾（ ）竹篾,慨（ ）慨叹概（ ）气概,赖（ ）依赖獭（ ）水獭,kun,kun,mi,mi,ki,i,li,t,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
14、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
15、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词语解释,地大物博：土地广大，物产丰富。怀古伤今：追念古代的事情，感伤现在的事情，指一种落寞、悲观的情绪。慨叹：有所感触而叹息。玄虚：空而不切实，不可信。渺茫：因遥远而模糊不清；因没有把握而难以预期。,省悟：醒悟。为民请命：为人民请求保全性命或解除困苦。脊梁：比喻在国家、民族或团体中起中坚作用的人。前仆后继：前面的人倒下了，后面的人紧跟着上来。形容英勇奋斗，不怕牺牲。,抹杀：一概不计；完全勾销。诬蔑：捏造事实败坏别人的名誉。自欺欺
16、人：用自己都难以置信的话或手法来欺骗别人；既欺骗自己也欺骗别人。诓骗：说谎话骗人。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
17、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
18、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,自由朗读课文，理清文章层次结构。,整体感知,第二部分（）：以古今事例驳斥敌方的论点和论据。,第三部分（）：逐层推进，得出结论：中国人自信力的有无要看中国人的筋骨和脊梁，不要被表面现象所迷惑。,第一部分（、）：摆出对方的论点和论据，树立起批驳的靶子。,课文解读,从公开的文字上看起来：两年以前，我们总自夸着“地大物博”，是事实；不久就不再自夸了，只希望着国联，也是事实；现在是既不自夸，也不信国联，改为一味求神拜佛，怀古伤今了却也是事实。 于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。,所有的中国人,暗示国民党反动派还有许多不
19、愿或不敢公开的见不得人的事情。,国民党反动统治者及其御用文人,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
20、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
21、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,在文章前两段话中，揭示了对方的什么谬误论点？这论点以什么作论据？,对方的谬误论点是：,中国人失掉自信力了。,对方论据是：,两年前：自夸地大物博。不久：只寄希望国联。现在：一味求神拜佛，怀古伤今。,思考：敌论点与论据中论述对象有什么变化？说说敌论证过程中的错误在哪儿？,敌论点中：“中国人失掉自信力了”中的“中国人”指全体中国人民，范围大。,敌论据中：“我们总自夸着”中的“我们”仅是国民党反动派等一小部分中国人，范围小。,偷换概念 以偏概全,揣摩第一段话，副词“总”、“只”、“一味”用得很好，好在哪里？,“总”写出国民政府夸耀“地大物博
22、”时洋洋自得的一贯心理，刻画了其夜郎自大的丑态。“只”含有“唯一”的意思，写出国民政府不相信自己，一副仰人鼻息、抓救命稻草的形象。“一味”体现了国民党深陷于祈求鬼神而不能自拔，放弃自立自强的状态。 这些副词尖锐泼辣，极富讽刺意味。,思考：文中反复承认“是事实”“也是事实”“却也是事实”，与后文的批判有什么关系？,先确认敌论据的真实性，但这真实的论据不能证明其论点，为后文的驳论证垫定基础。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
23、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
24、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,自夸“地大物博”,希望国联,求神拜佛,论据不能证明其论点,突破口,是信“地”信“物”,是“他信”,是“自欺”,是事实,也是事实,却也是事实,（驳论证）,失掉自信力,失掉的是“他信力”发展着“自欺力”,如何找批
25、驳的“突破口”（齐读35段）,“失掉了他信力，就会疑，一个转身，也许能够只相信了自己，倒是一条新生路。”,“他信力”指信地、信物、信国联，都没有相信过自己。“新生路”指相信自己的力量，号召全国民众团结起来抗日救亡。,“求神拜佛”的实质是什么？其危害性又是什么？,求神拜佛的实质是在发展着自欺力；危害性：有益或是有害，一时就找不出分明的结果来，它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
26、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
27、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拼命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法的人，虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”，也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是中国的脊梁。,指广大劳动人民，包括为人类做出贡献的知识分子。,如：大禹、李时
28、珍、蔡伦、祖冲之、司马迁,“埋头苦干的人”,各指什么样的人？你能说出几个吗？,指同情人民，为人民鸣不平、伸张正义的人。这些人原先有一定职位，后来遭到贬谪或罢职。,指反对国内剥削阶级和外来侵略者的革命志士、民族英雄。,“拼命硬干的人”,“为民请命的人”,指英勇献身、追求真理的人。,“舍身求法的人”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
29、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
30、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“中国的脊梁”指的是什么人？作者为什么赞扬他们“这就是中国的脊梁”？,(1)指脚踏实地为民族的进步而奋斗的人们；(2)这是比喻的说法。 他们使中国挺立起来， 他们这些没有失掉自信力的中国人是中国的主流，是中国的希望。,这一类没有失掉自信心的人现状如何？,（1）从人数上看：何尝少呢？（2）从特征上看：有
31、确信，不自欺，前仆后继地战斗。 （3）从处境上看：总在被摧残，被抹杀，消灭于黑暗中，不能为大家所知道。,“自信力的有无，状元宰相的文章不足为据，要自己去看地底下。”这一句话中“状元宰相”“地底下”分别指什么？这句话有怎样的深刻内涵？,状元宰相：指统治阶级的御用文人。地底下：指当时还处于地下斗争状态的中国共产党及其领导下的革命力量。,这句话表明反动派统治者及其御用文人的文章是荒谬的，是欺骗、蒙蔽大众的眼睛的，是不能相信的，要判断自信的有无就要自己去观察，听各方声音，以辨是非。这样的结尾，既总结了全文，又恰与文章开头“公开的文字”相呼应，使文章结构完整，浑然一体。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
32、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
33、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文章第、段先摆出对方的论据，紧接
34、着摆出对方的论点中国人失掉自信力了，第段，作者先承认摆出的论据是事实，是“真”的，再阐述推不出“中国人失掉自信力”的结论，对方的论据不能证明论点。紧接,深入探究,简要分析本文的论证思路。,着第段作者针锋相对地提出了自己的观点“我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在”。第、段列举了“中国的脊梁”，从而驳倒对方。第段得出结论，照应题目，对题目提出的问题进行了回答。,艺术特色,1.驳立结合，论证严密。 对方的论据也是事实，错误在于这些论据只是一部分事实，不是全部事实，不能一概而论。悲观论者从部分事实中概括出一个普遍性结论，犯了以偏概全的错误。作者从驳论入手，又驳又立，紧密结合。课文先直接反驳对方错误论点，是
35、驳论。紧接着再间接反驳错误论点，从正面立论，从而使对方论点不攻自破。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
36、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
37、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.语言凝练，尖锐犀利。 这篇文章的语言尖锐犀利，富于战斗性，带有嘲讽意味。例如，在文章开头，“总自夸着地大物博”“只希望着国联一味求神拜佛，怀古伤今了”，充满了嘲讽意味。“总”表现出一副自我炫耀、夜郎自大的样子，“只”表现出一副仰人鼻息、抓救命稻草的形象，“一味”表现出沉迷于其中不能自拔、顽固不化的样子。这些尖锐辛辣的语言，栩栩如生地画出了悲观论者的脸谱，给读者留下深刻印象。,3.巧用修辞，形象贴切。 作者巧妙地运用了比喻、排比、反问、仿词等修辞手法，大大增强了语言的说服力和感染力。尤其是仿词，仿照“自信力”，造出“他信力
38、”“自欺力”等词语，显示了作者高超的语言艺术。仅仅改动一个字，就将反动当局仰人鼻息、自欺欺人的形象刻画得入木三分。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
39、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
40、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结构梳理,中国人失掉自信力了吗,摆出敌方的论点、论据,论据,得出结论：自信力的有无，要自己去看地底下,自夸“地大物博”,相信“国际联盟”,一味“求神拜佛”,论点：中国人失掉自信力了,反驳敌方的论点、论据,直驳,失去“他信力”,发展“自欺力”,间驳,正面立论：有并不失掉自信 力的中国人在,论据：从古至今满怀自信的 “中国的脊梁”,拓展迁移,在和平年代我们应当怎样去爱国？课后去设计一个以“爱国”为主题的班会活动。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
41、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
42、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课后作业,1.继续搜集阅读鲁迅作品，积累句子。,各人自扫门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜,2.运用事实和道理论证驳斥以下论点：,读书不如经商,打麻将益智,