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1、The Attributive Clause张鋆良(Summarization)张鋆良定定语从句从句（AttributiveClause）定语从句（AttributiveClause）在复合句中,修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即为先行先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词关系词连接主句和从句,同时本身又在从句中充当某一成分,如主语、宾语、定语或状语关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。限制性和非限制性定语从句注意点及难点张鋆良关系词在从句中充当
2、不同成分Theflowerswhich I ordered from the storewillarrivesoon.（宾语）Themanwho telephoned me just nowisawriter.（主语）Themanwhose left leg was lost in the warisaheronow.（定语）张鋆良关系代关系代词引引导的定的定语从句从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。who,whom,thatwhosewhich,thatas张鋆良whow
3、homthat这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）张鋆良whose用来指人或物，只用作定语（若指物，它还可以同of which互换）Theywenttohelpthemanwhose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose cover is
4、green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。张鋆良whichthat它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等Atigerwhich/that had escaped from the zooisnowatlarge.（which/that在从句中作主语）Thebagwhich/that I am carryingistooheavy.(which/that在从句中作宾语)张鋆良asas既可指人，又可指物，常在限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语。通常构成suchas或thesameas等固定搭配。Idliketousethesametoolasyouused yesterday.我想
5、用你昨天使用的那种工具。（作宾语）Manyofthesportswerethesameastheyarenow.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。（作表语）Reportthisasoftenasisnecessary.根据需要反复这样做。（做主语）张鋆良关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。when,where,whythat张鋆良whenwherewhy关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用Thereareoccasionswhen(on which)one must
6、lie.任何人都有不得不撒谎的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(for which)he argued with us?这就是他和我们争辩的理由吗？张鋆良that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Itishardtofindthepl
7、ace(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.要找到他四十年前居住过的地方太难了。张鋆良介词+关系词某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?介词后面的关系词不能省略。tha
8、t前不能有介词。张鋆良限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。张鋆良aswhich非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一
9、般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisbadtooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.张鋆良注意点及难点关系代词做介词宾语关系代词that的用法as,which非限定性定语从句定语从句与强调句定语从句与并列句张鋆良关系代词做介词宾语在限制性定语从句中如果介词置于句末,关系代词仍可以用who,whom,which或thatThisisthehouse(which/that)LuXunlivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.如果定语从句中谓语动词为介词动词(
10、固定搭配),那么介词必须后置,不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面Thisisthepen(which/that)Iamlookingfor.张鋆良常用that作关系代词的几种情况先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that:Thisisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenmade.Thefirstplace(that)wevisitedwastheGreatWall.先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that:Theonlything(that)hehadintheroomwasabed.在不定代词，如：all,anything,nothing,theone,
11、much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which:Thisisall(that)Iwanttosay.先行词为人和物的名词词组:Theytalkedofpersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedintheschool.若与thesame(指同一物)连用,构成thesamethat结构时,只用that.Theisthesamemuseumthatyouoncevisited.张鋆良不用that的情况在引导非限定性定语从句时:Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(错)介词后不
12、能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.张鋆良定语从句与强调句Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一个句子为定语从句，where指代theplace,在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调intheplace,that没有意义，把intheplace放回后面句子，句子意思完整。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?(强调句型，强调
13、疑问副词where)。Whereisthewatchthathefoundyesterday.(定语从句，that指代thewatch)Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltbyhisfatherhespenthischildhood.whichthat张鋆良定语从句与并列句Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.Ivegottwosisters.BothofthemareinShanghai.第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代twosons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代twosons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。张鋆良