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1、 1 历年高考试题分项解析之专题七选五 1【2021全国新课标 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes(密码)keep messages private。Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.71 Code br
2、eaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.72 For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels Spell out the hidden message“Meet me.73 You might represent each letter
3、with a number,For example,Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message“Meet me would read“13 5 20 13 5.A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.74 For
4、example“bridge“might stand for“meet and“out might stand for“me.The message“bridge out would actually mean“Meet me.75 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters
5、are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other
6、 words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.2【2021全国新课标 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared
7、to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?71 .But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._72 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,pat
8、terns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).73 .However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our mod
9、el of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important.74 -how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gard
10、ens of your youth.75 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.2 A.Know why you garden B.Find a good place for your own garden C.Its our experience of the garden that matters D.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E.Still o
11、thers may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too G.For each of those gardens,writer down the strongest memory you have 3【2021全国新课标 III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health.
12、71 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isnt difficult.72 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.73 Fresh fi
13、sh should smell sweet:you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.74 When you have bought a fish and arrive home,youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridg
14、e for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish.75 .First,lean it and season it with your choice of spices.Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will
15、take more time.)Then,its ready to serve.(spices 调料 A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little knowledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart dise
16、ase.4【2021北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking.71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why?
17、Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring.72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adv
18、enture and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking could get one Killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today
19、.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it.73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.74 To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking
20、 some risks,so your brain raises 3 your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks,so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.A
21、s experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,well continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus,these well-equ
22、ipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous
23、situation.5【2021四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._71 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live lon
24、ger is the difference in hormones between men and women.72 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from h
25、eart attacks._73 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men._74 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging
26、,but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.75 AHowever,women,on average,live longer.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C.Women are also helped
27、 by their female genes.D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body func
28、tions.72021 年全国新课标 I 第二节 共 5 小题，每题 2 分，总分值 10 分 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences,71 .That is a risk.4 But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results f
29、rom an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been suffer from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore,72 .Its understandable,but if
30、youre willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.73 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.74 If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circums
31、tance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose“everything.Once trust is lost,what is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything y
32、ou still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._75_ instead,its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember tha
33、t you can expect the best in return.E.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.82021 年全国新课标 II 第二节共 5 小题：每题 2 分，
34、总分值 10 分 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.71 ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so
35、 you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.72 .As always,you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week,do not think
36、about distance,but run five minutes longer each day._73_,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.74 .After two weeks,start timing yourself.75 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the rem
37、aining weeks before the race.A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training 5 G.Now you are ready t
38、o figure out a goal of improving distance and time 92021 北京 第二节共 5 小题；每题 2 分。共 10 分 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation
39、 for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.72 Can you imagine what kin
40、d of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First,understand that some opportunities(时机)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to s
41、lip into daydreams.73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid d
42、aydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._74_ Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when yo
43、ur head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relatively,Coke or Post-it notes.D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It in
44、volves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand.G.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.10202
45、1 年全国课标 I 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.71 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.72 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to
46、 make these pancakes even better next time?and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?2.Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.6 _73 There are a dozen different things you can do with
47、 them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Personal skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kid from
48、misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.74 “Why do you think shes crying?“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?4.Self Expression 75 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music,acting,drawing,buil
49、ding,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.E.Ga
50、rdening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.112021 年全国课标 II 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for cooking on a Tight Sch