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1、 1 动词的语态【要点提示】概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。种类：英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。考查热点：中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，通过变化助动词 be 体现时态。初中阶段需要掌握的被动语态如下：一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词【拓展】1 双宾语的被动
2、语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时，可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语，也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词 to或 for。常用 to 的动词有 give,tell,lend,send,show,pass,hand 等；常用 for 的动词有 borrow,make,buy 等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构，变被动语态时只能“宾作主”，而宾补不变。其中，make/hear(watch,see.)sb.do sth.结构变为被动语态时为“sb.+be 的适当形式+made/heard(watched,se
3、en.)to do sth.”。3 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。根据近几年对语态考查的分析，编了这样几句口诀：时态一，语态二，宾变主，主变宾，by短语，后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be 后添“过分”。【专项练习】.请从各题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。()1.Did you go to Sams weekend party?No,I _.A.am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt i
4、nvite()2.The letter _in Japanese.I cant read it.A.is writing B.is written C.wrote D.writes()3.Susan,why are you still here?They are all ready to start.Im sorry,but I _when to meet.A.am not told B.didnt tell C.havent told D.wasnt told 2()4.Today computers _in both cities and towns.A.were using B.are
5、used C.were used D.are using()5.A new supermarket _in my home town next month.A.will built B.will be built C.is built D.builds()6.Alice,you _on the phone.Im coming.Thanks.A.want B.are wanted C.were wanted D.have wanted()7.Personal computers _ in 1976.They have changed the whole world.A.have been inv
6、ented B.are invented C.were invented D.will be invented()8.Your skirt is nice and looks different from other girls.Thanks.My mother _ it last month.A.was made B.has made C.has been made D.made()9.I know she wont come to join us unless she _ to.A.tells B.will be told C.is told D.was told()10.James is
7、 my friend.He _ Jim for short.A.calls B.is called C.called D.is calling()11.English _ in Canada,Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain.A.speaks B.is speaking C.is spoken D.spoke()12.The window _ten minutes ago,and the room is bright now.A.cleaned B.is cleaned C.was cleaned D.will c
8、lean()13.Today I cant go to work.My sick mother should _.A.be taken good care B.be taken good care of C.take good care D.take good care of()14.I _ your recorder.It works now.Thank you very much.A.have been repaired B.will repair C.have repaired D.was repaired()15.Well have three days off if the work
9、 _ today.A.finishes B.can finish C.was finished D.can be finished()16.How often_ your school sports meeting _?Once a year.A.were,held B.are,held C.was,held D.is,held()17.The watch I lost yesterday_ in my drawer.A.has found B.found C.has been found D.had been found()18.More trees must_ in North China
10、 every year to stop the wind.3 A.be planted B.plant C.planted D.are planted()19.Traditional Beijing opera_ to the music courses in middle school in the future.A.will add B.will be added C.adds D.was added()20.In our school,the books from the library within two weeks.A.return B.must return C.will ret
11、urn D.must be returned()21.This picture_ to a museum in New York in 2008.Yes,it cost a lot.A.has been sold B.will be sold C.is sold D.was sold()22.The children _not to smoke.A.are told B.told C.tell D.are telling()23.A lot of tall buildings _ near our house so far.A.have been built B.are built C.hav
12、e built D.were built()24.Jim doesnt have to be made_.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning()25.What was the result of the football match?Bad luck.Our team_.A.beat B.won C.was beaten D.has won.请将主动语与被动语态互换，每空一词。1.Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners now._ _ _ _ _ _now.
13、2.The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate.All the bananas on the plate_ _ up by the twins.3.We must finish the work in two hours.The work _ _ _ in two hours.4.Thousands of houses in that area were destroyed by the earthquake._ _ _ _ _ _in that area.5.Beijing has hosted the 29th Olympic Games s
14、uccessfully.The 29th Olympic Games _ _ _ successfully by Beijing.6.The girl copies a poem every week.A poem _ _ by the girl every week.7.The classroom should be cleaned by the students every day.The students _ _ _ _ every day.8.My father gave my cousin a nice gift on her 4 birthday.A nice gift _ _ _
15、my cousin by my father on her birthday.9.All the people in the room laughed at him because of his new hairstyle.He _ _ _ _ all the people in the room because of his new hairstyle.10.I heard a boy cry in the next room just now.A boy _ _ _ _ in the next room just now.请根据句意及所给词，用其正确语态填空。1.The kitchen _
16、(clean)every day by my mother.2.Lilys sister _(make)breakfast for herself every morning.3.Many songs _(sound)very beautiful.4.Sometimes the best and most beautiful things in the world can not _(see),but can_(feel).5.Things should_(keep)here before you enter the Water Cube.6.Those students _(ask)to s
17、peak at the meeting tomorrow.7.The window of the classroom _(break)by Mike yesterday.8.How do you make your room_(look)nice?9.A book must_(read)more than once if you want to understand it better.10.Where to build the new hospital _(not decide)yet.参考答案 动词的语态专项练习.1-5 BBDBB 6-10 BCDCB 11-15 CCBCD 16-20
18、 DCABD 21-25 DAABC.1.More and more foreigners speak Chinese 2.were eaten 3.must be finished 4.The earthquake destroyed thousands of houses 5.has/have been hosted 6.is copied 7.should clean the classroom 8.was given to 9.was laughed at by 10.was heard to cry.1.is cleaned 2.makes 3.sound 4.be seen,be felt 5.be kept 6.will be asked 7.was broken 8.look 9.be read 10.hasnt been decided