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1、 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析 Module 2 Logical analysis I Theory and skills 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有
2、些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的 attention to the logic 2.1 有偿搭车 “上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中型城市开始流行起来。一些网站还专门设立了相关的栏目，北京出现了全国第一家顺风车专业门户网站，有需求者只要将自己的出发地和目的地发布上网，就会很容易获得理想的搭乘机会。除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通过朋友介
3、绍认识的。与国外一些国家搭顺风车现象有所不同的是，按事先约定，国内的一些搭乘者会以现金或实物的形式给车主一定的补偿，而一些车主也将省钱和挣钱作为提供便利的目的之一。面对越来越多的汽车污染以及日渐严重的交通压力，“顺风车”的出现无疑是件好事。但随之而来的“有偿搭车”现象却引起了各方的不同看法。对此持赞同意见的人认为应该提倡这种做 法，因为它既方便了乘车人，也减轻了车主的经济负担，同时还能缓解城市交通压力；反对的人则认为私家车收费搭乘他人，严格意义上属于非法营运，由于它没有办理任何证件，干扰了正常的客运市场。政府应加以严格管理；一些保险公司相关人士还认为，一旦发生事故，保险公司有权拒赔，理由是营运
4、车风险比较大，同类型汽车的保险费收费标准，营运车辆要高于私家车。2.2 Why are girls not as good at maths and science?Girls dont do as well at maths and science as boys.There are several reasons for this.The first and most important reason is that they arent encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in maths and science pro
5、blems and that build skills for problem solving or understanding how things work.Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills.As a result,they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions.Second,studies have shown that
6、teachers dont expect girls to be good at maths.Even female maths and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often.Because teachers dont expect girls to excel,they dont try very hard,and soon girls are far behind boys in these studies.Finally,girls dont have many r
7、ole models to look up to.Not very many maths and science teachers are women,especially in the later grades.When the media picture mathematicians and scientists,they usually picture men.As a result,girls arent inspired to choose these fields as careers.In summary,several factors work together in the
8、home,in schools,and in society at large to send a subtle message to girls.Girls almost always get the message;as a result,few girls excel at maths and science.III.Interpreting exercise 2.1 Yo-Yo Ma 词汇与短语 cellist 大提琴家 span 跨过 album 专辑 Grammy 格莱美奖 composer 作曲家 Carnegie Hall 卡耐基音乐大厅 Julliard School of
9、Music 朱利亚音乐学院 anthropology 人类学 collaborate 合作 genre 流派 vocal cords 声带 Language tips 1.His career as a professional cellist spans more than 20 years and over 50 albums.他的大提琴职业生涯跨越了 20 余年 50 多张 专辑。”To span”is to cover,to cross.It would sound more idiomatic Chinese if the sentence were translated:作为大提琴
10、演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经横跨了 20 多个年头，期间他发布了 50 多张专辑。2.His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today.他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。”To shape who he is today”,to make him what he is,or to contribute to his achievements.3.The most important thing when he p
11、lays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance：对他来说，最重要的就是每一场演出都全身心地投入。”Give all of himself all of the time”,to be fully concentrated,to devote all of himself to.Today well meet one of the greatest cellists of our times,Yo-Yo Ma.His career as a professional cellist spans more than 2
12、0 years and over 50 albums.He has been honored for his music with many awards including an amazing 14 Grammy.He has played on many important occasions including the Grammy and the Olympics./Yo-Yo Ma was born in France to Chinese parents who were both musicians.His mother was a singer,his father,a co
13、mposer.Yo-Yo Ma gave his first public performance when he was only 5.4 years later,at the tender age of 9,he was playing at the prestigious Carnegie Hall in New York,by which time the family had moved to the US./Yo-Yo Ma pursued his cello studies at the Julliard School of Music.From there he opted t
14、o attend Harvard and got a degree in anthropology.His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today./Today Yo-Yo Ma continues his musical journey,never hesitating to collaborate with musicians of all genres and from around the world.He is inspir
15、ed by people and nature.To him,the cello is an extension of his vocal cords.The most important thing when he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance,to try to transmit the contents of the music to the audience he is playing for./IV Self-study material Instruction:Retell to e
16、ach other the following dialogue in groups,trying to compare whose logic is clearer and why.词汇与短语“Hero”英雄（电影名）动作片 action movie 模式 formula 报仇血恨 revenge 功夫超群 outstanding Kongfu master 题材广博 much broader theme “Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon”卧虎藏龙（电影名）李安 Ann Lee（卧虎藏龙导演）huge hit 引起轰动，取得巨大成功 sequels 续集 mart
17、ial arts champion 武术冠军 独特的武打技巧 unique martial arts technique 很深的哲理 sophisticated philosophy CNN：Congratulations on“Hero”.I mean,is the part very similar to what you normally play?李连杰：不，这是一部不同寻常的电影中的一个非常独特的角色，和我以往演过的角色都不一样。可以说这是我最重要的动作片之一。CNN：Why do you say that?You have made about 30 movies.How is t
18、his one different from the rest?李连杰：通常的动作片都有这么一个模式：一个孩子的父母亲被杀，这个孩子从小习武，立志报仇血恨。长大后他果然功夫超群，除掉坏蛋，为父母报仇。但英雄的题材则广博得多。CNN：Is it very similar to“Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon”for example?李连杰：完全不同。我认为李安是个非常有才华的导演，他用武术来描写爱情。而张艺谋则尝试用武术来描述中国文化，中国人的思想，以及他们期望的世界是什么样的。CNN：Thats very deep.We know your first-ever m
19、ovie was“Shaolin Temple”made in 1979 when you were still just a teenager.The movie was a huge hit in Asia and was followed by two sequels.Let me ask you,how did you move from being a martial arts champion to becoming a Hollywood action star?李连杰：我认为最重要的原因还是我自幼习武，这是我的特长。我可以在电影里使用自己独特的武打技巧。我也一直想做些与众不同的事，如通过武术来谈论和平，实现和平。CNN：That almost sounds like a contradiction,right?You are a fighter here,and you talk about peace?李连杰：对。其实中国文化并不只是武打功夫这些表面现象。中国人并不是都懂得武术，只知道打人，没有思想没有大脑的。中国文化有很深的哲理，我觉得我有责任告诉世界。