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1、2023 年高考英语新热点时文阅读环境保护 01 题型 主要内容 1 阅读理解 因为目前的雪碧瓶子无法被循环利用，因此可口可乐公司宣布将用透明的瓶子取代绿 色的瓶子。2 阅读理解 介绍了三星公司 Rathore 和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用 于制作三星 Galaxy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使 用更多的升级循环材料。3 阅读理解 介绍了科学家推出仿生机器人鱼以清除海洋中的微塑料。4 阅读理解 西藏自治区的一个偏远村庄新开的小市场吸引了大量顾客。（人们可以用）垃圾兑换 商品，这是其（该市场）成功的秘诀。5 阅读理解 印度商人 Ashay Bha
2、ve找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法把塑料袋制成一种叫作 ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子：这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环 境的污染。（2022J 可北高三阶段练习）Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday（hat it will begin transitioning（转 变）from green to clear plastic on Aug.I to increase the matcriaPs likelihood of being remade into new beverage（饮料）bottles.The beverage giant is
3、 committed to making 100%of its packaging recyclable by 2025 and using at least 50%recycled material in its packaging by 2030.Sprite,an important brand of Coca-Cola,currently uses plastic bottles containg a green additive called Polyethylene Tclcphthalatc（PET）.These bottles arc commonly changed into
4、 single-use items like clothing and carpeting that cant be recycled into new PET bottles.“Taking colors out of bottles improves the quality of the recycled material,n said Julian Ochoa,CEO of R3CYCLE,which is working with Coca-Cola to improve bottle-to-bottle recycling.uWhen recycled,clear PET Sprit
5、e bottles can be remade into bottles,helping drive a circular economy for plastic.M Sprite,the popular lemon-flavored soft drink,which first hit shelves in 1961,is also getting a new logo 解释说。此外，高性能智能手机、平板电脑或 PC 必须防水，并且能够承受恶劣的天气。渔网中的尼 龙远远达不到那种耐用性的水平。）”可知本段内容主要讲述渔网主要成分是尼龙，在海洋中和阳光 下时间越长越容易分解.，不符合制作手机、
6、电脑等所需材料的耐用性，所以几乎不能直接回收利用 废弃的渔网，如果是几乎不能直接使用的东西又必须利用起来的话，那这之间必然存在着巨大困难；综上所述，故本段主要讲述重复使用幽灵网的难度很大，故选 C 项。7.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Last month,Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time.（上个月，三星首次展示了 由部分|口 1 收塑料渔网 制成的 Galaxy系列新产品。）”可知，Galaxy系列新产
7、品的特别之处在于其含有从幽灵网中回收的材 料，故选 D项。8.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“To deal with that problem,Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners:one to collect and transform the nets into liny nylon pellets（颗木立）while（he other（o strengthen their toughness and durability.The end result:The partners hit upon an eco-friendly a
8、nd high-performance plastic material thats being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products.For example,two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phonethe key bracket and the inner cover-are made of these fishing-net plastic materials.Samsung aims to use even more upcyclcd materials
9、in future product lines.（为了解决 这个问题，三星去年夏天与两个合作伙伴进行了合作：一个合作伙伴负责收集和改造这些渔网，将 其制成微小的尼龙颗粒，另一个负责增强渔网的韧性和耐久性。最终的结果是：合作伙伴偶然发现 了一种环保的高性能塑料材料，这种材料正被用来制造其最新产品系列的零部件。例如，GalaxyS22 手机的两个部分钥匙支架和内盖就是用这些渔网塑料制成的。三星的目标是在未来的产品 线中使用更多的升级循环材料。）可知 Rathore的团队与合作伙伴在对渔网进行处理以至于其被重 复利用的时候，合作伙伴偶然发现了种环保的高性能塑料材料，并用于制作三星最新产品系列的 零部
10、件，从而实现了对渔网的重复使用，而三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材 料，这必然会大量回收和利用废弃渔网，从而减少地球上的废弃渔网数量，故推知 Rathore 的工作可 以保护地球不被塑料堵塞，故选 C 项。9.C 10.D 11.B 12.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家推出仿生机器人鱼以清除海洋中的微塑料。10 推理判断题。根据第五段The study showed that compared with traditional uniformly dispersed（均匀 分散的）material structures,the new material use
11、d in the fish-shaped soft robot has many supramolecular（超分子）interactions between layers,allowing the robot to recover its stability and functionality even when damaged and continue its microplastic harvesting operations.（研究表明，与传统的均匀分散的材料结构 相比，鱼形软机器人所使用的新材料在层与层之间具有许多超分子相互作用，使得机器人即使在损 坏时也能恢复其稳定性和功能，并继
12、续其微塑料收集作业。）”可推断，本段是通过比较展开的。故选 Co.细节理解题 o 根据第四段“The research team then used the new material to develop a 15-mm fish-like soft robot,enabling it to swim rapidly and absorb microplastics in water.（研究团队随后使用这种新材料开 发了一个 15亳米长的鱼状软机器人，使其能够快速游泳，并吸收水中的微塑料。厂和第六段“The robotic fish can swim at a speed of 2.67 ti
13、mes its body length per second,exceeding the speeds of previously reported soft swimmers and comparable to the speed of other small forms of plant and animal life that live in waler.（这种机器鱼的游泳速度是其体长的 2.67 倍/秒，超过了之前报道的软性游泳者的速度，与 生活在水中的其他小型动植物的速度相当。户可知，15*2.67=40.05,所以这个鱼形的光驱动机器人 可以以大约每秒40 毫米的速度游泳。故选 D
14、。11.推理判断题。根据第七段“At present,the soft robot can only achieve the function of directionally collecting microplastics from the water surface.All these functions need to be developed and improved before large-scale 叩plication.（目前，该软机器人只能实现从水面定向采集微塑料的功能。在大规模应 用之前，这些功能都需要开发和改进。户可推断，这种机器鱼还没有大规模投入使用，是因为其功能 有
15、待完善。故选 B。12.细节理解题。根据第二段“They are easily eaten by marine organisms and transmitted through the food chain,presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem healih.（它们很容易被海洋生物吃掉，并通过 食物链传播，对人类和生态系统健康构成严重威胁。）“可知，微塑料间接对人类产生不良影响。故选 Bo.B 14.D 15.A 16.C【导语】本文是说明文。西藏自治区的一个偏远村庄新开的小市场吸引了大量顾客。（人们可以用）垃圾兑换商品，这是其
16、（该市场）成功的秘诀。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet the move was not quite well received in the beginning,until they put their eyes on the pupils.The children used recyclables in exchange for snacks and soon the news spread.”（一开始这个举措并不太受欢迎，直到他们把目光投向了学生。不久之后，孩子用可回收材 料换取零食消息很快就在村庄里传开了。）可知，在当地孩子的帮助下，它开始传播。故选 B。2.细节理解题。根据
17、第三段“The market has also provided jobs fbr four local residents that once lived under the poverty line,each earning a monthly salary of 3,000 yuan.”（该市场还为 4 位曾经生活在贫困线 以下的当地居民提供了就业机会，他们每个人的月薪为 3000元）可知，小市场对当地的影响是它提 供就业机会。故选 D。3.推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Thanks to the market,1 can get such a meaningful job.”（多亏了市
18、场，我能得到一份如此有意义的工作。河知，Tenzin Drolm对此举措是心怀感激的。故选 A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段In a community in Lhasas Chengguan District,the intelligent recycling bins can calculate the weight and upload（上传）the redeemed points to cards of local residents.（在拉萨城 关区的一个社区，智能回收箱可以计算重量，并将积分上传到当地居民的卡上。）可知，智能回收箱 可以计算回收物的价值。故选 C。17.D 18.C
19、 19.A 20.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。印度商人Ashay Bhavc找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法把塑料袋制 成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以问收利用，减少了对环境 的污染。17.细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution.（这个来自迪拜的运动鞋品牌想要对抗日益严重的塑料污染问题）”和第三段的句 子“I needed to come up with something that uses
20、recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.（我需要想出一种既使用回收塑料又不会产生更多塑料垃圾的方法）“可知，Bhave 选择用塑料制作 鞋子，是因为他想用环保的方式使用回收塑料故选 D项。18.细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句话“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.（我们面临的最大的挑战就是如何获得塑料袋）”可知，对于 Bhave来说，最大的困难是获得足够的塑料袋来作为生产材料。故
21、选 C 项。19.短语猜测题。前文“We have a fbw more colors coming up,“said Bhavc.（“我们会有更多的颜色出现，”巴维说）”可知，他们会生产更多颜色的鞋子，结合划线句They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing.（他们还计划 put up 一个高帮样式，并推出一系列服装）”和句中的a high-lop model（高帮样式）”可知，pul out 是在该句子中是“生产”的意思，意思是说他们还计划生产一种高 帮鞋。故选 A项。20.主旨大意题。根
22、据第一段的“Lately,its all about environment-friendly materials-recycled tires,mushrooms,even pineapple fibers!What if you want such a pair of shoes?Thaely is here to help.（最近，完全是关于环保材料的回收轮胎、蘑菇，甚至菠萝纤维！如果你想要这样一双鞋，泰利来帮忙。y 以及卜文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法一 把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，
23、塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。所以,B*Thaely:killer of waste plastic bags（Thaely：废塑料袋的杀手）”作 为本文的题目符合题意。故选B项。and packaging design.Sprites packaging will keep the brands recognizable green colour and include noticeable“Recycle Me“message.Other drinks that use green bottles,including Frcsca,Seagrams,and Mello Yello
24、,will also transition to clear packaging in the coming months.Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been criticized fbr contributing to the worlds plastic pollution.In 2021,both companies ranked as the worlds top plastic polluters fbr the 4th consecutive(连续的)year by the environmental organization Break Fr
25、ee From Plastic.Global beach cleanups were carried out by more than 11,(X)()volunteers in 45 countries to identify the most common plastic polluters.Break Free From Plastic found that 20,()(X)Coca-Cola branded products were picked up,representing more pollution than the next two top polluters combin
26、ed.Coca-Cola announced its“World Without Waste“sustainable packaging program in 2018,in which it promised to make all of its packaging recyclable excluding the caps and labels as well as have at least 25%of its beverages sold in refillable packaging by 2030.1.Whats the purpose of the first paragraph
27、?A.To state the main idea of(he text.B.To introduce Coca-Colas new product.C.To give the news background information.D.To draw peoples s attention to Coca-Cola.2.What do we know about green bottles from the text?A.Their material is of low quality.B.They can only be changed into single-use items.C.Th
28、ey contain more pollutants than clear boules.D.They are more expensive to recycle.3.What did Break Free From Plastic find?A.20,0(X)Coca-Cola products were produced in 2021.B.Plastic was the most common polluter in 45 countries.C.The top three and four polluters made less pollution than Coca-Cola in
29、2021.D.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were responsible for the environmental protection.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Coca-Cola releasing new soft drinks.B.Recycle Me”message on the clear Sprite bottle.C.Colored bottles decreasing the quality of the recycled material.D.Sprite retiring its signature green
30、 plastic bottles after more than 60 years.02（江苏省南京市 2022-2023 学年高三上学期期初考试英语试题）Plastic fishing nets,the so-called ghost nets,abandoned yearly in the seaabout 1 million tonsare more than just nibbish;theyre a killer.Fish,sea birds,and turtles get caught in the netting and die,with more species at risk
31、.Much shocked al this,Pranveer Singh Rathore,a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung,and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.Last month,Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets fbr the
32、first time.The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones,tablets,and computers,thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.Its no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act.The ne
33、ts are typically made of a substance called nylon which（ends to dramatically degrade（降解）the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun.This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,“Rathore explains.Besides,high-performance smartphone,tablet,or PC has to be waterp
34、roof and can survive severe weather.The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability（fefffl）.To deal with that problem,Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners:one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets（颗粒）while the other to strengthen their toughne
35、ss and durability.The end result:The partners hit upon an cco-fricndly and high-pcrfbrmancc plastic material thats being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products.For example,two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phonethe key bracket and the inner coverare made of these fishing-
36、net plastic materials.Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.Thats the hope fbr the globe and our mission,“Rathore smiles.5.What docs the underlined word“this”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Rubbish in the sea.B.Recycling the deadly nets.C.Ocean species extinction.D.Ghost
37、 nets5 threat to sea life.6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The low level of durability of nylon.B.The second act of waste fishing nets.C.The great difficulty in reusing ghost nets.D.The positive comment on Samsungs products.7.What is special about Samsungs new Galaxy products?A.They are made fro
38、m tiny nylon pellets.B.They put an end to the problem of fishing nets.C.They can stand up to water and severe weather.D.They contain materials recycled from ghost nets.8.What can we learn about Rathores work?A.It makes plastic easier to break down.B.It marks the shift of Samsungs mission.C.It protec
39、ts the planet from choking on plastic.D.It raises public awareness of ocean exploration.03（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校 2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次验收考试英语试卷）Chinese scientists have developed a fish-shaped light-actuated（光驱动的）swimming robot that can“eat”microplastics in water bodies and repair itself if damaged.Microplastic
40、s,pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters,are numerous and widely distributed in the ocean.They are easily eaten by marine organisms（海洋生物）and transmitted through the food chain,presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health.Inspired by nacre,also known as mother of pearl,a strong,dur
41、able and llexible material obtained from hard shells,scientists from Sichuan University modeled nacres graphcnc-based gradient nanostructure（石墨 烯基梯度纳米结构）to create a durable,flexible and self-repairing nanocomposite（纳米复合材料）,according to a study published in the journal Nano Letters.The research team
42、then used the new material to develop a 15-mm fish-like soft robot,enabling it to swim rapidly and absorb microplastics in water.Soft robots need to have high adaptability and environmental tolerance when working in complex water environments,said Wang Yuyan,the first author of the research paper,wh
43、o added that existing traditional soft robots are generally made of rubber,which poorly performed in mechanical capacity,easily damaged and have difficulty integrating（整合）functions.The study showed that compared with traditional uniformly dispersed（均匀分散的）material structures,the new material used in
44、the fish-shaped soft robot has many supramolecular（超分子）interactions between layers,allowing the robot to recover its stability and functionality even when damaged and continue its microplastic harvesting operations.The robotic fish can swim at a speed of 2.67 times its body length per second,exceedi
45、ng the speeds of previously reported soft swimmers and comparable to the speed of other small forms of plant and animal life that live in water.At present,the soft robot can only achieve the function of directionally collecting microplastics from the water surface.All these functions need to be deve
46、loped and improved before large-scale application.The researchers are currently working on a new material that could detect inicroplastic underwater and share live data online,the paper said.The new nanostructural design is expected（o offer an effective extended path to other integrated robots and t
47、o be applied in many fields such as solar power generation,chemical reaction catalysis biomedicine and aerospace.Click www.N.for more information,but members only.9.How is the fifth paragraph developed?A.By listing data.B.By giving examples.C.By making comparison.D.By reasoning.10.The fish-shaped li
48、ght-actuated robot can swim at about millimeters per second.A.5.B.13.5.C.15.D.40Why hasn,t the robot fish been put into large-scale application?A.The materials are too rare to find.B.Its function needs to be perfected.C.The nanostructure is not stable enough.D.The fish robot is rather easily damaged
49、.11.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The robot fish is used to detect microplastic undenvater.B.Microplastics indirectly have a bad effect on human beings.C.The rubber-made robot fish is self-healing and has environmental tolerance.D.The new nanostructural design
50、has already been applied in solar power generation.04（2022湖南怀化高二开学考试）In less than two months,a newly opened minimarket in a remote village in Xi gaze City,southwest Chinas Tibet,has attracted a large number of customers.The secret behind its success is the idea“rubbish fbr goods.Villagers can redeem