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1、初中英语动词时态讲解初中英语动词时态讲解 Fun With English!九年级九年级 江苏省西亭高级中学江苏省西亭高级中学动词的构成动词的构成1.1.be 动词2.2.助动词3.3.情态动词4.4.系动词5.5.实义动词 be 动词动词n nbe动词的几种形式1)1)am is aream is are2)2)was werewas were3)3)beingbeing4)4)BeenBeen be动词的用法动词的用法1.1.与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用1)1)I am a doctor.I am a doctor.2)2)He is ten.He is ten.3)3)They are
2、 tired.They are tired.4)4)The cat is under the table.The cat is under the table.be动词的用法动词的用法2.2.There be There be 句型句型1)1)用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.There is some water in the glass.2)2)用于复数名词之前用于复数名词之前There
3、are some sheep in the hill.There are some sheep in the hill.3)3)用于一般将来时用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.4)4)用于一般过去时用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday.There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当
4、形式。注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。be动词的用法动词的用法3.3.Be 动词在时态中的运用1)1)在现在进行时中在现在进行时中 We are talking.We are talking.2)2)在在过去进行时中过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday.We were talking at this time yesterday.助动词助动词n n助动词的几种形式1)1)do/dont do/dont 2)2)Does/doesntDoes/doesnt3)3)Did/didntDid/didnt4)4)will/wontwill
5、/wont5)5)have havent/has hasnt/had hadnthave havent/has hasnt/had hadnt 助动词的用法助动词的用法1.1.对句子进行否定和疑问对句子进行否定和疑问1)1)Do you get up early every day?Do you get up early every day?2)2)I didnt have lunch yesterday.I didnt have lunch yesterday.3)3)Will you be back soon?Will you be back soon?4)4)He hasnt finis
6、hed the work yet.He hasnt finished the work yet.2.2.在在反意疑问句中反意疑问句中1)1)He works in a school,doesnt he?He works in a school,doesnt he?2)2)She has never been there,has she?She has never been there,has she?3.3.在在倒装句中倒装句中1)1)They helped the farmers,so did we.They helped the farmers,so did we.2)2)I wont v
7、isit the famous singer,neither will he.I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.情态动词情态动词1.1.共同特点1)1)情态动词后面跟动词原型情态动词后面跟动词原型2)2)无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词态动词3)3)只有时态变化，没有人称变化只有时态变化，没有人称变化 情态动词情态动词2.2.解释1)1)can/couldcan/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，couldcould比比cancan语气语
8、气更委婉。更委婉。Can I help you?Can I help you?Could you open the window?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事时，在表示有能力作某事时，couldcould是是cancan的过去式。的过去式。I can swim.I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.I could swim at the age of five.情态动词情态动词2.2.解释解释2)2)Must/have toMust/have toMust Must 表示主观意愿，否定句用表示主观意愿，否
9、定句用MustntMustnt，否定回答用否定回答用needntneedntI must go now.I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.No,you neednt.have tohave to表示客观条件的限制的表示客观条件的限制的“不得不不得不”，它有时态，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont
10、 have to carry the big box.I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.He had to wash his clothes.情态动词情态动词2.2.解释3)3)May May 表示请求别人允许。表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike?May I use your bike?表示可能性。表示可能性。He may be a teacher.He may be a teacher.He may live in this building.He may live in this b
11、uilding.系动词系动词1.1.我们所学过的系动词是1)1)GetGet，turnturn，be comebe come，bebe动词动词2)2)感观动词感观动词looklook，soundsound，smellsmell，tastetaste，feelfeel2.2.系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构1)1)I feel hungry.I feel hungry.2)2)The day gets longer and longer.The day gets longer and longer.3)3)He looked happy.He looked happy.实义动词实义动词1.1.
12、实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。2.2.实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。3.3.做谓语动词的用法 动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词 实义动词实义动词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律1)1)He works in the office.2)2)We are dancing together.3)3)I caught a cold last week.4)4)She has watered the flower.实义动词实义动词4.4.做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：1)1)原型原型(do)(do)2)2)动名词
13、动名词(doing)(doing)3)3)不定式不定式(to do)(to do)实义动词实义动词1)1)用原型：a)a)let let sb.dosb.dob)b)make make sb.dosb.doc)c)help help sb.(to)dosb.(to)dod)d)had better do had better do 实义动词实义动词2)2)用动名词：a)a)like doinglike doingb)b)enjoy doingenjoy doingc)c)finish doingfinish doingd)d)介词之后用动名词介词之后用动名词 be good at doingb
14、e good at doingwhat about doingwhat about doingthank you for doing thank you for doing 实义动词实义动词3)3)用不定式：a)a)want to dowant to dob)b)decide to dodecide to doc)c)plan to doplan to dod)d)would like to dowould like to doe)e)learn to dolearn to dof)f)tell tell sbsb.(not)to do.(not)to dog)g)ask ask sb.(no
15、tsb.(not)to do)to do实义动词实义动词n n注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing/to do forget doing/to do stop doing/to do go on doing/to do 时态时态n n一般现在时一般现在时n n一般将来时一般将来时n n一般过去时一般过去时n n现在进行时现在进行时n n现在完成时现在完成时n n过去进行时过去进行时n n过去将来时过去将来时n n过去完成时过去完成时一般现在时一般现在时1.1.表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。2.2.时间状语为1)1)every day every day 或或 every
16、every 引导的时间状语引导的时间状语2)2)oftenoften，alwaysalways，usuallyusually 一般现在时一般现在时3.3.动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加“s”s”1)1)work-workswork-works2)2)辅音字母和辅音字母和“y”y”结尾的词，如结尾的词，如carry-carriescarry-carries3)3)以以s s、x x、chch、shsh结尾的加结尾的加“eses”，如，如wash-washeswash-washes4)4)go-goesgo-goes5)5)do-doesdo-does6)6)have-h
17、ashave-has 一般现在时一般现在时4.4.例句1)1)He goes to school on foot every day.He goes to school on foot every day.2)2)We often have supper at home.We often have supper at home.3)3)She doesnt do her work every Sunday.She doesnt do her work every Sunday.现在进行时现在进行时1.1.表示正在发生的动作。表示正在发生的动作。2.2.时间状语：时间状语：now/Look/Li
18、stennow/Look/Listen3.3.由由bebe动词动词动词动词inging构成构成4.4.动词变化加动词变化加inging1)1)clean-cleaningclean-cleaning2)2)以不发音以不发音“e”e”结尾的，去掉字母结尾的，去掉字母“e”e”，再加再加ingingmake-makingmake-making3)3)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ingingswim-swimmingswim-swimming现在进行时现在进行时4.4.例句1)1)The boys are playing now.The boys
19、are playing now.2)2)Look!They are planting trees.Look!They are planting trees.3)3)Listen!He is singing.Listen!He is singing.一般将来时一般将来时1.1.表示将来发生的动作。表示将来发生的动作。2.2.时间状语：时间状语：1)1)next next 引导的词组引导的词组2)2)tomorrow tomorrow 引导的词组引导的词组3)3)the day after tomorrowthe day after tomorrow3.3.动词变化：动词变化：will+will+
20、动词原型动词原型4.4.例句例句1)1)I will visit you tomorrow.I will visit you tomorrow.2)2)He wont come back next week.He wont come back next week.一般过去时一般过去时1.1.指过去发生的动作或事情2.2.时间状语：1)1)yesterday yesterday 引导的词组引导的词组2)2)ago ago 引导的词组引导的词组3)3)last last 引导的词组引导的词组4)4)the day before yesterdaythe day before yesterday 一
21、般过去时一般过去时3.3.动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed”4.4.Play-played1)1)辅音字母和辅音字母和“y”y”结尾的词，如结尾的词，如carry-carriedcarry-carried2)2)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加加ededstop-stoppedstop-stopped3)3)不规则动词见书后动词表不规则动词见书后动词表 一般过去时一般过去时4.4.例句1)1)He bought a book yesterday.He bought a book yesterday.2)2)I watched a match
22、last week.I watched a match last week.3)3)He left here two days ago.He left here two days ago.现在完成时现在完成时1.1.动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed1)1)Play-playedPlay-played2)2)辅音字母和辅音字母和“y”y”结尾的词，如结尾的词，如carry-carriedcarry-carried3)3)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加加ededstop-stoppedstop-stopped4)4)不规则动词见书后动词表不规则动词见
23、书后动词表2.2.动词由have（has）+过去分词 构成现在完成时现在完成时3.3.表示动作已经完成表示动作已经完成1)1)He has left.He has left.2)2)I have already had a rest.I have already had a rest.4.4.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与forfor引导的一引导的一段时间和段时间和sincesince引导的短语连用）引导的短语连用）1)1)He has been away for two days.H
24、e has been away for two days.2)2)I have already taught in this school since 1990.I have already taught in this school since 1990.3)3)The bird has been dead for a month.The bird has been dead for a month.4)4)We have made lots of friends since we came here.We have made lots of friends since we came he
25、re.过去进行时过去进行时1.1.指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。2.2.时间状语1)1)at this time yesterdayat this time yesterday2)2)at five oclock yesterday afternoonat five oclock yesterday afternoon3.3.动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成4.4.例句He was watching TV at this time yesterday.He was watching TV at this time yesterday.过去将来时过去将来时1.1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲
26、，将要发生的动作。2.2.动词由would+动词原型构成。3.3.例句He would go to the park the next day.He would go to the park the next day.He said he would work hard next term.He said he would work hard next term.过去完成时过去完成时1.1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。2.2.动词由had+过去分词构成。3.3.例句she had borrowed a book before she went to the park.she had borrowed a book before she went to the park.We had learned many new words by the end of last We had learned many new words by the end of last term.term.