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1、-.z.阅读理解专题一 适用学科 英语 适用年级 初二 适用区域 全国 课时时长 120 分钟 知识点 阅读理解三大题型：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题。教学目标 使学生掌握阅读理解题型的做题方法 教学重点 阅读理解题解题方法 教学难点 阅读理解题型的文章理解 教学过程 一、复习预习 你在初中阶段学过哪些阅读理解解题方法.二、知识讲解 体裁分析能力 论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.文章的结构往往容易把握，用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signal words 或 transitional words)和关联词(ref
2、erents 来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。分析题干能力 细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage 2)The author mentions all of the following e*cept.3)Which of the following statements is correct accor
3、ding to the passage 4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below e*cept _.5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage 6)What is the e*ample of.as described in the passage-.z.7)The reason for.is.8)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).9)From the passage we know that _.
4、10)In the passage,the author states that _.细节理解题：细节理解题就是我们常见的 wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）The general/main idea of the passage is about _ 2）Which of the follo
5、wing best states the theme of the passage.3）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _ 5）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6）What is the main topic of the passage.7）What is the best title for the passage.8）The subject discussed in this te*t is _ 9）The auth
6、ors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to.11）The purpose of this article is to 有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：1)It can be inferred from the te*t that _.2)From the te*t we know that _.3)The story implies that _.4)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.5)The writer
7、s attitude toward.is _.6)The author implied（suggested）that 7)It may be concluded from the passage that 8)Which of the following statements does the passage support.9)With which of the following does the author agree.-.z.考作者观点态度的提问方式有：1)The author seems to think that _.2)The writer is trying to prese
8、nt a point of view in _.3)The author wants to appeal to _.4)The authors style is _.5)The authors tone would be best described as _.6)What is the authors opinion of _ 7)The writer believe that_ 8)What is the authors main purpose in the passage 9）In the authors opinion_ 推断题 1.解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观
9、点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。2.解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2、如果问的是对*一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。三、例题精析 Invited by Mr.Ye Hui*ian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hos
10、tess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only si*years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven
11、years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more ch
12、ance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.-.z.Q：Which of the following is NOT true A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won t
13、he title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.解析：A、C 和 D 都可在原文找到答案，而 B 项原文列的是：taken to Hong Kong 可判断不是 moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选 B。E*ample 2 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five do
14、zen roaches(蟑螂)and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in e*actly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writ
15、er moved into the house,it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlord C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects 解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为 D。E*ample 3 Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say th
16、e wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr.Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has p
17、roblems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr.Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions.He never says，“I dont know.”Q：Which of the following best describes the writers a
18、ttitude to Mr.Neff A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand.B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful.C.He feels pity for Mr.Neff.D.He does not like Mr.Neff.-.z.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是 Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢.明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对 Mr.Neff 的讨厌之情
19、。答案为 D。四、课堂运用 阅读理解“老”字趣谈 每个国家都有各自的文化习惯，而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会，不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就 OK 啦！When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong,China,we brought not only our luggage,but also our village rules,customs and culture.One of the rules is that young people should always r
20、espect(尊敬)elders.Unluckily,this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.One time,when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple,the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly.I told her that I had made sure th
21、ey got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly.As soon as I said that,her face showed great displeasure.My manager,who happened to hear what I said,took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感)Americans are and how they dislike the description“old”.I then walked ba
22、ck to the table and apologized to the wife.After the couple heard my reason,they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences,so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China,people are proud of being old.Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty,and people who
23、 reach such an age have the most knowledge and e*perience.Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich e*perience.However,in the United States,people think“growing old”is a problem since“old”shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not w
24、orking well.Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing e*ercises or jogging,and women put on makeup,hoping to look young.When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly,they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young.I had
25、 told them something they didnt want to hear.After that,I changed the way I had been with older people.It is not that I dont respect them any more;I still respect them,but now I dont show my feelings through words.By Jack 根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.Jack brought the couple their food very fast be
26、cause _.A.the manager asked him to do so-.z.B.he respected the elderly C.the couple wanted him to do so D.he wanted more pay 2.When Jack called the couple“elderly”,they became _.A.nervous B.satisfied C.unhappy D.e*cited 3.In Jacks hometown,_.A.people dislike being called“old”B.people are proud of be
27、ing old C.many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D.the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants 4.After this e*perience,Jack _.A.lost his job in the restaurant B.made friends with the couple C.no longer respected the elderly D.changed his way with older people 5.Which of the followin
28、g is TRUE A.The more Jack e*plained,the angrier the couple got.B.Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his e*perience.C.The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.D.From this e*perience,Jack learned more about American culture.英语阅读理解Jean 的网友 QQ 聊天对我们来说并不陌生，但是该不该完全
29、相信网友呢.我们究竟该以怎样的心态对待网络呢.让我们来看看本文主人公与网友的奇遇吧！Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family.She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy.Well,almost everything.The problem is that the people in Jeans family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be wi
30、th her.In fact,Jean is quite lonely.-.z.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ.She likes being anonymous(匿名),talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life.She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean
31、made a very special friend on QQ.His name was David and lived in San Francisco.David was full of stories and jokes.He and Jean had a common(共同的)interest in rock music and modern dance.So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time.Of course,they wanted t
32、o know more about each other.David sent a picture of himself:He was a tall,good-looking young man with a big,happy smile.As time went by,they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jeans father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco,she a
33、sked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday.She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer.But when she knocked on Davids door in San Francisco,she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择
34、最佳选项。1.Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _.A.rich B.famous C.young D.lonely 2.Jean thought“David”was special because he _.A.made her quite happy on QQ B.was from San Francisco C.sent her a picture of himself D.was tall and good-looking 3.When Jean and“David”met and introduced themse
35、lves to each other,who felt surprised A.“David”.B.Both“David”and Jean.C.Jean.D.Neither“David”nor Jean.4.Whats the main idea of the passage A.Dont believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B.People dont use their real names on QQ so often.C.Dont go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D.People sho
36、uld tell their real names to others on QQ.课程小结 课后作业-.z.英语阅读一辈子的朋友 朋友与你相互嬉闹，朋友与你互掏腰包；朋友与你互相惦记，朋友与你心有灵犀；朋友与你有苦共担，朋友与有乐同欢请读读这篇真挚的友情故事。Linda Evans was my best friendlike the sister I never had.We did everything together:piano lessons,movies,swimming,horseback riding.When I was 13,my family moved away.Li
37、nda and I kept in touch through letters,and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding(婚礼)and Lindas.Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes,and we wrote less often.One day a card that I sent came back,stamped“Address(地址)Unknown.”I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years,I
38、 missed Linda very much.I wanted to share(分享)happiness of my children and then grandchildren.And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of
39、 a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Lindas married name.“There must be thousands of Wagmans,”I thought,but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter.“Mrs Tobin!”she said e*citedly,“Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.”Minutes later I heard a v
40、oice that I knew very much,even after 40 years,laughed and cried and caught up on each others lives.Now the empty place in my heart is filled.And theres one thing that Linda and I know for sure:We wont lose each other again!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.The writer went to piano lessons with Linda E
41、vans _.A.at the age of 13 B.before she got married C.after they moved to new homes D.before the writers family moved away 2.They didnt often write to each other because they _.A.got married B.had little time to do so C.didnt like writing letters-.z.D.could see each other on special time 3.There was
42、an empty place in the writers heart because she _.A.was in trouble B.didnt know Lindas address C.received the card that she sent D.didnt have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness 4.The writer was happy when she _.A.read the newspaper B.heard Lindas voice on the phone C.met a young w
43、oman who looked a lot like Linda D.wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman 5.They havent kept in touch _.A.for about 40 years B.for about 27 years C.since they got married D.since the writers family moved away 英语幽默阅读看病 每天都有很多人被病痛折磨着，但有些病却是因为一些不必要的担忧，正如本文中的 tailor 一样，威吓不少一点忧心，让自己健康快乐一点呢.A man w
44、ent to see his doctor one day,because he was suffering from pains in his stomach.After the doctor had e*amined him carefully,he said to him,“Well,theres nothing really wrong with you,Im glad to say.Your only trouble is that you worry too much.Do you know,I had a man with the same trouble as you here
45、 a few weeks ago,and I gave him the same advice as I am going to give you.He was worried because he couldnt pay his tailors bills.I told him not to worry about the bills any more.He took my advice and when he came to see me again two days ago,he told me that he now felt quite all right again.”“Yes,I
46、 know all about that,”answered the patient sadly.“You see,Im that mans tailor!”根据以上短文内容判断正误，正确的用“T”表示，错误的用“F”表示。1.The tailor went to see his doctor because he has got a headache.2.There is nothing serious with the tailor.-.z.3.A man with the same trouble as the tailor a few days ago.4.The doctor gav
47、e the man and the tailor the same advice.5.The tailor was worried because a man couldnt pay his bills.【a 篇答案及解析】1.选 B。根据第 2 段中的 I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly 可知答案。2.选 C。根据第 2 段中的 As soon as I said that,her face showed great displeasu
48、re 可知他们听到 Jack 称他们为老者时，一点也不高兴。3.选 B。根据第 3 段中的 In my village in China,people are proud of being old 可知答案。4.选 D。根据最后一段中的 After that,I changed the way I had with older people 可知答案。5.选 D。根据第 2 段最后一句 After the couple heard my reason,they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences,so t
49、hey laughed and were no longer angry 可知 A 选项不对；根据文章最后一句 but now I dont show my feelings through words 可知 B 选项不对；根据第 2 段中的 I then waked back to the table and apologized to the wife 可知 C 选项也不对，故正确答案为 D。【b 篇答案及解析】1.选 D。由第 1 段的句子In fact,Jean is quite lonely.可知答案选 D。2.选 A。Jean 认为 David 幽默风趣，在摇滚乐和现代舞上和她有共
50、同的兴趣，他们可以在网上快乐地聊上几个小时。很显然 David 使得 Jean 很开心。答案选 A。3.选 C。文章的最后一句she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!告诉我们，当 Jean 发现她那特殊的朋友是一个 12 岁的小孩时，用了一个感叹号结尾，虽然作者没有直接说 Jean 感到惊讶，但是我们可以从这个标点符号推断出她的感觉应该是十分 surprised(惊讶的)。4.选 A。本文讲述 Jean 交了个十分投缘的网友，后来却发现对方原来只是一个 12 岁的小男孩。通过这个故事，短文意在告