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1、关于常见句子结构第1页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主谓表）（主谓表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补（主谓宾宾补 ）第2页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六句型句型1：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即
2、句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词这种句型中的动词这种句型中的动词这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如：。常见的动词如：。常见的动词如：。常见的动词如：work,sing,work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cr
3、y,happenswim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：等。如：等。如：等。如：1.The sun was shining.1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。2.The moon rose.2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。月亮升起了。月亮升起了。月亮升起了。3.The universe remains.3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。宇宙长存。宇宙长存。宇宙长存。4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.
4、4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who cares?5.Who cares?管它呢？管它呢？管它呢？管它呢？6.What he said does not matter.6.What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。7.They talked for half an hour.7.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。他们谈了
5、半个小时。他们谈了半个小时。他们谈了半个小时。8.The pen writes smoothly.8.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。Try to give me some examples which are the same drill.Try to give me some examples which are the same drill.第3页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六句型2：Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词)Predicate(表语)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不此句型的句子
6、有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不 能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)(1)表示状态。这样的词有：表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keepbe,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。等
7、。如：如：1)This kind of food 1)This kind of food tastes delicioustastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。这种食物吃起来很可口。2)He 2)He looked worriedlooked worried just now.just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。刚才他看上去有些焦急。3)We should 3)We should remain modestremain modest at any time.at any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。慎。4)This kind
8、of food 4)This kind of food tastes terribletastes terrible.。5)The picture 5)The picture looks more beautifullooks more beautiful at a certain distance.at a certain distance.第4页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六2)表示变化。这类系动词有：表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,gobecome,turn,get,grow,go等。等。如：如：1)Spring comes.It is 1)Spring
9、comes.It is getting warmer getting warmer and warmer.and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。来越暖和。2)The tree has 2)The tree has growngrown much much taller taller than before.than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。这棵树比以前长得高多了。3)Spring comes.It is 3)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmergetting warmer and warmer.
10、春天到了，天气变得春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。越来越暖和。4)Dont have the food.It has 4)Dont have the food.It has gone badgone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。5)The facts 5)The facts prove trueprove true.事实证明是正确的。事实证明是正确的。第5页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Have a try!Have a try!请指出下列各句为哪种结构请指出下列各句为哪种结构：（主谓）或（主谓表）Warm up exercisesWarm up exercis
11、es:1.They talked happily for almost an hour.2.The weather here is getting hotter and hotter.3.The player was singing in the playground then.3.The player was singing in the playground then.4.The city at night looks more beautiful.4.The city at night looks more beautiful.5.The students should keep qui
12、et in the room6.The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.6.The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.SVSVPSVSVPSVPSVP第6页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六句型3：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或直接接宾语，其
13、宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当从句等来充当从句等来充当从句等来充当。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例：1)He took hi
14、s 1)He took his bag and leftbag and left.（名词）（名词）他拿着书包离开了。他拿着书包离开了。2)Li Lei always helps 2)Li Lei always helps meme when I have difficulties.(when I have difficulties.(代词代词)当我遇到困难时，当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。李雷总能给我帮助。3)She plans3)She plans to travelto travel in the coming May Day.in the coming May Day.（不定式）（不
15、定式）她打算在即将到来的她打算在即将到来的“五一五一”外出旅游。外出旅游。4)I dont know 4)I dont know what I should do next.what I should do next.(从句从句)我不知道下一步该干什么我不知道下一步该干什么5)She lost 5)She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会她失去了在舞台上露面的机会第7页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六句型句型
16、4 4：Subject(Subject(主语主语)Verb(Verb(谓语谓语)Indirect object(Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object(Direct object(直接宾语直接宾语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表两个宾语才能表两个宾语才能表两个宾语才能表达完整的意思达完整的意思达完整的意思达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者直接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者间接承受者间接承受者。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动
17、作是对谁。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示常常由表示常常由表示常常由表示“物物物物”的名词来充的名词来充的名词来充的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，不大，多由指多由指多由指多由指“人人人人”的名词或代词承担的名词或代词承担的名词或代词承担的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,t
18、ell,teach,show,bring,sendbuy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：等。如：1)Her father 1)Her father bought herbought her a dictionary as a birthday present.a dictionary as a birthday present.2)The old man always2)The old man always tells the children storiestells the children stories about the h
19、eroes in the about the heroes in the Long March.Long March.3)Yesterday her father 3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicyclebought her a bicycle as a birthday present.as a birthday present.这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)1)动词动词 宾语宾语 for sb.for sb.；2)2)动词动词 宾语宾语to sb.to sb.。第8页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六 （多指人）
20、（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1)Please 1)Please show me your picture.show me your picture.=Please =Please show your picture show your picture toto me.me.请把你的画给我看一下。请把你的画给我看一下。2)Ill 2)Ill offer you a good chanceoffer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.as long as you don t lose heart.=Ill =Ill offer a
21、 good chance for youoffer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart.as long as you dont lose heart.又如：又如：He passed me the wonderful gift yesterday.He passed me the wonderful gift yesterday.My teacher taught me EnglishMy teacher taught me EnglishShe cooked her husband a delicious dinner.Sh
22、e cooked her husband a delicious dinner.My brother told me how to get to the station.My brother told me how to get to the station.第9页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六句型句型5：Subject(Subject(主语主语)Verb(Verb(动词动词动词动词)Object(Object(宾宾语语语语)Complement(Complement(补语补语补语补语)此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词，但是
23、只跟，但是只跟一个一个一个一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整使意思完整使意思完整使意思完整。这种句型中的。这种句型中的“宾语补语宾语补语宾语补语宾语补语”统称为统称为统称为统称为“复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语”。宾。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。表示让宾
24、语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式介词短语、分词、动词不定式介词短语、分词、动词不定式介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词有等。常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allowwant,would like,order,force,allow等。如：等。如：1 1）You should keep the roomYou s
25、hould keep the room clean and tidyclean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2)We made him 2)We made him our monitorour monitor.(.(名词名词)我们选他当班长。我们选他当班长。3)His father told him 3)His father told him not to playnot to play in the street.(in the street.(不定式不定式)4 4）My father likes to watch the boy
26、s My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.playing basketball.(现在分词现在分词)第10页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六注意：动词注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watchwatch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，主动语态不带等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，主动语态不带toto。如：。如：1)The boss made him 1)The boss made him do do the work
27、 all day.the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工老板让他整天做那项工作。作。2)I heard her 2)I heard her singsing in the next room all the time last night.in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。但是使役动词但是使役动词(make,let)(make,let)以及感官动词（以及感官动词（see,hear,notice,feel,see,hear,notice,feel,watch)w
28、atch)被动语态加上被动语态加上被动语态加上被动语态加上to.to.1)=He was made 1)=He was made to doto do the work by the boss all day.the work by the boss all day.2)=She was heard 2)=She was heard to singto sing in the next room all the time last night.in the next room all the time last night.第11页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Go for it ,please
29、!（主谓宾宾补）1 1）They kept the room clean.They kept the room clean.2)We all call the boy Tom.2)We all call the boy Tom.3)Our teacher asked us to do morning exercise.4)The worker painted the wall white.4)The worker painted the wall white.5)I saw her getting on the bus just now.5)I saw her getting on the b
30、us just now.6)What made the little girl angry?6)What made the little girl angry?第12页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Lets goLets goEx 1:(S V)1 1李明学习很努力。李明学习很努力。2.2.事故是昨天下午发生的。事故是昨天下午发生的。3 3春天就要来了春天就要来了.4 4我们住在这个城市已有关我们住在这个城市已有关1010年了年了.5 5学生们学习很努力。学生们学习很努力。6 6 她再次向我道歉。她再次向我道歉。7 7事故是昨天晚上发生的。事故是昨天晚上发生的。Li Ming works ver
31、y hard.The accident happened yesterday afternoonSpring is coming.We have lived in the city for ten yearsThe students work very hard.She apologized to me again.The accident happened yesterday evening.第13页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Ex 2:(SVP)1.这是本英汉辞典。2.午餐的气味很好。3.他堕入了情网。4.一切看来都不同了。5.他长得又高又壮。6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.我们的井干枯了。8
32、.他的脸红了。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell in love.Everything looks different.He is growing tall and strong.The trouble is that they are short of money.Our well has gone dry.His face turned red.第14页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Ex 3(SVO)Ex 3(SVO)1.谁知道答案？2.她微笑表示感谢。3.他拒绝帮他们的忙。4.他喜欢看书。
33、5.他们吃了剩饭。6.他说：“早上好！7.我想喝杯茶。8.他承认犯了错误。Who knows the answer?She smiled her thanksHe enjoys readingThey ate what was left overHe has refused to help them.。He said Good morning.I want to have a cup of teaHe admits that he was mistaken.第15页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Ex 4.(SVoO)Ex 4.(SVoO)1.1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美
34、味的饭。她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭。3.3.他给你买了一本字典。4.4.他对她什么都不拒绝他对她什么都不拒绝5.5.我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。6.6.我洗了我的汽车。7.7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.8.他教我开机器。She ordered herself a new dress.。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He refused her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that th
35、e bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine.第16页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Ex 5 (SVOC)Ex 5 (SVOC)1.1.他们请他当经理。他们请他当经理。2.2.他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。3.3.这使得他们要细想一想。这使得他们要细想一想。4.4.他们发现那房子空的。他们发现那房子空的。5.5.他怎么会这样想？他怎么会这样想？6.6.我们送他出去。我们送他出去。7 7他要我早点回来。他要我早点回来。8.8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。They aked him to be managerT
36、hey painted the door green.This made them think carefullyThey found the house emptyWhat makes him think so?We saw(showed/sent)him out He asked me to come back soon.。I saw them getting on the bus.第17页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Continue!Continue!There be 句型句型句型句型(特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，
37、用以表达存在有存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词主语位于谓语动词 be 之后之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化变化。如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去一直有
38、 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。第18页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Ex 6:There be Ex 6:There be 1.1.今晚没有会。今晚没有会。2.2.这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。3.3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师4.4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法
39、国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5.5.天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。6.6.办公室里肯定有人办公室里肯定有人7.7.恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。8.8.在那边的树下可能有蛇。在那边的树下可能有蛇。There isnt going to be a meeting tonightThere was only a well in the villageThere is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.Among the guests there were two Americans and t
40、wo Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.There must be someone ion the office.There happened to be nobody in the room.There may be a snake under that tree第19页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Lets go2不定式作表语不定式作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to Tsinghua Univ
41、ersity.3.She seemed _(think)about the problem.4.They appeared _(agree)with what we said.不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。第20页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Continue:3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,p
42、refer,intend,etc.第21页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Have a try:They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt they?He said he wished(be)a professor.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.He had promised _(give)me a hand.第22页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Go on,please!4.4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不
43、定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job 2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job instead of Zhang.3.The school ordered all the classroom 3.The school ordered all the classroom _(clean).4.My parents expect me _(go)to a 4.My
44、parents expect me _(go)to a ideal university.ideal university.5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)before we returned.6.The doctor advised the patient _(take)two pills every four hours._(take)two pills every four hours.7.He determined me_(tell)everything.7.He determine
45、d me_(tell)everything.第23页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Go on,please!B)Whom flns sb do sth.(watch,have(使)hear,observe,make,feel,listen(to),let,notice,see etc.+sb+动词原形 +sth+done第24页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Test yourself:We cant let this _(go)on.We cant let this _(go)on.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.I will not
46、let my children _(treat)in that way.John made him _(tell)everything.John made him _(tell)everything.The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go).The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go).We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.Do you like list
47、ening to other people _(talk)?Have you Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?ever heard him _(tell)a lie?Who would you like to have_(go)?Who would you like to have_(go)?Who would you like to have_(go)with?Who would you like to have_(go)with?What song did
48、you hear _(sing)?What song did you hear _(sing)?We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we reached there.reached there.第25页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Continue:5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives.He was the first person that came to the classroom t
49、his morning.The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.Everything that is done needs praising.Do you have anything that you want to say?Here are some books that you can read.第26页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期六Go on,please!6.不定式作状语。不定式作状语。状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果 要用不定式。第27页，讲稿共71张，创作于星期
50、六Continue:A)Substitution:A)Substitution:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.We must work hard at English in order that we ca