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1、关于引导的虚拟条件关于引导的虚拟条件句句第1页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六虚拟语气(if 条件句)含含义义：其其其其假假假假设设设设是是是是不不可可能能或或不不大大可可能能发发生生或或实实现现的的；主主从从句句皆皆须须用用虚虚拟拟 I If f t th he e w wo or rk ki in ng g c co on nd di it ti io on ns s are not too bad,I w wi il ll l accept the job.（真真实实条条件件句句：对对现现有有事事实实的的一一种种陈陈述述，使使用用的的是是陈陈述述语语气气）-表表表表达达达达一一一一种种种种看
2、看看看法法法法（工工工工作作作作条条条条件件件件状状状状况况况况未未未未知知知知）I If f t th he e w wo or rk ki in ng g c co on nd di it ti io on ns s were not too bad,I would a ac cc ce ep pt t t th he e j jo ob b.（非非真真实实条条件件句句-虚虚拟拟语语气气）表表达达一一种种假假设设（与与事事实实相相反反-工工工工作作作作条条条条件件件件已已已已经经经经很很很很糟糟糟糟糕糕糕糕了了了了）第2页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六If 引引导导的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句的
3、的三三种种类类型型带if的虚拟条件句省略if的虚拟条件句隐藏if的虚拟条件句第3页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六与与现现在在事事实实相相反反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形、带、带if的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句eg:I am sorry I am very busy just now.If I had time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.If you could bear the loneliness,you might succeed.第4页，讲稿共18
4、张，创作于星期六与与将将来来事事实实相相反反(推推测测将将来来)：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形。eg.If she were here this evening,we would go shopping.（从句：一般过去时）If Mary were to marry Jack,she would be happy.（从句：were+动词不定式）If she should know it,she would tell me.(But I doubt)（从句：should+动词原形）第5页，讲稿
5、共18张，创作于星期六If we hadnt made adequate preparations,the party wouldnt have been so successful.The flood might have caused great damage to the people,if we hadnt built so many dams.与与过过去去事事实实相相反反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。第6页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反If +主语主
6、语+过去式过去式 主语主语+would/should/could/might do 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反If+主语主语+过去式过去式主语主语+would/should/could/might dowere to do/should/could do)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反If+主语主语+had+过过去分词去分词主语主语+would/should/could/might have doneIf引导虚拟条件句中的谓语动词变化第7页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六与将来事实相反时从句中的三种谓语与将来事实相反时从句中的三种谓语v变形：变形：一一般般过过去去时时were+to doShoul
7、d/could do注：这三种均可用，不同的是在表示推测将来的时候，可可能能性性的的程程度度不不同同。If it snowed t to ommo or rr ro ow w,I I s sh ho ou ul ld d /w wo ou ul ld d s st ta ay y a at t t to ommo or rr ro ow w.（常用形式）I If f i it t w we er re e t to o s sn no ow w t to ommo or rr ro ow w,.（可能性较小）I If f i it t should snow t to ommo or rr r
8、o ow w,（可能性较大）第8页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六.虚虚拟拟条条件件句句中中if的的省省略略或或隐隐藏藏1.省略if 的虚拟条件句隐藏 if 的虚拟条件句-无“条件”的虚拟语气句子第9页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六1.省省略略if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句(主主要要用用于于书书面面语语)在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒倒装装句型，即将从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首。第10页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六1.省省略略if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句如果她在这里，她也同意的。If she were here,she would agre
9、e too.Were she here,she would agree too.假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。If it should rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the match.Should it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the match.第11页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六1.省省略略if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
10、Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life 第12页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六1.省省略略if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句的的否否定定式式注意，如果条条件件从从句句的的谓谓语语为为否否定定式式，其其中中的的否否定定词词n no ot t应应置置于于主主语语之之后后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成WWe er re en n t t,S Sh ho ou ul ld dn n t t,H Ha ad dn n t t而而置置于于句句首首。我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。正正：I If f I I h ha ad
11、dn n t t w wa ar rn ne ed d y yo ou u,y yo ou u c co ou ul ld d h ha av ve e b be ee en n k ki il ll le ed d.正正：Had I not warned you,you could have been killed.误：Hadnt I warned you,you could have been killed.第13页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六1.省省略略if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词，而是实义动词。如：Had I time,I would g
12、o with you.假如我有时间，我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式为：If I had time,I would go with you.第14页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六Exercises：He must have had an accident,or he then_.Awould have been here Bshould be hereChad to be here Dwould be there第15页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六 答案为A。or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had n
13、ot had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。第16页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六Exercises：1.Given more time and money,he _ better than what it is.A A.d di id d B B.h ha av ve e d do on ne e C C.c co ou ul ld d h ha av ve e d do on ne e D D.w wo ou ul ld d d do o2 2.I If f y yo ou u e ex xp pl la ai in ne ed d t
14、 th he e s si it tu ua at ti io on n t to o y yo ou ur r s so ol li ic ci it to or r(律师)，h he e _ _ _ _ a ab bl le e t to o a ad dv vi is se e y yo ou u mmu uc ch h b be et tt te er r t th ha an n I I c ca an n.(2 20 00 05 5)would be B.will have beenC.was D.were 第17页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六感谢大家观看第18页，讲稿共18张，创作于星期六