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1、关于高中英语语法用法详解第1页，此课件共48页哦一一.含义含义动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。二二.构成构成1.构成:动词原形+-ing2.规则:一般情况，直接+ing;以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing;以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing;以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.关键词关键词：含义：含义 构成构成 特征特征 分类分类 成分成分 用法用法 形式形式 运用运用第2页，此课件共48页哦三三.特征特征1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的特点.2.动词的-ing形式由动词变
2、来,所以保留了动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mah-jong,swimming and reading.四四.分类分类1.动名词:动词的-ing 形式相当于名词在句中的用法.2.现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作.第3页，此课件共48页哦小结：小结：doing 为非谓语动词，由为非谓语动词，由do原原形形+ing 构成，不能单独充当谓语构成，不能单独充当谓语,可以充当可以充当 1.主语主语 2.宾语宾语 3.表语表语 4.定语定语 5.状语状语 6.宾语补足宾语补足
3、语。语。doing现在分词现在分词动名词动名词具有名词，动词的特性具有名词，动词的特性具有具有adj.，adv.的特性的特性主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词动名词现在分现在分词词成分成分形式形式第4页，此课件共48页哦做主语和宾语的肯定是做主语和宾语的肯定是_；做状语和宾补的肯定是做状语和宾补的肯定是_。Examples:1)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词做主语和宾语动名词做主语和宾语)2)Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.(现在分词做时间状语现在分词做时间状语)3)IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyh
4、erroomyesterday.(现在分词做宾语补足语现在分词做宾语补足语)动名词动名词现在分词现在分词第5页，此课件共48页哦1.做主语主语1.Since then,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.3.Just dreaming for things,however,costs nothing.五五.用法用法：第6页，此课件共48页哦小结小结：
5、1特征：单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.句型：1）doing 作作主语句型：主语句型：Doing.+V+O 2）但有些含有动名词的句型，为避免句子主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，-ing形式作真正的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型：Eg.Its no use crying over spilt（倾倒出）milk.It+be+no good/use doing做做无益无益/无无用用第7页，此课件共48页哦Its a waste of time thinking hard about the past.It+be+a waste of time doing做做是浪费时间是浪费时间T
6、he book is worth reading.It+be+worth doing 做做值值得得There is no harm in doing so.There+be+no+n.+in+doing 做做没有没有第8页，此课件共48页哦2.作作宾语宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语）动词宾语和介词宾语）Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.IenjoylearningEnglish.(动词宾语）动词宾语）IamfondofwatchingTV.（介词宾语（介词宾语）第9页，此课件共48页哦动词动词+宾语宾语只接只接doing只接只接tododoing和和todo皆可，意
7、义皆可，意义区别很大区别很大doing和和todo皆可，意义皆可，意义区别不大区别不大第10页，此课件共48页哦以下动词须用以下动词须用doing做宾语做宾语1)记忆口诀：记忆口诀：双双P延期延期两建议两建议否认否认错过了错过了练习练习考虑考虑完成完成不耽搁不耽搁喜欢喜欢设想设想不介意不介意面对面对坚持坚持不放弃不放弃避免避免冒险冒险请原谅请原谅 对应单词：对应单词：postpone,putoff,suggest,advisedeny,miss,practiceconsider,finish,delayfancy,enjoy,appreciate,imagine,mindface,insist
8、on,giveupavoid,risk,excuse,forgive第11页，此课件共48页哦2)need,require,want+doing=needtobedone注意注意:主动表被动主动表被动动词动词want，need，require作作“需要需要”解时，后面的动词用动名词解时，后面的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动名词的主动作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义式表示被动意义。3)giveup,canthelp,lookforward,havetrouble.+doingEg1.Mycoatneedswashing.=My
9、coatneedstobewashed.Eg2.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter.第12页，此课件共48页哦下列动词常以动词不定式（to do）作宾语。三个希望两答应三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定设法学会做决定不要假装在选择不要假装在选择hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒绝命令想要拒绝命令需要努力学习需要努力学习,期望同意帮助期望同意帮助希望决定开始。希望决定开始。want;refuse;order,need
10、;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start 第13页，此课件共48页哦 有些动词既可接有些动词既可接-ing，又可接，又可接to do作宾语作宾语,区别不是很大。区别不是很大。like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend,prefer,etc.He likes singing.He likes to sing.第14页，此课件共48页哦1)I must remember to take my notebook with me.I remember seeing her somewhere
11、 before.remember to do sth.记得要做某事。记得要做某事。remember doing sth.记得做过某事。记得做过某事。类似词：类似词：forget,regret,mean,stop,try,有些动词后既可以接有些动词后既可以接doing又可以接又可以接to do作宾语作宾语,意思上有明显差别：意思上有明显差别：第15页，此课件共48页哦2)I forgot to post the letter.I forgot posting the letter.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事。forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。3)I regret
12、 to tell you that you cant work here any more.I regret not taking your advice.regret to do sth 对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾，常和say,tell,inform 等词连用。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。第16页，此课件共48页哦4)I did not mean to hurt you.That means giving up my job.mean to do sth.:有的意图，打算，想 mean doing sth.:意味着5)He stopped to sing.He stopp
13、ed singing.stop to do sth.:停下来正在做的事去做另一件事。stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事情。6)We must try to get everything done on time.Lets try doing the work some other way.try to do sth.:设法、努力做某事 try doing sth.:尝试做某事第17页，此课件共48页哦7）He said nothing but just went on working.After her early teaching career she went on to be
14、come a doctor.go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事8）I cant help to finish her work,because I havent finished mine yet.I cant help crying when I heard the news.cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事第18页，此课件共48页哦Complete these sentences:1.If you can keep _(read)Englis
15、h newspapers,your English will be improved.2.He has promised _(come)to my birthday party.3.I hate _(tell)lies!4.*I will never forget _(go)to Beijing with him last summer.*I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell第19页，此课件共48页哦3.作作表语表语Hisjobist
16、eachingEnglish.=teachingEnglishishisjob.Sheiswashingthedishes.Washingthedishesisshe.动名词做表语动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：动名词做表语动名词做表语表示表示主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做表语表语说明说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。Practice：1)Learningismyduty.2)Thenewsisencouraging.动名词
17、做表语动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词做表语第20页，此课件共48页哦4.作作定语定语a.thelaughingaudience/anamusingstoryb.DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman.(短语短语后置后置）Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.CompareTheamusingplay=theplaythatisamusing.Thegirlsingingonthestage=Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage.第21页，此课件共48页哦现在分词与动名词作定语的区别现在
18、分词与动名词作定语的区别现在分词现在分词单独单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词做定语时，放在所修饰的名词 ,说说明其修饰名词的明其修饰名词的动作，性质或特征动作，性质或特征,它与被修饰的名词它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的是逻辑上的主动主动关系，且可以转换成关系，且可以转换成定语从句定语从句；动名；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途功能或用途，一般是单个动，一般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之名词，放在被修饰名词之_，可以转换成，可以转换成for for 短语，短语，表示表示“供作供作.之用之用”。前前前前a walking stick(a stick for walking)
19、(apoolforswimming)asleeping boyamoving story_(astorythatmovespeople)(aboywhoissleeping)aswimmingpool_第22页，此课件共48页哦动词动词-ing 形式如果是短语，形式如果是短语，应应放在所修饰的名词放在所修饰的名词 ，相当，相当于于_。1.They are visitors coming from several countriescoming from several countries.（=who come from several countries.）2.Three days later
20、 I received a letter offering me the offering me the job.job.（=which offered me the job.）3.The girl standing therestanding there is my classmate.（=whostandsthere）4.The man speaking to the teacherspeaking to the teacher is my father.后后定语从句定语从句(who is speaking to the teacher)第23页，此课件共48页哦Step2.Theboyw
21、hoiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Step1.TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine.Step3.Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Wrong:Theboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine Therearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstop_第24页，此课件共48页哦5.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语
22、时，现在分词作状语时，分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须是是句子的主语句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑逻辑上上的的主谓关系主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化：但要注意它的各种形式变化：True or false:1.Seeing from the top,the school looks more beautiful.()2.Seeing from the top,we find the school more beautiful.()FT第25页，此课件共48页哦主动语态被动语态一般式完成时6.形式：时态
23、和语态形式：时态和语态doing having donehaving been done being done 否定式 主动语态否定式 被动语态否定式一般否定式完成否定式 not being donenot having done not doing not having been done 第26页，此课件共48页哦Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作（听见和进入两个动作同时同时或或基本同时基本同时发生）发生）Thebuildingbeing
24、builtnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造地现在正在建造地这栋楼房室我们地这栋楼房室我们地新图书馆新图书馆.（beingbuilt为现在分词的为现在分词的被动被动形式，表示动作形式，表示动作正在进行之正在进行之中中。）。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.（havingdonethework为现在分词的为现在分词的完成式完成式，表示动作，表示动作先于谓先于谓语动词语动词发生。）发生。）Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。已经卖光
25、了，他们失望地离开了。（havingbeensoldout为现在分词的为现在分词的完成式完成式，表示动作，表示动作先于谓语动词发生先于谓语动词发生。）第27页，此课件共48页哦Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=While_thebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1）表时间状语表时间状语Iwaswai
26、tingfor第28页，此课件共48页哦2)表原因状语表原因状语Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.(=Ashewasill,hedidntgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Since_a student youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.As_hemightbeathome,Icalled
27、him.youareIthought第29页，此课件共48页哦3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是表示的动作，必须是主语的主语的一个一个动作，或是与动作，或是与谓谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是，或是对谓对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)我们乘车游览了许多地方。我们乘车游览了许多地方。Travellingbycar,we
28、visitedmanyaplace.We_bycarandvisitedmanyaplace.traveled第30页，此课件共48页哦他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(He_and_againstthewall.)Laughingandtalking(They_and_,andtheywentintotheclassroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstood第31页，此课件共48页哦 4)表结果表结果Eg
29、.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_.makingitthemostpopularsong(=Thesongissungalloverthecountry,andthis_itthemostpopularsong.)makes第32页，此课件共48页哦5)表条件表条件Usingyourhead,youw
30、illfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。_,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead(Ifyou_,youwillseeawhitehouse.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.努力吧，努力吧，你会成功的。你会成功的。（Ifyou_,youwillsucceed.walkaheadworkhead第33页，此课件共48页哦6)表让步表让步(though/although,even though等）等）尽管拼命地工作，
31、他一点都不觉得累。尽管拼命地工作，他一点都不觉得累。Workiing hard,he didnt feel a bit tired.（=Although he worked hard,he didnt feel a bit tired.)Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.（=Even though they _ _ _,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。knewallthis第34页，此课件共48页哦逻辑主语逻辑主语o
32、nesdoingDoyoumindTimssmokinghere?Excusemeformybeinglate.Sheacceptedhisapologyforhisbeingrude.ones形容词型物主代词形容词型物主代词人称代词宾格人称代词宾格名词所有格名词所有格第35页，此课件共48页哦动名词的复合结构注意比较下面两个句子,它们有什么区别与联系I dont mind smoking here.I dont mind his smoking here.共同点:都是相当于名词不同点:动名词的复合结构有了自己的动作发出者,如,his谁抽烟,他抽第36页，此课件共48页哦 7)7)与逻辑主语构
33、成独立主格：与逻辑主语构成独立主格：-ing-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的，如果两者不构成主谓关系致的，如果两者不构成主谓关系,只能用独立主格结构只能用独立主格结构,即即给现在分词补充一个主语。给现在分词补充一个主语。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。Timepermitting,welldoanothertwoexercises.(=If_,welldoanothertwoexercises)分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是time,time,而句子的主语是而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主
34、两者不构成主谓关系谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my heard(=when I for the bus,a bird fell on my heard.)timepermitswaswaiting第37页，此课件共48页哦独立主格中的注意事项独立主格中的注意事项（1 1）独立主格有时也可用独立主格有时也可用with(without)+名词（代名词（代词宾格）词宾格）+分词形式分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefell
35、asleep.他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。（2 2）有些固定用法作独立成分）有些固定用法作独立成分(悬垂分词悬垂分词)：Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,considering,/takinginconsideration,totellyouthetruth,etc.第38页，此课件共48页哦6.Doing作作宾语补足语。宾语补足语。句中的谓语动词句中的谓语动词通常为通常为a:感官动词，感官动词，如：如：see,notice,watch,hear,listento,f
36、eel,observe,find+sb+doing Weheardthechildrensinginginherroom.Wewatchedthechildren divingintothewaterfromthetopboard.第39页，此课件共48页哦 b.役使动词役使动词.表示表示“使使”，“让让”的意思。的意思。keepsbdoing保持保持.leavesbdoing使处于使处于getsb/sthdoing让做让做havesbdoing让让做做.setsb/sthdoing使使Wellsoonhaveyouwalkingagain.我们会不久让你重新走起来我们会不久让你重新走起来。I
37、leavethemachinerunningallday.我让机器整天运转着。我让机器整天运转着。第40页，此课件共48页哦MoreexamplesStep1.Peoplesawthepolice.Thepolicewerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（简单句）（简单句）Step2.Peoplesawthepolicewhowerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（定语从句）（定语从句）Step3.Peoplesawthepolicebreakingthewindowwithahammer.(doing短语作宾补）短语作宾补）第41页，此
38、课件共48页哦1.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _ with him.(06年上海高考）A.to argue B.arguing C.argued D.having argued2.Victor apologized for _to inform me of the change in the plan.(04年上海高考）A.his being not able B.him not to be able C.his not being able D.him to be not able7.运用运用：G
39、rammar work 语法专练语法专练第42页，此课件共48页哦3.Ill never forget _Paris for the first time.A.to visit B.visit C.visiting D.visited4.I regret _hard at school.A.not to study B.not having studiedC.not study D.having not studied5.The old man needs_.A.look after B.looking after C.being looked after D.to look after第43
40、页，此课件共48页哦6.The problem is worth_.A discussing B.discuss C being discussed D.discussed7.Please remember _the lights before _the classroom.A.turn off;leave B.to turn off;leavingC.turning off;leave D.turning off;leaving8._is believing.A.to see B.SeeingC.See D.having seen.第44页，此课件共48页哦9.Dontleavethewat
41、er_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun10.Johnsbadhabitis_withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading第45页，此课件共48页哦11._inthequeueofhalfanhour.Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited12.Thepicture_onthewall
42、ispaintedbymynephew.A.HavinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung第46页，此课件共48页哦13._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered14.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting第47页，此课件共48页哦感谢大家观看第48页，此课件共48页哦